{"id":32901,"date":"2018-12-03T00:42:51","date_gmt":"2018-12-02T16:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32901"},"modified":"2018-12-14T10:01:02","modified_gmt":"2018-12-14T02:01:02","slug":"hubbard-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e8%b2%bb%e7%b1%b3-hubbard-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%ef%bc%9a%e7%b0%a1%e5%96%ae%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%ba%8b%e5%af%a6%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32901","title":{"rendered":"Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u5728\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u7531\u76f4\u89ba\u8ddf\u89e3\u6790\u89e3\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33201\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33201\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"312\" data-wp-pid=\"33201\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure1. \uff08photo credit: \u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u7e6a\uff09<br \/> \u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7576\u7cfb\u7d71\u6c92\u6709\u8e8d\u9077\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u4fbf\u662f\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u4f54\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6676\u683c\u9ede\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u5169\u7bc7\u6696\u8eab\uff0c\u6709\u5fcd\u4f4f\u8b80\u5b8c\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u7a0d\u5fae\u5c0d Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8003\u616e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7c92\u5b50\u5011\u63db\u6210\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u8207\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u524d\u8005\u9075\u5b88\u5e96\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff08Pauli Exclusion Principle\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5c07\u5927\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u57fa\u614b\u7269\u8cea\u76f8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8209\u500b\u5be6\u969b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u4e0d\u5e36\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u5247\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u80fd\u91cf\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u5207\u5408\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8003\u616e\u81ea\u65cb 1\/2 \u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7d50\u69cb\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\uff081\uff09\u9019\u7a2e Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ddf\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u76f8\u5716\uff08phase diagram\uff09; \uff082\uff09\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u89e3\u958b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u8207\u860a\u85cf\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u984c\u6750\u7684\u6d69\u5927\u8207\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u53c8\u5c07\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u7d30\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u4f46\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u5c07\u5f9e\u81e8\u754c\u73fe\u8c61\uff08critical phenomenon\uff09\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u8b8a\u5316\uff08quantum phase transition\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd1\u5e74\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u8ddf\u524d\u6587\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u5c0d\u6297\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u6676\u683c\u4e0a\u8df3\u8e8d\u7684\u80fd\u529b t\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u9593\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6 U\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u5206\u5225\u5206\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6548\u61c9\u4f54\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u53bb\u63a8\u6e2c\u7576\u5169\u8005\u65d7\u9f13\u76f8\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u8a72\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09 U=0 \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6975\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u5011\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5c0d\u65b9\u3002\uff08\u9019\u500b\u9673\u8ff0\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7cbe\u78ba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u7e3d\u662f\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u540c\u985e\u5011\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5b83\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u9075\u5b88\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u3002\uff09\u591a\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u7b49\u6548\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u653e\u9032\u53bb\u9019\u500b\u80fd\u968e\u3002\u548c\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u554f\u984c\u7684\u76f8\u7570\u8655\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u4efb\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4f54\u64da\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u55ae\u7c92\u5b50\u614b\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u52e2\u88ab\u8abf\u6574\u5f97\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u5404\u6709 <em>N<\/em> \u500b\u81ea\u65cb\u671d\u4e0a\u8ddf\u671d\u4e0b\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u5247\u57fa\u614b\u4e2d\u6703\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u5011\u6703\u4e00\u8def\u586b\u6eff\u6700\u4f4e\u7684 <em>N<\/em> \u500b\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u6d77\uff08Fermi sea\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09t=0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6975\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u57fa\u614b\u554f\u984c\u8b8a\u6210\u8981\u59a5\u5584\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u5011\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5118\u91cf\u5730\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u65a5\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528U\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0a\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u8207\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0b\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u8655\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u7e3d\u7c92\u5b50\u6578\u5c11\u65bc\u7e3d\u7bc0\u9ede\u6578\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u81f3\u591a\u53ea\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u4f54\u64da\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u57fa\u614b\u80fd\u91cfE = 0 * U = 0\u3002\u8207\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7121\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u614b\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7c21\u4f75\u614b\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u662f\u500b\u9806\u78c1\u6027\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33202\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33202\" style=\"width: 927px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33202\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"927\" height=\"435\" data-wp-pid=\"33202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2.png 927w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2-800x375.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 927px) 100vw, 927px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><br \/>Figure2. \u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u5e36\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5168\u90e8\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6703\u4e00\u8def\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u6d77\u3002\uff08photo credit: \u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u7e6a\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u8ddf\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u500b\u6578\u4e00\u6a23\u591a\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u53eb\u505a\u534a\u586b\u6eff\uff08Half-filled\uff09\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u64c1\u6709\u8e8d\u9077\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8ddf\u53ea\u6709\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f4d\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u78c1\u6027\uff08\u6216\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u9802\u591a\u662f\u9806\u78c1\u6027\u3002\uff09\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u8005\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u9435\u78c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u9435\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616eU\/t\u226b1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f t\u22600 \u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8e8d\u9077\u5e38\u6578\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7a7f\u96a7\u5230\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u4ee3\u6578\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u52d5\u80fd\u9805\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u548c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u91cd\u5408\u5ea6\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u770b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u534a\u586b\u6eff\uff0c\u90a3\u5728\u5169\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u7d44\u614b\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\uff081\uff09\u5169\u500b\u81ea\u65cb\u540c\u5411\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u5169\u500b\u81ea\u65cb\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5206\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u5728 t=0 \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u662f\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u5206\u5225\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u628a\u6253\u958b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684 <em>t<\/em>\uff0c \u4e8b\u60c5\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5e96\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\uff1a\u5728 t=0 \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u5169\u8005\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u52d5\u80fd\u9805\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u6b21\u8e8d\u9077\u653e\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u88ab\u5e96\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf <em>U<\/em> \u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u8ddf\u539f\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u758a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u52d5\u80fd\u9805\u5c0d\u65bc\u57fa\u614b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8e8d\u9077\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5230\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7d44\u614b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8ddf\u539f\u72c0\u614b\u7522\u751f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u7a0d\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba t<sup>2<\/sup>\/U\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728 t=0 \u7684\u6975\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\uff081\uff09\u8ddf\uff082\uff09\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\uff08\u90fd\u662f 0\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6253\u958b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684 <em>t<\/em> \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff081\uff09\u4e0d\u70ba\u6240\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\uff082\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8e8d\u9077\u904e\u7a0b\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684 <em>t<\/em> \u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u504f\u597d\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u9435\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u504f\u597d\u67d0\u4e9b\u81ea\u65cb\u7d44\u614b\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7e3d\u78c1\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6839\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6676\u683c\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u534a\u586b\u6eff\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u53cd\u9435\u78c1\u76f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4e9e\u9435\u78c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u8a08\u756b\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a5f\u5236\u7372\u5f97\u4e9e\u9435\u78c1\u6216\u8005\u9435\u78c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33203\" style=\"width: 442px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33203\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"721\" data-wp-pid=\"33203\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure3. \u672c\u5716\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u5448\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8e8d\u9077\u5e38\u6578\u4e0b\uff0c\u534a\u586b\u6eff\u7684 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u5716\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u57fa\u614b\u80fd\u91cf\u3002(Photo credit: \u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u7e6a)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>H. Tasaki, arXiv: cond-mat\/9512169 (1997).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u5168\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u3127\uff09\uff1a\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u73bb\u8272 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u56db\uff09\uff1a\u8cbb\u7c73 Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08\u4e0b\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e94\uff09\uff1a\u81ea\u65cb\u6db2\u9ad4\u8207\u50f9\u9375\u56fa\u9ad4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>--<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u9003\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u5439\u98a8\u5439\u96ea\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u96e2\u958b\u81fa\u7063\u5f8c\u7121\u6d77\u53ef\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u6e56\u65c1\u63c0\u4e00\u65b9\u5824\u5cb8\uff0c\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u770b\u6d77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u5169\u7bc7\u6696\u8eab\uff0c\u6709\u5fcd\u4f4f\u8b80\u5b8c\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u7a0d\u5fae\u5c0d Hubbard \u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8003\u616e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7c92\u5b50\u5011\u63db\u6210\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":33201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,39],"tags":[3998,1536,2793],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32901"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32901"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33399,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32901\/revisions\/33399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}