{"id":32852,"date":"2018-10-26T00:58:52","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T16:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32852"},"modified":"2018-11-02T15:20:30","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T07:20:30","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%81%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911955-%e5%b9%b4-10%e6%9c%88-19-%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%a3%e5%b8%83%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be%e5%8f%8d%e8%b3%aa%e5%ad%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32852","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5341\u6708\u30111955 \u5e74 10\u6708 19 \u65e5\uff1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u767c\u73fe\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1955 \u5e74 10\u6708 19 \u65e5\uff1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u767c\u73fe\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea&nbsp;<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2016 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u70ba\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u6578\u3002\u4f46\u7576 1928 \u5e74\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\uff08Paul Dirac\uff0c1902-1984\uff09\u4ee5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8aaa\u660e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6027\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u5167\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6642\uff0c\u770b\u6cd5\u5c31\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u8aaa\uff0c\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u6210\u5c0d\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u96fb\u8377\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728 \u2500 \u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u53ea\u82b1\u4e86 4 \u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u30021932 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Carl D. Anderson\uff0c1905-1991\uff09\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4e00\u5f35\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff1a\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7c92\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u671d\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6700\u521d\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u9694\u5e74\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u6b64\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u70ba\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u65bc 1936 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u6642\u5e74 31 \u6b72\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5f97\u734e\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u65e9 3 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6210\u529f\u5f8c\u8b93\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u53ef\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u8cea\u5b50\u4e0a \u2500 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5920\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52de\u502b\u65af\uff08Ernest O. Lawrence\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u52a0\u5dde\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u7684\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u7522 20 \u5104\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u8cea\u5b50-\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5668\u53eb\u505a\u8c9d\u4f10\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff08Bevatron\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u7576\u6642 10 \u5104\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u7e2e\u5beb\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u662fBeV\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u7a31\u4e4b\u70baGeV\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8ca0\u8cac\u5c0b\u627e\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff1a\u6d1b\u592b\u683c\u502b\uff08Edward Lofgren\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u585e\u683c\u5217\uff08Emilio Segre\uff09\u548c\u5f35\u4f2f\u502b\uff08Owen Chamberlain\uff09\u5e36\u9818\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u8c9d\u4f10\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u6709\u9ad8\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6311\u6230\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5343\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u78b0\u649e\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u8cea\u5b50\u63a5\u89f8\u76f8\u4e92\u6e6e\u6ec5\u5f8c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e2d\u53bb\u5075\u6e2c\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5f88\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u6e2c\u91cf\u5169\u500b\u6027\u8cea\uff1a\u52d5\u91cf\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u57fa\u65bc\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u96fb\u8377\u4f86\u505a\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u500b\u5718\u968a\u90fd\u9078\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u7cbe\u5fc3\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u78c1\u56db\u6975\u900f\u93e1\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u6e2c\u91cf\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u7576\u8cea\u5b50\u675f\u548c\u9285\u6a19\u9776\u78b0\u649e\u6642\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u788e\u7247\u6703\u56db\u8655\u98db\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u52d5\u91cf\u5340\u9593\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u788e\u7247\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u900f\u93e1\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8ca0\u7c92\u5b50\u504f\u8f49\u901a\u904e\u6e96\u8cea\u5100\u5b54\uff0c\u6b63\u7c92\u5b50\u5247\u88ab\u64cb\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32860\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32860\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32860\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/010-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"340\" data-wp-pid=\"32860\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32860\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: PICRYL\u2019s archive of photos<br \/>1965\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u8a2a\u5ba2\u5361\u723e\u73bb\uff08Manuel Calvo\uff09\u548c\u5f35\u4f2f\u502b\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u585e\u683c\u5217\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u5408\u7167<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u901f\u5ea6\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u9583\u5149\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u4f86\u6e2c\u5b9a\u7c92\u5b50\u7d93\u904e\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u8ddd 12 \u516c\u5c3a\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u8fa8 \u03c0 \u4ecb\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb 11 \u5948\u79d2\u8d70\u5b8c\u5168\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5169\u500b \u03c0 \u4ecb\u5b50\u985e\u4f3c\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5169\u500b\u5951\u5fcd\u53ef\u592b\u8f3b\u5c04\uff08Cerenkov radiation\uff09\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u6db2\u614b\u6c1f\u78b3\u5316\u7269\u7576\u4ecb\u8cea\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u82f1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c07\u6e2c\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u5feb\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7528\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u90a3\u4e9b\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5075\u6e2c\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u6703\u914d\u7f6e\u53e6\u4e00\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9053\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7167\u76f8\u4e73\u81a0\u628a\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u8cea\u5b50-\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u5c0d\u76f8\u4e92\u6e6e\u6ec5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u661f\u578b\u8a0a\u865f\u6311\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u500b\u5718\u968a\u65bc 1955 \u5e74 8 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\u65e5\uff0c\u585e\u683c\u5217\u548c\u5f35\u4f2f\u502b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f2a\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4fee\u5fa9\u597d\uff0c\u6d1b\u592b\u683c\u502b\u5373\u6177\u6168\u5730\u8b93\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u675f\u6392\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u90a3\u662f\u5177\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u8f2a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u8981\u5f9e\u6210\u5343\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u62db\u52df\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u592a\u592a\uff0c\u4f86\u548c\u9019\u5927\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a5f\u5668\uff08\u7dbd\u865f\u300c\u602a\u7269\u300d\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8ffd\u5c0b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8e64\u8de1\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u8173\u8e0f\u677f\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u6253\u5b54\u5728 IBM \u7684\u5361\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u91cd\u5efa\u90a3\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u8e64\u8de1\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e73\u81a0\u5f71\u50cf\u4ee5\u78ba\u8a8d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6e6e\u6ec5\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u8a08\u585e\u683c\u5217\u548c\u5f35\u4f2f\u502b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5075\u6e2c\u5230 60 \u500b\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u65bc 1955 \u5e74 10 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u7684\u8a18\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u6703\u5ba3\u4f48\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8ad6\u6587\u65bc 11 \u6708 1 \u65e5\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8a55\u8ad6\u5feb\u5831\u300b\uff08<em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>\uff09\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u8ddd\u8ad6\u6587\u9001\u51fa\u5f8c\u50c5 8 \u5929\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u767c\u73fe\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u982d\u7248\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u7576\u5730\u300a\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5831\u300b\uff08<em>Berkeley Gazette<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8a18\u8005\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u7269\u8cea\/\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u6e6e\u6ec5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u5ba3\u7a31\u5b83\u662f\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u300d\uff0c\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5047\u5982\u4eba\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u6703\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u585e\u683c\u5217\u548c\u5f35\u4f2f\u502b\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u56e0\u6b64\u767c\u73fe\u7372\u5f97\u4e86 1959 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8c9d\u4f10\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u8f49\u4e86 40 \u5e74\uff0c\u65bc 1971 \u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u6539\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u96e2\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u5668\u3002\u8cea\u5b50\u675f\u6b63\u5f0f\u65bc 1993 \u5e74\u95dc\u9589\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u6700\u5f8c\u65bc 2011 \u5e74\u62c6\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32861\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32861\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32861 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/010-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"326\" data-wp-pid=\"32861\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Lawrence Berkeley Nat\u2019l Lab<br \/> \u67cf\u514b\u840a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d1b\u592b\u683c\u502b\u548c\u99ac\u53ef\u5bc6\u502b\uff08Edward McMillan\uff09\u5728\u8c9d\u4f10\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u5c4f\u853d\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u99ac\u53ef\u5bc6\u502b\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u7684\u5171\u540c\u767c\u660e\u8005\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<br 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