{"id":32833,"date":"2018-10-23T00:25:57","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T16:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32833"},"modified":"2018-10-18T15:03:10","modified_gmt":"2018-10-18T07:03:10","slug":"%e8%98%ad%e9%81%93%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b8%e7%af%84%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e8%b2%bb%e7%b1%b3%e6%b6%b2%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=32833","title":{"rendered":"\u862d\u9053\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\uff08\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u25a0\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u4f46\u6b77\u4e45\u5f4c\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u9ede\u5e73\u5e38\u5927\u5bb6\u5634\u4e2d\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u6642\u5019\u7b46\u8005\u6703\u7336\u8c6b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u9bae\u7684\u9ede\u5b50\u9084\u662f\u82b1\u9ede\u6642\u9593\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u6587\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u5c31\u5b78\u7fd2\u7269\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u8457\u58a8\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b0\u77e5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9d28\u5b50\u807d\u96f7\u4e8b\u5c0f\uff0c\u9053\u807d\u5857\u8aaa\u3001\u4ee5\u8a1b\u50b3\u8a1b\u5c31\u5c31\u8207\u79d1\u666e\u7684\u539f\u610f\u5357\u8f45\u5317\u8f4d\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8457\u58a8\u65bc\u5c0d\u7b46\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u5f88\u5403\u529b\u4e0d\u8a0e\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4f86\u4e26\u4e0d\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f86\u6210\u6587\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5df2\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u737b\u53ef\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u7684\u5256\u6790\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u9084\u8981\u6df1\u523b\u2014\u6700\u7701\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e1f\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8b93\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\u53bb\u7d30\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7576\u904e\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u660e\u767d\u2014\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5e73\u767d\u6c92\u4e8b\u6703\u53bb\u627e\uff08\u539f\u6587\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u53c8\u5145\u6eff\u6578\u5b78\u7684\uff09\u66f8\u770b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8c\u7d50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5e7e\u9031\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u82b1\u9ede\u6642\u9593\u8b1b\u9ede\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b46\u8005\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u672a\u7d93\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6bd4\u5927\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u96e3\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u537b\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6709\u76f4\u89ba\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\uff08fermi liquid\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u5176\u5be6\u8ddf\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08E. 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paradigms\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6253\u8da3\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u862d\u9053\u5728\u51dd\u614b\u7269\u7406\u5167\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5207\u78ba\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e8c\u9ad4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u91d1\u5c6c\u6027\u8cea\u6700\u6700\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u505a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u862d\u9053\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5beb\u4e0b\u5f88\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6838\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5eab\u502b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u5806\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u9ad4\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u6578\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u862d\u9053\u53c3\u6578\uff08 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parameters\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u591a\u82b1\u5e7e\u884c\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u862d\u9053\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8b93\u6574\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u5f8c\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u632f\u5e45\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u53bb\u8a08\u7b97\u6563\u5c04\u632f\u5e45\u3002\u862d\u9053\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f46\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f0f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u2014\u5728\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u862d\u9053\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u6563\u5c04\u632f\u5e45\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32843\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32843\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fig1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"340\" data-wp-pid=\"32843\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure1. 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(i) \u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6c23\u9ad4 (ii) \u672a\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7684\u5eab\u502b\u6c23\u9ad4\u5169\u8005\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u5011\u9593\u9084\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f9e\u5927\u4e00\u666e\u901a\u7269\u7406\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u82e5\u4f60\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u8377\u653e\u5230\u4ecb\u96fb\u8cea\u4e2d\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u7684\u96fb\u8377\u5011\u50be\u5411\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u4f48\u53bb\u5c4f\u853d\u9019\u500b\u5916\u4f86\u96fb\u8377\u3002\u5728\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\u9593\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5eab\u502b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u539f\u4f86\u300c\u88f8\u9732\u300d\u7684\u5eab\u502b\u4f5c\u7528\u5f31\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u601d\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u862d\u9053\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684\u6975\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u52d5\u91cf\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u8207\u5e96\u529b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5728\u8cbb\u7c73\u9762\uff08Fermi surface\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6e96\u7c92\u5b50\uff08quasi-particles\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6e96\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u614b\u8ddf\u539f\u672c\u7c21\u4f75\u8cbb\u7c73\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u614b\u662f\u7d55\u71b1\uff08adiabatically\uff09\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a71\u8b1b\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8ddf\u8cbb\u7c73\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u500b\u6c92\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff08free theory\uff09\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u8cbb\u7c73\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u771f\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u88ab\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7684\u300c\u6e96\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300c\u6e96\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u55ae\u7d14\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u862d\u9053\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u80fd\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9810\u6e2c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u862d\u9053\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32839\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32839\" style=\"width: 271px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32839\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/figure2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"271\" height=\"300\" data-wp-pid=\"32839\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32839\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure2. \u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u9ad4\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\u5728\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u6563\u5c04\u632f\u5e45\u7684\u91cf\uff1a\u862d\u9053\u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>--<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u9003\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u5439\u98a8\u5439\u96ea\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u96e2\u958b\u81fa\u7063\u5f8c\u7121\u6d77\u53ef\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u6e56\u65c1\u63c0\u4e00\u65b9\u5824\u5cb8\uff0c\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u770b\u6d77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u5176\u5be6\u8ddf\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08E. Fermi\uff09\u672c\u4eba\u516b\u7aff\u5b50\u6253\u4e0d\u8457\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7576\u862d\u9053\uff08L. Landau\uff09\u5728\u7d04\u7565 1957 \u5e74\u5beb\u51fa\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5df2\u7d93\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\uff081901-1954\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u53c8\u662f\u862d\u9053\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u907a\u7522\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u8ddf\u862d\u9053\u76f8\u8b8a\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u7a31\u70ba\u862d\u9053\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff08Landau\u2019s paradigms\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6253\u8da3\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u862d\u9053\u5728\u51dd\u614b\u7269\u7406\u5167\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,39],"tags":[3979,3978],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fig1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32833"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32833"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32844,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32833\/revisions\/32844"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/32843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}