{"id":31240,"date":"2018-06-20T01:14:32","date_gmt":"2018-06-19T17:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=31240"},"modified":"2018-06-20T14:44:55","modified_gmt":"2018-06-20T06:44:55","slug":"%e3%80%90%e3%80%8a%e8%b6%85%e4%b9%8e%e6%83%b3%e5%83%8f%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e8%aa%b2%e3%80%8b%e6%9b%b8%e6%91%98%e3%80%91%e5%be%9e%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e6%9c%89%e7%84%a1%e9%99%90%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=31240","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u300a\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u8ab2\u300b\u66f8\u6458\u3011\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u6709\u7121\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u8aaa\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"1890 \u5e743 \u670811 \u65e5\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u5e02\u653f\u5ef3\u8209\u8fa6\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u6b77\u6642\u4e94\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5bb4\u6703\uff0c\u53d7\u9080\u7684\u5609\u8cd3\u9ad8\u9054\u767e\u4f4d\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4e8b\u5f8c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u300c\u9019\u5927\u6982\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u83ef\u9e97\u76db\u5bb4\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u665a\u5bb4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b1b\u8005\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff08August Wilhelm von Hofmann\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8d6b\u8d6b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\uff08Justus von Liebig\uff09\u7684\u5f97\u610f\u9580\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u73fe\u5e74\u4e03\u5341\u4e00\u6b72\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u9577\u8def\u5c07\u76e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u505a\u4e86\u500b\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u958b\u5834\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u662f\u4e5d\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b1b\u8005\u662f\u502b\u6566\u5316\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u6703\u9577\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u89c0\u773e\u5c55\u793a\u5f9e\u82f1\u570b\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u7ba1\u900f\u660e\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u516d\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7531\u767c\u73fe\u6b64\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff08Michael Faraday\uff09\u5c01\u88dd\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\u5247\u7531\u767c\u73fe\u5df4\u5fc5\u59a5\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u62dc\u723e\uff08Adolf von Baeyer\uff09\u4f86\u56de\u9867\u5316\u5b78\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u591a\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u795d\u8cc0\uff0c\u5411\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\uff08\u53731865 \u5e74\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u67d0\u9805\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6700\u5f8c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u8d77\u8eab\u81f4\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d\u7d33\u58eb\u7576\u5929\u8aaa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u5f8c\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u64da\u5e7e\u5929\u6216\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u591a\u65b9\u7d00\u9304\u63e3\u6e2c\u3002\u5c31\u9023\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5982\u9019\u4e9b\u7d00\u9304\u8aaa\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a71\u90fd\u96e3\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u641e\u4e0d\u597d\u5f8c\u4f86\u5225\u4eba\u8acb\u4ed6\u70ba\u520a\u7269\u5beb\u4e0b\u8b1b\u7a3f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u675c\u64b0\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u665a\u5bb4\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u53c8\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ca0\u8cac\u5c07\u90a3\u5929\u767c\u8868\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5831\u544a\u96c6\u7d50\u6210\u518a\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8349\u7a3f\u9001\u7d66\u5fb7\u570b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u517c\u66a2\u92b7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u8cfd\u5fb7\u723e\uff08Heinrich Seidel\uff09\u904e\u76ee\uff0c\u60f3\u8acb\u5c0d\u65b9\u6f64\u7b46\u3002\u8cfd\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u56de\u8986\u537b\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u8208\u5473\u76ce\u7136\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9019\u4f4d\u8cb4\u8cd3\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u6211\u5f97\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5982\u6b64\u9a55\u50b2\u81ea\u6200\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u624d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u2026\u2026\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u8ffd\u9010\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u904e\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u958b\u59cb\u9818\u53d71950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7a81\u7834DNA \u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u5b78\u9032\u5c55\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u53d7\u60e0\u65bc1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u800c1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5247\u6e90\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

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1865 \u5e74\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6709\u8cf4\u5148\u524d\u5c07\u8fd1\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u523b\u82e6\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u59cb\u81ea\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\u3001\u70cf\u52d2\uff08Friedrich W\u00f6hler\uff09\u548c\u745e\u5178\u7684\u8c9d\u5409\u91cc\u65af\uff08J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u4e09\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u675c\u99ac\uff08Jean-Baptiste Dumas\uff09\u3001\u7f85\u676d\uff08Auguste Laurent\uff09\u548c\u683c\u54c8\u7279\uff08Charles Gerhardt\uff09\u767c\u63da\u5149\u5927\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6027\u683c\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea4\u4e92\u6fc0\u76ea\uff0c\u5bcc\u542b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6fc0\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9084\u4e0d\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u723e\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u64da\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

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1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9019\u5834\u76db\u6703\u6176\u795d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u548c\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u82f1\u570b\u528d\u6a4b\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u770b\u904e\u83ef\u68ee\uff08James Watson\uff09\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u514b\uff08Francis Crick\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684DNA \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5408\u7167\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u61c2\u5f97\u7528\u91d1\u5c6c\u68cd\u548c\u932b\u7247\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u95dc1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u548c1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u6a23\u6ce5\u6fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u3001\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u524d\u8005\u4e8b\u9694\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u89d2\u5747\u5df2\u4f5c\u53e4\uff0c\u8f03\u4e0d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u77e5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff08Rosalind Franklin\uff09\u5728DNA \u4e0a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u5426\u906d\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u62b9\u715e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8b70\u9032\u5165\u5922\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u8b0e\u5718\u3002\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u5e74\u90a3\u5834\u665a\u5bb4\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5439\u6367\u662f\u5426\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u537b\u662f\u5fc5\u7d93\u4e4b\u8def\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u9805\u79d1\u5b78\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u7d42\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u80fd\u5920\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u8089\u773c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u7a2e\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5206\u5b50\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7adf\u80fd\u91cd\u898b\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8aaa\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u52dd\u4ed7\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\u5230\u529f\u52de\u8a72\u7b97\u8ab0\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u5bb4\u7684\u8cb4\u8cd3\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u662f\u906d\u4eba\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u64ca\u70ba\u4eba\u4e0d\u516c\u3001\u6436\u8d70\u529f\u52de\u7684\u514b\u53e4\u5217\uff08August Kekul\u00e9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u662f1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u9020\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5148\u524d\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u6b72\u6708\u3002\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u8a8d\u8b58\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6d6e\u83ef\u4e0d\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u6700\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u5708\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53ea\u7565\u6709\u8033\u805e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u807d\u90fd\u6c92\u807d\u904e\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u5920\u5168\u76e4\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u500b\u7d93\u904e\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66ab\u4e14\u5012\u56de\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u4e45\u9060\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--\u66f8\u7c4d\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f8\u540d\uff1a\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u8ab2\uff1a\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u3001\u9053\u8033\u9813\u3001\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u548c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff01
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u5df4\u91d1\u6f22 \/John Buckingham
\n\u8b6f\u8005\uff1a \u674e\u7950\u6148
\n\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a\u5929\u4e0b\u6587\u5316<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u25b6\u25b6\u5feb\u4f86\u53c3\u52a0\uff1aCASE\u9031\u9031\u9001\u597d\u66f8\u6d3b\u52d5<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u7121\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u4eba\u7121\u8b02\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u800c\u70ba\u4eba\u907a\u5fd8\uff0c\u76f4\u52301850 \u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5148\u524d\u53d7\u4eba\u5ffd\u8996\u9577\u9054\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\uff08Amedeo Avogadro\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u624d\u7531\u540c\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7c4d\u7684\u5929\u624d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u574e\u5c3c\u4e4d\u82e5\uff08Stanislao Cannizzaro\uff09\u5f37\u8abf\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u537b\u9060\u6bd4\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u5bb4\u6f14\u8b1b\u6240\u8a34\u8aaa\u7684\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":31242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,32,3293],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/0000.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31240"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31240"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31269,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31240\/revisions\/31269"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/31242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}