{"id":31215,"date":"2018-08-08T00:39:40","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T16:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=31215"},"modified":"2018-08-29T17:07:54","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T09:07:54","slug":"%e6%a7%8b%e9%80%a0%e7%b0%a1%e5%96%ae%ef%bc%8c%e5%bf%83%e6%a9%9f%e5%8d%bb%e4%b8%8d%e7%b0%a1%e5%96%ae%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%8a%e5%bd%a2%e8%9f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=31215","title":{"rendered":"\u69cb\u9020\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5fc3\u6a5f\u537b\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_31216\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31216\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31216\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/01-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31216\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4 (Dictyostelium discoideum) \u96c6\u7d50\u6210\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u6642\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0cQueller\/Strassmann Lab, Photographed by Usman Bashir (CC-ASA-4.0)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u4e2d\u6a1e\u795e\u7d93\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4 (social amoeba) \u8aa0\u5982\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u540c\u6642\u7cbe\u901a\u300c\u6566\u89aa\u7766\u9130\u300d\u548c\u300c\u52fe\u5fc3\u9b25\u89d2\u300d\u7b87\u4e2d\u7384\u6a5f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u3002 \u6b64\u8a71\u600e\u8b1b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9673\u7469<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2 (amoeba\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u539f\u87f2) \u662f\u73fe\u751f\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u69cb\u9020\u6700\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269 (eukaryote) \u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2\u6709\u5343\u5343\u842c\u842c\u7a2e\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u614b\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u8457\u64e0\u58d3\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7522\u751f\u300c\u507d\u8db3\u300d(Pseudopodia) \u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2\u7576\u4e2d\u540d\u8072\u6700\u97ff\u4eae\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u88e1\uff0c\u6703\u5bb3\u4eba\u4e0a\u5410\u4e0b\u7009\u75db\u4e0d\u6b32\u751f\u7684\u75c5\u6e90\u300c\u75e2\u75be\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u539f\u87f2\u300d(*Entamoeba histolytica*) \uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u539f\u767c\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u8166\u819c\u708e\uff08primary amoebic meningoencephalitis) \u3001\u4fd7\u7a31\u5403\u8166\u87f2\u7684\u300c\u798f\u6c0f\u8010\u683c\u91cc\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u300d(*Naegleria fowleri*) \u5427\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u56de\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f4f\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u88e1\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u300d(social amoeba, *Dictyostelium discoideum*) \u7684\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2 (\u5716\u4e00)\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2\uff0c\u7576\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u767c\u73fe\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u55ae\u6253\u7368\u9b25\u62fc\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5de6\u9130\u53f3\u820d\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5168\u90e8\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u578b\u9177\u4f3c\u86de\u8753 (slug) \u7684\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u9077\u5f99\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u50cf\u9999\u83c7\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u69cb\u9020 (fruiting body)\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5b62\u5b50 (spores)\uff0c\u8b93\u5f8c\u4ee3\u5b50\u5b6b\u5011\u81ea\u6c42\u591a\u798f (\u5716\u4e8c)\u3002\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u500b\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u5230\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u96bb\u5b8c\u6574\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u50c5\u9700 12 \u5c0f\u6642\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u5f9e 1935 \u5e74\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u767c\u80b2\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u7d55\u597d\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31217\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31217\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31217\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/02-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/02-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/02-2-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u539f\u87f2\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7c21\u5716\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0cuser:Hideshi (CC-ASA-3.0)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u5728\u96c6\u7d50\u6210\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6709 20%<br \/>\n\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8b8a\u5316\u6210\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u6897\u300d(stalk) \uff0c\u652f\u6490\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u500b\u9ad4\u8b8a\u5316\u7522\u751f\u5b62\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba (altruism) \uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u958b\u59cb\u5f15\u8d77\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5fc5\u6709\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8655\u5fc5\u6709\u6b3a\u9a19\u30022011 \u5e74\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8853\u6b0a\u5a01\u671f\u520a\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u300d(Science) \uff0c\u520a\u8f09\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u63a8\u6e2c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u6f14\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u900f\u904e\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65b7\u8f49\u6b96\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u591a\u500b\u5404\u81ea\u5e36\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u652f\u7cfb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8feb\u4f7f\u7a81\u8b8a\u652f\u7cfb\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u6bcd\u682a\u500b\u9ad4\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b83\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2 (relativeness) \u5f88\u4f4e\u6642\uff0c\u8a50\u9a19\u64fa\u721b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u9811\u56fa\u5805\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8b8a\u6210\u751f\u7522\u5b62\u5b50\u524d\u9a45\u7d30\u80de (prespore cells)\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u9867\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\u81ea\u9867\u81ea\u5730\u8d85\u91cf\u88fd\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7279\u5225\u5e38\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u88e1\u8a50\u9a19\u4efd\u5b50\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u52e2\u5fc5\u7121\u6cd5\u5408\u4f5c\u7d44\u6210\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u7684\u4e92\u52a9\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u5b58\u7e8c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ddf\u879e\u87fb\u3001\u871c\u8702\u7b49\u7b49\u793e\u6703\u6027\u6606\u87f2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u89aa\u64c7 (kin-selection) \u6c70\u9078\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2\u5011\u6240\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\u7d44\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u8ca0\u8cac\u7522\u751f\u5b62\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4eba\u70ba\u71df\u9020\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u63a8\u8ad6\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u4e00\u6a23\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7d44\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u8056\u8def\u6613\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u9818\u8ecd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5f9e\u7dad\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5dde\u5c71\u6e56\u751f\u7269\u7ad9 (Mountain Lake Biological Station) \u571f\u58e4\u88e1\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u591a\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u91ce\u5916\u54c1\u7cfb\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5fb7\u5dde\u548c\u54e5\u65af\u5927\u9ece\u52a0\u63a1\u96c6\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u5229\u7528 RNA-Seq \u6280\u8853\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u6f14\u5316\u8b8a\u7570\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u7d14\u7cfb\u548c\u96dc\u4ea4\u54c1\u7cfb\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6709 79 \u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u91cf\u6709\u660e\u986f\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u9069\u61c9\u6f14\u5316 (adaptive evolution) \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u9019 79 \u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8a50\u6b3a\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u8db3\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u6697\u85cf\u4e00\u5957\u548c\u300c\u975e\u6211\u65cf\u985e\u300d\u5408\u4f5c\u6642\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5f9e\u91ce\u5916\u63a1\u96c6\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u88e1\uff0c\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u6897\u524d\u9a45\u7d30\u80de (prestalk cells) \u548c\u5b62\u5b50\u524d\u9a45\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u975e\u540c\u7fa9\u57fa\u56e0\u591a\u6a23\u6027 (nonsynonymous diversity, \u03c0N) \u5dee\u7570\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u89aa\u64c7\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u503c\u5927\u81f4\u543b\u5408\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u4f30\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5929\u64c7\u529b\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u6897\u524d\u9a45\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u5b62\u5b50\u524d\u9a45\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u9593\u975e\u540c\u7fa9\u57fa\u56e0\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u9ad8\u9054\u56db\u500d\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u4eca\u5e74 (2018) \u4e09\u6708\u51fa\u520a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6b0a\u5a01\u671f\u520a\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u520a\u300d(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u570b\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6f22\u83ab\u9813 (William Hamilton, 1936\uff0d2000) \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u7576\u52d5\u7269\u500b\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e58\u4e0a\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4fc2\u6578\u6703\u5927\u65bc\u58de\u8655\u6642\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u5c31\u80fd\u514b\u670d\u5929\u64c7\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e16\u4ee3\u50b3\u905e\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u9019\u5957\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u5f8c\u4e16\u7a31\u70ba\u6f22\u83ab\u9813\u6cd5\u5247 (Hamilton\u2019s rule) \uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u879e\u87fb\u3001\u871c\u8702\u7b49\u7b49\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u96d9\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71 (haplodiploidy) \u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u771f\u793e\u6703\u6606\u87f2\u6703\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u767d\u87fb (termites) \u548c\u88f8\u96b1\u9f20 (naked mole-rats) \u7b49\u7b49\u540c\u6a23\u4ee5\u771f\u793e\u6703\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u537b\u662f\u63a1\u884c\u96d9\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71 (diplodiploidy) \u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f8b\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6f22\u83ab\u9813\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u77e5\u540d\u793e\u6703\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8005\u5a01\u723e\u68ee (E. O. Wilson)\u3002\u9019\u9805\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4\u96c6\u7d50\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f\u5e6b\u6f22\u83ab\u9813\u6cd5\u5247\u6273\u56de\u4e00\u57ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kuzdzal-Fick, J. J., Fox, S. A., Strassmann, J. E., &amp; Queller, D. C. (2011). High relatedness is necessary and sufficient to maintain multicellularity in Dictyostelium. Science, 334(6062), 1548-1551<\/li>\n<li>Noh, S., Geist, K. S., Tian, X., Strassmann, J. E., &amp; Queller, D. C. (2018). Genetic signatures of microbial altruism and cheating in social amoebas in the wild. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201720324. http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2018\/02\/28\/1720324115<\/li>\n<li>Nowak, M. A., Tarnita, C. E., &amp; Wilson, E. O. (2010). The evolution of eusociality. Nature, 466(7310), 1057.<\/li>\n<li>Williams, J. G. (2010). *Dictyostelium* finds new roles to model. Genetics, 185(3), 717-726.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2907197\/<\/li>\n<li>Vidyasagar, A. (2016). What is an Amoeba? Live Science.&nbsp; https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/54281-amoeba-definition.html (Accessed on 26 May 2018)<\/li>\n<li>\u65bd\u79c0\u60e0\uff0c(2013) \u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u2014\u5f9e\u5403\u8166\u87f2\u53f0\u7063\u9996\u4f8b\u8ac7\u77e5\u7684\u6b0a\u5229. \u79d1\u6280\u5831\u5c0e\u7b2c382\u671f. http:\/\/scitechreports.blogspot.com\/2013\/12\/blog-post_3041.html (Accessed on 29 May 2018)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>--<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u7469\u3000\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u614b\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u5fb7\u502b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u73fe\u70ba\u8036\u9b6f-\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u9662\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u4e2d\u6a1e\u795e\u7d93\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u963f\u7c73\u5df4 (social amoeba) \u8aa0\u5982\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u540c\u6642\u7cbe\u901a\u300c\u6566\u89aa\u7766\u9130\u300d\u548c\u300c\u52fe\u5fc3\u9b25\u89d2\u300d\u7b87\u4e2d\u7384\u6a5f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u3002 \u6b64\u8a71\u600e\u8b1b\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":31218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,2977,26],"tags":[3897,3896,118,3894,3895],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/00-3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31215"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31215"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32477,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31215\/revisions\/32477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/31218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}