{"id":30926,"date":"2018-06-11T00:33:49","date_gmt":"2018-06-10T16:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30926"},"modified":"2022-10-11T13:17:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T05:17:03","slug":"%e6%b5%b7%e6%b4%8b%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%ef%bc%9a%e5%b0%8b%e6%89%be%e6%b1%aa%e6%b4%8b%e8%a3%a1%e7%9a%84%e7%84%a1%e5%bd%a2%e4%b9%8b%e7%89%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30926","title":{"rendered":"\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b78\uff1a\u5c0b\u627e\u6c6a\u6d0b\u88e1\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u4e4b\u7246"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_30928\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30928\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30928\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/\u5716\u4e00-figure-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30928\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u8499\u7279\u5229\u7063 (Monterey Bay) \u6d3b\u8df3\u8df3\u7684\u745e\u6c0f\u6d77\u8c5a (\u4ea6\u7a31\u82b1\u7d0b\u6d77\u8c5a)\uff0c\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u6771\u5cb8\u7684\u540c\u7a2e\u6d77\u8c5a\u5206\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4 (\u8a73\u8ff0\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u4e94)\u3002(\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aJean@Flickr, CC-BY-2.0,)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u5730\u7403\u5927\u9678\u677f\u584a\u6f02\u79fb\u548c\u5cf6\u5dbc\u5730\u7406\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9020\u5c31\u7684\u9678\u751f\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u8457\u8ff7\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u5927\u6d77\u7121\u908a\u7121\u969b\uff0c\u6d77\u88e1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9673\u7469<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u65bc\u897f\u71b1\u5e36\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u5a46\u7f85\u6d32\u548c\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\u6c23\u5019\u5730\u5f62\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5cf6\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u76f8 (biota) \u537b\u8fe5\u7136\u76f8\u7570\uff1b\u6fb3\u6d32\u548c\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u5730\u5f62\u8fe5\u7136\u76f8\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u537b\u76f8\u5c0d\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u8af8\u5cf6\u5230\u8655\u63a1\u96c6\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u6a19\u672c\u8a0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u535a\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u83ef\u840a\u58eb (Alfred Russel Wallace, 1823\u20131913) \uff0c\u65bc 1855 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u6c99\u6488\u8d8a\u5b9a\u7406 (Sarawak Law)<sup>[<\/sup><sup>\u8a3b<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u3002\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u9060\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u9189\u5fc3\u65bc\u85e4\u58fa\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u52a0\u7dca\u901f\u5ea6\u767c\u8868\u9072\u9072\u4e0d\u6562\u516c\u958b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u65e5\u5f8c\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b78 (biogeography) \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u540c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5730\u7406\u9694\u96e2\u6703\u9020\u6210\u65cf\u7fa4\u9593\u751f\u6b96\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\u7d2f\u7a4d\u548c\u5929\u64c7\u6c70\u9078\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5730\u5340\u548c\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6108\u662f\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u5c31\u6108\u5927\u30022013 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e39\u9ea5\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f55\u7279 (Ben G. Holt) \u70ba\u9996\u7684\u8de8\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u65bc\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u300d(Science) \u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u842c\u7a2e\u9678\u751f\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u5206\u4f48\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u89aa\u7de3\u8b5c\u7cfb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u9678\u57df\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u5283\u5206\u6210\u5341\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340 (biogeographic realms) \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c (\u5716\u4e8c)\u3002\u4f55\u7279\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u6b78\u7d0d\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u65bc 1876 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u52d5\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac (Panamanian)\u3001\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f (Saharo-arabian)\u3001\u4e2d\u539f\u65e5\u672c (Sino-Japanse) \u548c\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32 (Oceanian) \u5206\u5225\u81ea\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u7684\u65b0\u71b1\u5e36 (Neotropical)\u3001\u53e4\u5317\u6975 (Palaearctic) \u53ca\u6fb3\u5927\u62c9\u897f\u4e9e (Australasia) \u7b49\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u7406\u5340\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4f55\u7279\u7b49\u4eba\u3001\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6578\u591a\u5982\u9ebb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u986f\u793a\u904e\u53bb\u5927\u9678\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u9678\u584a\u9593\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6b72\u6708\uff0c\u662f\u9678\u57df\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30929\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30929\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30929\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30929\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u9678\u57df\u52d5\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u3002\u4e0a\u65b9\u70ba 2013 \u5e74\u4f55\u7279 (Ben G. Holt) \u7b49\u4eba\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e0b\u65b9\u70ba 1876 \u5e74\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u4e0a\u5716\u51fa\u8655\u70ba Journal Science\/AAAS (CC-BY-3.0)\uff0c\u4e0b\u5716\u51fa\u81ea Wallace. 1876. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers.&nbsp; (public domain)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5ee3\u5e03\u5168\u7403 70% \u8868\u9762\u7a4d\u3001\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9023\u7e8c\u7121\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u51fa\u6578\u500b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u827e\u514b\u66fc (Sven Petrus Ekman, 1876\u20131964) \u900f\u904e\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u7d71\u6574\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u7684\u6982\u7565\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u6709\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u74b0\u5883\u689d\u4ef6 (\u50cf\u662f\u6d0b\u6d41\u3001\u6c34\u6eab\u3001\u6d77\u5e95\u5730\u5f62\u7b49\u7b49)\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5340\u57df\u7279\u6709\u7a2e\u8c50\u5bcc\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u4e00\u5e45\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5730\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71 (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS) \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u3001\u7e3d\u8a08\u516d\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u500b\u6d77\u6d0b\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u9ede\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5341\u500b\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6 (\u5716\u4e09)\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u7279\u6709\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u5747\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6d77\u5e95\u5e95\u68f2\u6216\u662f\u6cbf\u5cb8\u6f6e\u9593\u5e36\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff1b\u800c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f4d\u65bc\u5927\u9678\u6cbf\u5cb8\u53ca\u5927\u9678\u68da\u5340\u57df\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8457\u300c\u9678\u584a\u300d\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u548c\u9678\u57df\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5206\u4f48\u7bc4\u570d\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u53d7\u5927\u9678\u677f\u584a\u98c4\u79fb\u6b77\u53f2\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6311\u9078\u9060\u6d0b\u548c\u6df1\u6d77\u7269\u7a2e\u51fa\u4f86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u57df\u9084\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u5283\u5206\u51fa\u516b\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u3002\u6df1\u5c45\u5167\u9678\u7684\u5167\u6ce2\u7f85\u7684\u6d77 (Inner Baltic Sea\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u4e2d\u7de8\u865f 1 \u6a58\u9ede) \u548c\u9ed1\u6d77 (Black Sea\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u4e2d\u7de8\u865f 2 \u7d05\u9ede) \u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u5f62\u9694\u96e2\u548c\u6cb3\u5ddd\u9015\u6d41\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7368\u7279\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u516d\u500b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u754c\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30930\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30930\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30930\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30930\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e09\uff1a\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u5b78\u8005\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f85 (Mark J. Costello) \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u50da\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u5716\u3002\u7de8\u865f 1\u201330 \u70ba\u6587\u5167\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u500b\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u3002\u7de8\u865f\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u8272\u5708\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5728\u53ea\u5206\u6790\u9060\u6d0b\u548c\u6df1\u6d77\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a72\u5340\u57df\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340 (\u5171\u516b\u8272)\u3002\u5716\u7247\u6539\u7de8\u81ea Fig. 2 in Costello et al. 2017. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1057 (CC-BY-4.0).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u535a\u6587 (Brian W. Bowen) \u70ba\u9996\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u65bc 2016 \u5e74\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u6b0a\u5a01\u671f\u520a\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u520a\u300d(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) \u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u56de\u9867\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5927\u6d77\u57df\u4ee5\u53ca\u6578\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u985e\u7fa4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u548c\u7269\u7a2e\u89aa\u7de3\u8b5c\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5169\u8005\u9593\u6709\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u7da0\u8835\u9f9c\u3001\u5112\u826e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d04 80% \u7684\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u5340\u7269\u7a2e (reef species) \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u9593\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u8840\u7de3\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u59ca\u59b9\u65cf\u7fa4 (\u5716\u56db)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9678\u57df\u6cbf\u5cb8\u74b0\u5883\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5927\u6d0b\u6027\u6d77\u8c5a\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4f4d\u548c\u7269\u7a2e\u65cf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61 (\u5716\u4e94)\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30931\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30931\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30931\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1094\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u56db\uff1a\u5370\u592a\u6d0b\u5c4f\u969c (Indo-Pacific Barrier) \u9020\u6210\u7684 (A) \u59d0\u59b9\u7269\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5316\u3001\u53ca (B) \u540c\u7a2e\u5167\u65cf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b\u3002A \u5340\u5716\u4e2d\u85cd\u7d2b\u8272\u53ca\u7bad\u982d\u6307\u5411\u5340\u57df\u70ba\u5206\u4f48\u91cd\u758a\u5340\u57df\u3002B \u5340\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed1\u767d\u5713\u9905\u8868\u793a\u8a72\u5340\u8a72\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u5206\u4f48\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aFig. 2 in Bowen et al. 2016.&nbsp; PNAS&nbsp; 113, 7962\u20137969. CC BY-NC-ND.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30932\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30932\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30932\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-5.jpg.001.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-5.jpg.001.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/figure-5.jpg.001-800x600.jpeg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30932\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e94\uff1a\u6839\u64da 19 \u500b\u5fae\u885b\u661f\u57fa\u56e0\u5ea7 (microsatellite loci) \u5728 236 \u500b\u6a23\u672c\u88e1\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u745e\u6c0f\u6d77\u8c5a (Grampus griseus; \u5716\u4e00) \u5728\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u70ba (A) \u6771\u71b1\u5e36\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u3001(B) \u897f\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u3001(C)\u6771\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7b49\u4e09\u5927\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u70ba\u9ed1\u9ede\u70ba\u63a1\u6a23\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7531\u9ec3\u5230\u7d05\u7684\u984f\u8272\u68af\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u8a72\u5340\u57df\u6d77\u8c5a\u5c6c\u65bc\u8a72\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1b\u984f\u8272\u8d8a\u7d05\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u8207\u524d\u8ff0\u5716\u4e09\u7de8\u865f 12\u300120\u30017 \u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u3002(\u5716\u7247\u6539\u7de8\u81ea Fig. 4 in Chen et al. 2018. Journal of Biogeography. DOI: 10.1111\/jbi.13360.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u535a\u6587\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u5728\u65cf\u7fa4\u5c64\u7d1a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u5206\u652f\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5f62\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u9020\u6210\u7269\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5316\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u65cf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5149\u6191\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u7684\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u7269\u7a2e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u5167\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u68f2\u5730\u504f\u597d\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u7b49\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u7ad9\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u614b\u4fdd\u80b2\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5340\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u4e4b\u7246\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u898f\u5283\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u80b2\u5340\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u4fdd\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7269\u7a2e\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u842c\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\uff1a(\u6c99\u6488\u8d8a\u5b9a\u7406) \u6240\u6709\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u5fc5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u6703\u5728\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u6216\u6642\u9593\u4e0b\u91cd\u8907\u51fa\u73fe\uff1b\u5730\u7406\u8ddd\u96e2\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bowen, B. W., Gaither, M. R., DiBattista, J. D., Iacchei, M., Andrews, K. R., Grant, W. S.,&nbsp; Toonen, R. J., &amp; Briggs, J. C. (2016). Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 7962\u20137969.<\/li>\n<li>Chen, I., Nishida, S., Chou, L.-S., Tajima, Y., Yang, W.-C., Isobe, T., Yamada, T. K., Hartman, K., &amp; Hoelzel, A. R. (2018). Concordance between genetic diversity and marine biogeography in a highly mobile marine mammal, the Risso\u2019s dolphin. Journal of Biogeography (in press). DOI: 10.1111\/jbi.13360<\/li>\n<li>Costello, M. J., Tsai, P., Wong, P. S., Cheung, A. K. L., Basher, Z., &amp; Chaudhary, C. (2017). Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1057.<\/li>\n<li>Holt, B. G., Lessard, J. P., Borregaard, M. K., Fritz, S. A., Ara\u00fajo, M. B., Dimitrov, D., ... &amp; Nogu\u00e9s-Bravo, D. (2013). An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world. Science, 339, 1228282<\/li>\n<li>Wallace, A. R. (1876). The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>--<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u7469\u3000\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u614b\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u5fb7\u502b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u73fe\u70ba\u8036\u9b6f-\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u9662\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u4f4d\u65bc\u897f\u71b1\u5e36\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u5a46\u7f85\u6d32\u548c\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\u6c23\u5019\u5730\u5f62\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5cf6\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u76f8 (biota) \u537b\u8fe5\u7136\u76f8\u7570\uff1b\u6fb3\u6d32\u548c\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u5730\u5f62\u8fe5\u7136\u76f8\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u537b\u76f8\u5c0d\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u8af8\u5cf6\u5230\u8655\u63a1\u96c6\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u6a19\u672c\u8a0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u535a\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u83ef\u840a\u58eb (Alfred Russel Wallace, 1823\u20131913) \uff0c\u65bc 1855 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u6c99\u6488\u8d8a\u5b9a\u7406 (Sarawak Law)\u3002\u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u9060\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u9189\u5fc3\u65bc\u85e4\u58fa\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u52a0\u7dca\u901f\u5ea6\u767c\u8868\u9072\u9072\u4e0d\u6562\u516c\u958b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u65e5\u5f8c\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b78 (biogeography) \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,6512,2977,26,1026],"tags":[3840,424,1681],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/0-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30926"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40863,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30926\/revisions\/40863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}