{"id":30785,"date":"2018-05-21T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2018-05-20T16:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30785"},"modified":"2018-08-29T17:06:23","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T09:06:23","slug":"%e8%b2%bb%e6%9b%bc%e4%b9%8b%e6%96%bc%e5%9b%ba%e6%85%8b%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%ef%bc%9a%e8%b6%85%e5%b0%8e%e8%88%87%e8%b6%85%e6%b5%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30785","title":{"rendered":"\u8cbb\u66fc\u4e4b\u65bc\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u7406\uff1a\u8d85\u5c0e\u8207\u8d85\u6d41"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6c26\u6db2\u7684\u5716\u7247, credit: wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u8cbb\u66fc\u5728 1953-1954 \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5305\u62ec (i) \u5617\u8a66\u8a08\u7b97\u8d85\u6d41\u6c26\u7684\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca (ii) \u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u300c\u65cb\u5b50\u300d\uff08 roton\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6280\u8853\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u6307\u51fa\u8d85\u6d41\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u73bb\u8272\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u614b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u8655\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u59a5\u5584\u8a08\u7b97\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u9084\u554f\u4e16\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u6280\u5de7\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u7d71\u8a08\u7269\u7406\u554f\u984c\u5167\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6548\u679c\u6fc3\u7e2e\u5230\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u8cea\u91cf\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\uff08\u57163\uff09\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8d85\u6d41\u6c26\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u767c\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff08\u539f\u9ede\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8072\u5b50\uff08phonon\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u53f3\u5074\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u51f9\u9677\u8655\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6fc0\u767c\u614b\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u7684\u65cb\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u8cbb\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u5f9e\u5fae\u89c0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u65cb\u5b50\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e5f\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u5149\u8b5c\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u78c1\u65cb\u5b50\u300d\uff08magneticroton\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728 1955 \u5e74\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u66f4\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u65cb\u8f49\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6f29\u6e26\u5ea6\uff08vorticity\uff09\u5728\u5de8\u89c0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6f29\u6e26, credit: wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u90a3\u5728\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e0a\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8ddf\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1a\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5de8\u89c0\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u6d41\u5728\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u963b\u6297\u7684\u5c0e\u901a\u53ef\u985e\u6bd4\u65bc\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6c26\u5728\u7d30\u7ba1\u7dda\u4e2d\u7121\u963b\u7919\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u8ddf\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1a\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u5149\u6ce2\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u8072\u6ce2\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cbb\u66fc\u662f\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u62ff\u4e0b\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\uff0c\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u8d85\u5c0e\u554f\u984c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5341\u62ff\u4e5d\u7a69\u3002\u4e5f\u7121\u602a\u4e4e\u7576 Bardeen \u5f97\u77e5\u8cbb\u66fc\u4e5f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u9084\u8d95\u5fd9\u8058\u4e86\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u70ba\u5c08\u9577\u7684 Cooper \u00a0\u52a0\u5165\u5718\u968a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u8868\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6436\u5148\u767b\u4e0a\u5dd4\u5cf0\u7684\u662f BCS \u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53cd\u89c0\u8cbb\u66fc\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5 [6]\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u767d\u8cbb\u4e86\u6578\u5e74\u5149\u9670\uff0c\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7372\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
figure 3: \u73bb\u8272\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u5de6\u5074\u70ba\u8072\u5b50\uff0c\u53f3\u5074\u70ba\u65cb\u5b50, credite: \u81ea\u7e6a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u6709\u5fc3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u95b1\u8b80\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b [5]\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b57\u88e1\u884c\u9593\u5927\u5bb6\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u8cbb\u66fc\u8aaa\u8a71\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u65bc\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u5728\u7d50\u8a9e\u6642\u611f\u5606\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c BCS \u4e09\u4eba\u7d44\u4fbf\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e86\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7559\u540d\u9752\u53f2\u7684 BCS \u6a21\u578b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b46\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6311\u9078\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u66fc\u5931\u6557\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u60f3\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8cbb\u66fc\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6311\u6230\u5931\u6557\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u904e\u65bc\u4fe1\u8cf4\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u62ff\u624b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u9000\u81f3\u51e1\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5931\u6557\u66f4\u662f\u5e38\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6614\u4eba\u9060\u77e3\uff0c\u96d6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f01\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc3\u56ae\u5f80\u4e4b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u50be\u5fc3\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\u6216\u8efc\u4e8b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ef\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u7aba\u898b\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u771f\u5be6\u3001\u771f\u5207\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
\n<\/strong>[1] R. Feynman, Phys. Rev. 91, 1291 (1953).
\n[2] R. Feynman, Phys. Rev. 91, 1301 (1953).
\n[3] R. Feynman, Phys. Rev. 94, 262 (1954).
\n[4] R. Feynman, Progress in Low Temp Physics, Vol. 1, Ch. 2 (1955)
\n[5] R. Feynman, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 2 (1957).
\n[6] D. Goodsetin, and J. Goodstein, Phys. perspect. 2 (2000) 30-47.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a
\n<\/strong> \u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/a>
\n\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\uff08\u4e0b\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u9003\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u5439\u98a8\u5439\u96ea\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u96e2\u958b\u81fa\u7063\u5f8c\u7121\u6d77\u53ef\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u6e56\u65c1\u63c0\u4e00\u65b9\u5824\u5cb8\uff0c\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u770b\u6d77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u5167\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u662f\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u611b\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u8072\u671b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8010\u5fc3\u5c07\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u6c34\u6e96\u518d\u8207\u4e16\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u95b1\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5e74\u8868\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5728 1953-1955 \u5e74\u9593\u5bc6\u96c6\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u9593\u4ed6\u7684\u52c1\u6575 Schwinger \u6b63\u8cbb\u5fc3\u529b\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u96d5\u5851\u6210\u66f4\u512a\u96c5\u5de5\u6574\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u537b\u66ab\u6642\u653e\u4e0b\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5e36\u5230\u5728\u51dd\u614b\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6c26\u6db2\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u7ffb\u95b1\u5e74\u8868\uff0c\u5728 1957 \u7684 Review of Modern Physics \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u300c\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8207\u8d85\u5c0e\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u614b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30803,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,39],"tags":[3814,662,3815],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/figure1-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30785"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30785"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31999,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30785\/revisions\/31999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}