{"id":30784,"date":"2018-05-11T00:00:17","date_gmt":"2018-05-10T16:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30784"},"modified":"2018-07-29T19:34:31","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T11:34:31","slug":"%e8%b7%af%e5%be%91%e7%a9%8d%e5%88%86%e8%88%87%e8%b2%bb%e6%9b%bc%e5%9c%96%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30784","title":{"rendered":"\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_30791\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30791\" style=\"width: 489px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30791\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u4e0b-0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"489\" height=\"252\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1965 \u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u70ba Tomonaga, Schwinger, and Feynman, credit: Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation \"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u524d\u6587<\/a>\u4e2d\u7b46\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u5728\u767c\u660e\u4e4b\u969b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u7d66\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u8e8d\u9077\u632f\u5e45\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u662f\u7269\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7576\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u5b83\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0f\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u7531\u8cbb\u66fc\u898f\u5247\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u67d0\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6c42\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u9802\u5c16\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7269\u7406\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5fae\u64fe\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u30021965 \u5e74\u4e00\u8d77\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5206\u4eab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u7684 J. Schwinger \u4fbf\u66fe\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4e00\u5982\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u77fd\u6676\u7247\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u5c07\u5e36\u7d66\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u300d<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5728\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4e2d\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\uff0c\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e5f\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u537b\u53c8\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5f48\u7c27\u7684\u7c21\u8ae7\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u800c\u53ef\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u3001\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u5f9e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7c21\u8ae7\u904b\u52d5\u8655\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u4f4d\u79fb\u5e73\u65b9\u4f4d\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5f48\u7c27\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4fbf\u5728\u539f\u9ede\u9644\u8fd1\u9707\u76ea\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u554f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u8003\u616e\u4e09\u6b21\u65b9\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5716\u50cf\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6539\u8b8a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5f9e\u964d\u4f4e\u7e3d\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u4f4d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4fc2\u6578\u6b63\u8ca0\uff0c\u7e3d\u6709\u4e00\u908a\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5e95\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7269\u7406\u614b\u5c31\u6703\u70ba\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u7e3d\u80fd\u91cf\u800c\u5f80\u90a3\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u6ed1\u843d\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u614b\uff08ground state\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30792\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30792\" style=\"width: 812px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30792\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u4e0b-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"265\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30792\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u5de6\u908a\u70ba\u4e09\u6b21\u65b9\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u53f3\u908a\u70ba\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u4f4d\u80fd\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5e95\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u57fa\u614b\u3002 credit: 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\u7684\u7121\u7aae\u7d1a\u6578\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u6536\u6582\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u7d1a\u6578\u7121\u6cd5\u6536\u6582\uff0c\u9084\u77e5\u9053\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8207\u7121\u6cd5\u6536\u6582\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u7d50\u9019\u5169\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u95e1\u660e\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u8207\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u89e3\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u89c0\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u5169\u9ede\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u88ab\u56b4\u683c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u5be5\u5be5\u53ef\u6578\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u53ef\u9810\u898b\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u53ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5fae\u64fe\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9577\u8def\u6f2b\u6f2b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5b8c\u5099\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>--<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u9003\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u5439\u98a8\u5439\u96ea\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u96e2\u958b\u81fa\u7063\u5f8c\u7121\u6d77\u53ef\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u6e56\u65c1\u63c0\u4e00\u65b9\u5824\u5cb8\uff0c\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u770b\u6d77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u5728\u524d\u6587\u4e2d\u7b46\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8def\u5f91\u7a4d\u5206\u5728\u767c\u660e\u4e4b\u969b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u7d66\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u8e8d\u9077\u632f\u5e45\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u662f\u7269\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7576\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u5b83\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0f\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u7531\u8cbb\u66fc\u898f\u5247\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u67d0\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6c42\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u9802\u5c16\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7269\u7406\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5fae\u64fe\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,39],"tags":[880,662,3811,3810],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/0.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30784"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30784"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32004,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30784\/revisions\/32004"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}