{"id":30596,"date":"2018-04-20T00:05:38","date_gmt":"2018-04-19T16:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30596"},"modified":"2018-07-29T19:21:42","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T11:21:42","slug":"%e5%b9%bb%e8%a6%ba%e4%b8%80%e5%a0%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%9a%e6%a0%b9%e6%9b%bc%e5%ae%9a%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30596","title":{"rendered":"\u5e7b\u89ba\u4e00\u5834\u7684\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u8d8a\u71b1\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u8d8a\u5c0f\u300d\u7684\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u6d41\u50b3\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u5957\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u8b49\u81ea\u660e\u751f\u614b\u9435\u5247\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u7d50\u679c\u504f\u5dee\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5e7b\u89ba\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u540c\u5c6c\u72ac\u79d1\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u90ca\u72fc (Canis latrans; \u53f3\u524d) \u548c\u72fc (Canis lupus; \u4e2d\u5f8c) \u9ad4\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u5dee\u7570\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u3002 \u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aTravis @ Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9673\u7469<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u8ddf\u7b46\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u76f4\u89ba\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u71b1\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u7684\u99ac\u4f86\u718a\u9ad4\u578b\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5bd2\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5317\u6975\u718a\u9ad4\u578b\u5927\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u300c\u539f\u751f\u65bc\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u8607\u9580\u7b54\u81d8\u864e\u7684\u9ad4\u578b\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4fc4\u570b\u7684\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u864e\u9ad4\u578b\u5927\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u4f8b\u5b50 (\u5716\u4e00)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u5927\uff1b\u6eab\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u5247\u5c0f\u300d\u7684\u751f\u614b\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406 (Bergmann\u2019s rule)\u300d\uff0c\u8d77\u540d\u81ea\u7387\u5148\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8a72\u73fe\u8c61\u7684 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u5fb7\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u535a\u6839\u66fc (Carl Bergmann, 1814\u20141865) \u3002\u96d6\u7136\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8a72\u73fe\u8c61\u6642\u5c07\u5c0d\u8c61\u7bc4\u570d\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u5c6c\u5167\u89aa\u7de3\u8fd1\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4e16\u5b78\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u5f15\u7533\u81f3\u89e3\u91cb\u76f8\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u5167\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u9593\u7684\u9ad4\u578b\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5c0d\u7167\u524d\u8ff0\u8001\u864e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5f15\u7533\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9055\u548c\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u65bc\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c2011 \u5e74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u96ea\u8389\u4e39 (Jennifer A. Sheridan) \u548c\u8c9d\u683c\u798f\u7279 (David Bickford) \uff0c\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u5168\u7403\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u671f\u520a\u300cNature Climate Change\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7bc7\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\u8a0e\u8ad6\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u8207\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u7e2e\u5c0f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5be6\u6cc1\u300d\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u7d44\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u8377\u862d\u5730\u8cea\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u8005\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca 5300 \u842c\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u59cb\u65b0\u4e16\u521d\u6975\u71b1\u671f (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2) \u524d\u5f8c\u3001\u56db\u500b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7a2e\u7fa4 (taxomic groups) \u7259\u9f52\u5316\u77f3\u5927\u5c0f\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53e4\u7378\u99ac (Arenahippus) \u548c\u53e4\u6eaa\u9e7f (Diacodexis) \u9019\u5169\u500b\u985e\u7fa4\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f9e\u6a23\u672c\u6578\u6bd4\u8f03\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u53e4\u7378\u99ac\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u300c\u6c23\u6eab\u5347\u6eab\u5e45\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u9ad4\u578b\u7e2e\u5f97\u8d8a\u7dca\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u300c\u6b63\u5411\u7d50\u679c\u504f\u5dee\u300d (positive results bias) \u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u958b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e4f\u4eba\u554f\u6d25\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u8c8c\u4f3c\u5370\u8b49\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5f70\u986f\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u901a\u5247\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u5e78\u904b\u6316\u5230\u7279\u4f8b\uff1f\u66f4\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5929\u6c23\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u71b1\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6703\u903c\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u53c8\u7626\u53c8\u5c0f\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u535a\u7269\u9928\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab VertNet \uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u5728\u904e\u53bb 20 \u5e74\u5167\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u81f3\u5c11 30 \u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u63a1\u96c6\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u6216\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u9ad4\u91cd\u8207\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u5b50\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u7e3d\u8a08 952 \u500b\u9ce5\u985e\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u3001 \u5171 273,901 \u7b46\u6a19\u672c\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7269\u7a2e (79%) \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u9ad4\u91cd\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u76f8\u95dc\u6027 (\u5716\u4e8c)\u3002\u7b26\u5408\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u3001\u986f\u793a\u9ad4\u91cd\u548c\u6c23\u6eab\u5448\u73fe\u8ca0\u5411\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u4f54\u4e86 14% (\u5716\u4e8cB)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709 7% \u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u51fa\u73fe\u5b8c\u5168\u9055\u80cc\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u68f2\u606f\u5730\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u8d64\u9053\uff0c\u9ad4\u578b\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u5927 (\u5716\u4e8cD)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u5bb6\u674e\u9ed8 (Kristina Riemer) \u548c\u540c\u50da\u63a1\u7528 VertNet \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u5730\u7406\u5206\u4f48\u5716 (\u9ed1\u9ede)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u9b5a\u8c82 (Martes pennanti)\u3001\u82b1\u6817\u9f20 (Tamias quadrivittatus)\u3001\u6fa4\u65c5\u9f20 (Synaptomys cooperi) \u7684\u63a1\u96c6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u5225\u4ee5\u85cd\u9ede\u3001\u9ec3\u9ede\u3001\u7d05\u9ede\u8868\u793a\uff0cB\u3001C\u3001D \u5c0f\u5716\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u91cd\u548c\u63a1\u96c6\u5730\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\uff1aFigure 1 in Riemer et al. 2018. eLife, 7, e27166.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7121\u7368\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u70cf\u62c9\u572d\u5171\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u5bb6\u7dad\u62c9 (Carlos H. Villar) \u548c\u7d0d\u4e9e (Daniel E. Naya) \u5206\u6790\u4e86 17 \u500b\u56d3\u9f52\u52d5\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u5728\u904e\u53bb 60 \u5e74\u5167\u9ad4\u91cd\u8b8a\u5316\u8d70\u52e2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e03\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u9ad4\u91cd\u6709\u9023\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u91cd\u9023\u5e74\u6f38\u6e1b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u548c\u6c23\u6eab\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u70cf\u62c9\u572d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u300c\u55ae\u4e00\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u5167\u300d\u7684\u9ad4\u578b\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u548c\u6700\u521d\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u8ad6\u9ede\u6642\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u89aa\u7de3\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ad8\u91cc (Jostein Gohli) \u548c\u5f17\u4e9e (Kjetil L. Voje) \u641c\u96c6\u4e86 22 \u500b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u79d1 (families) \u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u91cd\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u7def\u5ea6\u548c\u6c23\u6eab\u7b49\u7b49\u751f\u614b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u72ac\u79d1 (Canidae) \u52d5\u7269\u88e1\u9ad4\u91cd\u548c\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8ca0\u5411\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u5f71\u97ff\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u61c9\u662f\u89aa\u7de3\u907a\u50b3\u53f2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u7def\u5ea6\u548c\u6c23\u6eab\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u88e1\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a2e\u7a2e\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5167\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u5167\u2014\u2014\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6046\u6e96\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u666e\u904d\u9069\u7528\u7684\u901a\u5247\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u8b49\u64da\u6697\u793a\u6709\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9ad4\u578b\u6703\u96a8\u74b0\u5883\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8981\u8aaa\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6703\u8b93\u6240\u6709\/\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u578b\u7e2e\u6c34 (\u56e0\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7ce7\u98df\u5371\u6a5f) \uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5922\u5e7b\u4e00\u5834\u7684\u535a\u6839\u66fc\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u547d\u904b\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u50cf\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u80da\u80ce\u91cd\u6f14\u5f8b (Haeckel\u2019s recapitulation theory) \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6d88\u901d\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u7206\u767c\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Blackburn, T. M., Gaston, K. J., & Loder, N. (1999). Geographic gradients in body size: a clarification of Bergmann's rule. Diversity and Distributions, 5(4), 165-174.<\/li>\n
  2. D\u2019Ambrosia, A. R., Clyde, W. C., Fricke, H. C., Gingerich, P. D., & Abels, H. A. (2017). Repetitive mammalian dwarfing during ancient greenhouse warming events. Science Advances, 3(3), e1601430.<\/li>\n
  3. Gohli, J., & Voje, K. L. (2016). An interspecific assessment of Bergmann\u2019s rule in 22 mammalian families. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16(1), 222.<\/li>\n
  4. Riemer, K., Guralnick, R. P., & White, E. P. (2018). No general relationship between mass and temperature in endothermic species. eLife, 7, e27166. DOI: 10.7554\/eLife.27166<\/li>\n
  5. Sheridan, J. A., & Bickford, D. (2011). Shrinking body size as an ecological response to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 1, 401-406. DOI: 10.1038\/NCLIMATE1259<\/li>\n
  6. Villar, C., & Naya, D. E. (2018). Climate change and temporal trends in body size: the case of rodents. Oikos. DOI: 10.1111\/oik.04884<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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     <\/p>\n

    \"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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