{"id":30505,"date":"2018-02-26T20:57:34","date_gmt":"2018-02-26T12:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30505"},"modified":"2018-08-29T17:05:05","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T09:05:05","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e7%9a%84%e9%a1%ab%e6%8a%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%ab%87%e6%84%9b%e5%9b%a0%e6%96%af%e5%9d%a6%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e8%ab%96%e5%92%8c%e5%bc%95%e5%8a%9b%e6%b3%a2%e3%80%8b%e6%8e%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30505","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u986b\u6296\uff1a\u8ac7\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u300b\u63a8\u85a6\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-30507\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/636470229554368750.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"375\" \/>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u4e18\u6210\u6850 \u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5091\u4fe1\u662f\u5167\u4eba\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u5b78\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5f88\u4e45\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4efb\u8077\u7f8e\u570b\u822a\u592a\u7e3d\u7f72\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u79d1\u5b78\u6df1\u8015\u7d30\u7a2e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u7368\u5230\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u7372\u596c\u7121\u6578\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u656c\u4f69\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5091\u4fe1\u6709\u6687\u6642\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u559c\u611b\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u88e8\u76ca\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4ed6\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u540d\u53eb'\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u986b\u6296'\uff0c\u7531\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5167\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u6731\u570b\u745e\u8f49\u8d08\u7d66\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u8b80\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9a5a\u559c\u83ab\u540d\uff0c\u5149\u5f9e\u66f8\u672c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aba\u898b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5353\u8b58\u3002\u6211\u7814\u7fd2\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u521d\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7528\u9019\u9ebc\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u6587\u7b46\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u55ae\u6b62\u5f9e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u66f4\u96e3\u5f97\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e2d\u80af\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u9ad4\u6703\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684 Grossmann \u548c Hilbert \u5916\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u6eaf\u6e90\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5927\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ece\u66fc\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a7a\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u5728\u9ece\u66fc\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7a7a\u9593\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u7403\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u96d9\u66f2\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9ece\u66fc\u537b\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u7a2e\u7a7a\u9593\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u9ece\u66fc\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u5fc5\u9808\u548c\u5750\u6a19\u9078\u53d6\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u500b\u770b\u6cd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b49\u50f9\u539f\u7406\u3002\u9ece\u66fc\u5728\u4ed6\u5f15\u9032\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u66f2\u7387\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u66f2\u7387\u4f86\u91cf\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u5247\u7531\u66f2\u7387\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u66f2\u7387\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u4f7f\u6642\u7a7a'\u986b\u6296'\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5f9e\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u96d6\u7136\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f15\u529b\u5834\u548c\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u513c\u7136\u4e00\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u66b8\u89e3\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u548c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f9e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u5728\u627e\u5c0b\u91cf\u5b50\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7d50\u69cb\uff01\u9ece\u66fc\u66fe\u7d93\u8003\u616e\u904e\u96e2\u6563\u7a7a\u9593\u5c0d\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u9ece\u66fc\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u6b72\u958b\u59cb\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u6b72\u6642\u5f97\u4e86\u80ba\u75c5\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5e74\u8981\u5230\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u53bb\u907f\u5bd2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u548c\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6709 Christoffel\uff0cRicci \u53ca Levi-Civita\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e86\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5f35\u91cf\u548c\u9023\u7d61\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002Ricci \u5f15\u9032\u4e86Ricci \u66f2\u7387\u5f35\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b49\u660e\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5f35\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u6eff\u8db3\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5f35\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u7531\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u5230\u5f8c\u8449\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u7d66\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 \uff02Notes on the origin of the general theory of relativity\uff02\uff08\u898b Mein Weltbild, Amsterdam : Querido Verlag\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u767c\u5c55\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7576\u7136\u662f\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u672c\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709 Lorentz \u548c Poincar\u00e9\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u8ddd\u96e2\u53d7\u5230\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5df2\u7d93\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u725b\u9813\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684 action at a distance \u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u77ef\u6b63\uff01\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7d93\u904e\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5f8c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u5728\u4e09\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u4fee\u6b63\u725b\u9813\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u7b26\u5408\u525b\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u8b93\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8aa4\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff01\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u8607\u9ece\u4e16\u8b80\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u662f\u548cHilbert \u3001 Poincar\u00e9 \u9f4a\u540d\u7684 Minkowski\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u61f6\u60f0\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6700\u8fd1\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u7528\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\u5b83\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u96f6\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cMinkowski \u69cb\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u56db\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u53c3\u7167\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5ea6\u91cf\u5f35\u91cf\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7121\u7f3a\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3002\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7fa4\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6210\u70ba Minkowski\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u66c9\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u56db\u7dad\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e00\u4e5d\u96f6\u516b\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230 Minkowski \u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u611b\u6c0f\u5728\u9019\u5e74\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ed6\u7684 thought experiment \u3002\u9019\u500b\u7576\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u611b\u6c0f\u5728\u4f01\u5716\u6d88\u5316 Minkowski \u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5fc3\u8def\u904e\u7a0b\uff01 \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Minkowski \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u9019\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981 ? \u5f9e\u4e09\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\u5230\u56db\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u56db\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u5834\u624d\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4f86\u5c55\u73fe\u5b83\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u725b\u9813\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u975c\u614b\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u6578\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f15\u529b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002Minkowski \u537b\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5f35\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6eff\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f15\u529b\u5834\u3002Minkowski \u7684\u5f35\u91cf\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u611b\u6c0f\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07\u725b\u9813\u529b\u5b78\u548c Minkowski \u7a7a\u9593\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u5728\u6975\u5ea6\u5c0f\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5fc5\u9808\u548cMinkowski \u7684\u5f35\u91cf\u76f8\u7576\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5f35\u91cf\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5bb6\u61c2\u5f97\u5f35\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002)\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5f9e\u7b49\u50f9\u539f\u5247\u4e2d\u96b1\u7d04\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u985e\u4f3c\u5f35\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u6df8\u695a\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u540c\u5b78 Marcel Grossmann \u6c42\u6551\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5f15\u529b\u5834\u61c9\u8a72\u7531\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f35\u91cf\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5f35\u91cf\u5728\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531 Minkowski \u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e00\u968e\u903c\u8fd1\u3002Grossmann \u662f\u5b78\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ff5\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u5e6b\u5fd9\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u505a\u6578\u5b78\u7fd2\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u55ae\u5f15\u5165\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f35\u91cf\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f15\u529b\u5834\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u9032\u884c\u5fae\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8981\u6c42\u5fae\u5206\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u5750\u6a19\u9078\u53d6\u7121\u95dc\uff08\u7b49\u50f9\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f Christoffel \u548c Levi Civita \u7684\u9023\u7d61\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u4ed6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9332\u4e2d\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab Levi Civita \u548c Ricci \u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002\u611b\u6c0f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u5ee3\u725b\u9813\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u725b\u9813\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5373\u5f15\u529b\u52e2\u7684\u5169\u6b21\u5c0e\u6578\u7b49\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u7576\u6642\u611b\u6c0f\u548cGrossmann \u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f35\u91cf\u5fae\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u5750\u6a19\u9078\u53d6\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f35\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u611b\u6c0f\u7684\u82e6\u82e6\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0cGrossmann \u52c9\u70ba\u5176\u96e3\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u88e1\u627e\u5230 Ricci \u6709\u95dc\u5f35\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u4f86 Ricci\u65e9\u5df2\u5c07\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u66f2\u7387\u5f35\u91cf\u6536\u7e2e\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u4e8c\u968e\u5f35\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f35\u91cf\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f35\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u5fae\u5206\u3002\u611b\u6c0f\u77e5\u9053\u5f8c\u5927\u559c\u82e5\u72c2\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u8cea\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u5f35\u91cf\uff0c\uff08\u5728\u5e73\u5766\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5f35\u91cf\u65e9\u5df2\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u719f\u3002\uff09\u65bc\u662f\u4e4e\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u548c Grossmann \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u548c\u4e00\u4e09\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5169\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e8b\u591a\u78e8\uff0c\u7576\u611b\u6c0f\u5617\u8a66\u7528\u6f38\u8fd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u4f01\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5929\u6587\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f88\u6cae\u55aa\u3002\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u5929\u6587\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u5617\u8a66\u9078\u64c7\u7279\u6b8a\u5750\u6a19\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u653e\u68c4\u5bf6\u8cb4\u800c\u7c21\u6f54\u7684\u7b49\u50f9\u539f\u5247\u3002\u4ed6\u548c Levi Civita \u591a\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u90fd\u7121\u88dc\u65bc\u4e8b\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e94\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u4ed6\u5230 G\u00f6ttingen \u8a2a\u554f\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6 David Hilbert\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002Hilbert \u7576\u7136\u6df1\u61c2\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6578\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u3002\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4ee3\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 Felix Klein \u64c5\u9577\u65bc\u7528\u5c0d\u7a31\u7fa4\u4f86\u5206\u985e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5916\uff0cHilbert \u7684\u5b78\u751f Hermann Weyl \u662f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5973\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6 Emmy Noether\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e5f\u5728 G\u00f6ttingen\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4ee5\u5979\u547d\u540d\u7684 Noether current \u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u611b\u6c0f\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u53ef\u8b02\u9069\u9022\u5176\u6703\uff01Hilbert \u5728\u540c\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\u4e86 Hilbert action , \u5f9e\u9019\u500b action \u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u80fd\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u611b\u6c0f\u5728\u5f97\u77e5\u9019\u500b\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u6536\u5230 Hilbert \u7684\u660e\u4fe1\u7247\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u5929\u6587\u554f\u984c\u3002\u958b\u59cb\u6642\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u5c0d Hilbert\u7684\u6377\u8db3\u5148\u767b\u5f88\u4e0d\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u4f46\u662fHilbert \u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5ba3\u4f48\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u5c6c\u65bc\u611b\u6c0f\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u624d\u8f49\u6182\u70ba\u559c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4e16\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u5411\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u81f4\u4ee5\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u656c\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e00\u6279\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5bb6\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u529f\u52de\uff01\u6211\u8b1b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Hilbert \u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u548c Grossmann \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u5beb\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa Schwarzchild \u7684\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u5df2\u7d93\u8db3\u5920\u611b\u6c0f\u505a\u4ed6\u8981\u7684\u5929\u6587\u8a08\u7b97\u4e86\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u5230 Grossmann \u5c0d\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u8981\u602aGrossmann \u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u4ed4\u7d30\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u3002\u5176\u5be6 Ricci \u65e9\u5df2\u767c\u73fe\u611b\u6c0f\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u624d\u6eff\u8db3\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u53f3\u624b\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u6eff\u8db3\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5de6\u624b\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6eff\u8db3\u5b83\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u611b\u6c0f\u6c92\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u53bb\u66b8\u89e3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5de6\u624b\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u800c\u5805\u6301\u89e3\u91cb\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u6bd4\u77ad\u89e3\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7f8e\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u5f8c\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u61c9\u8a72\u7531\u6578\u5b78\u548c thought experiment \u4f86\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7d50\u5c3e\u6642\u8aaa\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f86\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u8f15\u800c\u6613\u8209\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u627e\u5230\u771f\u76f8\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8cbb\u76e1\u5fc3\u601d\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u9577\u5e74\u7d2f\u6708\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u98fd\u53d7\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u714e\u71ac\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8271\u8f9b\u5be6\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5916\u4eba\u9053\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u7d93\u6b77\u7531\u5091\u4fe1\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5a13\u5a13\u9053\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u5fd7\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b9a\u6703\u555f\u767c\u826f\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u6a02\u610f\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u66f8\u7c4d\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u66f8\u540d\uff1a\u300a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u986b\u6296\uff1a\u8ac7\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u300b<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u674e\u5091\u4fe1<br \/>\n\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u5fc3<br \/>\nISBN\uff1a9789863502609<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u9ece\u66fc\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7a7a\u9593\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u7403\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u96d9\u66f2\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9ece\u66fc\u537b\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u7a2e\u7a7a\u9593\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u9ece\u66fc\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u5fc5\u9808\u548c\u5750\u76ee\u6a19\u9078\u53d6\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u500b\u770b\u6cd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b49\u50f9\u539f\u7406\u3002\u9ece\u66fc\u5728\u4ed6\u5f15\u9032\u7684\u62bd\u50cf\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u66f2\u7387\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u66f2\u7387\u4f86\u91cf\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u5247\u7531\u66f2\u7387\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u66f2\u7387\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u4f7f\u6642\u7a7a'\u986b\u6296'\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5f9e\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u96d6\u7136\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f15\u529b\u5834\u548c\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u513c\u7136\u4e00\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,3293],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30505"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30505"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31948,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30505\/revisions\/31948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}