{"id":30475,"date":"2018-03-13T00:02:09","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T16:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30475"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:52:12","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T03:52:12","slug":"%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90%e8%ab%96%e5%a4%a9%e5%85%89%e6%97%a2%e7%99%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30475","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u5929\u5149\u65e2\u767d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7gwUfpysaCw\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u70ba\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u754c\u722d\u8ad6\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u5b50\u88e1\u982d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6578\u5b57\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u88e1\u982d\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u7c21\u8ff0\u81ea\u9053\u8033\u9813\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63ed\u958b\u539f\u5b50\u5967\u7955\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff5c\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388 \u9673\u7af9\u4ead<br \/>\n\u6574\u7406\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6253\u5f9e\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5728 1803 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u754c\u5728\u6574\u500b 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u90fd\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u65b7\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5967\u65af\u7279\u83ef\u5fb7 (Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald) \u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u83ab\u8033\u6982\u5ff5 (mole concept) \uff0c\u8ddf\u652f\u6301\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u7684\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u6230\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5967\u65af\u7279\u83ef\u5fb7\u4e26\u975e\u6b7b\u8166\u7b4b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4f69\u862d (Jean Baptiste Perrin) \u7684\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5c31\u8ddf\u8457\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u537b\u5728 1897 \u5e74\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9670\u6975\u5c04\u7dda\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\uff1b\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u62c9\u585e\u798f\u53c8\u5728 1909 \u5e74\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u5b50\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u8ddf\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3002\u6ce2\u8033\u63a1\u7528\u62c9\u585e\u798f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u84b2\u6717\u514b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728 1913 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce2\u8033\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4ee5\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u82ae\u5f97\u67cf\u5149\u8b5c\u516c\u5f0f (Rydberg formula) \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u5149\u8b5c\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u5143\u7d20\u9031\u671f\u8868\u7684\u7d42\u7bc7\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5c11\u4e86\u83ab\u585e\u840a (Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley) \u767c\u73fe\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u83ab\u585e\u840a\u5728 1913 \u5e74\u9032\u884c\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u91d1\u5c6c\u9776\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c\u653e\u51fa\u7684\uff38\u5149\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9031\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u540c\u5217\u91d1\u5c6c\u653e\u51fa\u7684\uff38\u5149\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u6b63\u6574\u6578\u6578\u5217\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u5947\u5999\u7684\u6b63\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4eca\u7a31\u70ba\u83ab\u585e\u840a\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6b63\u6574\u6578\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8a72\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u88e1\u982d\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\uff1b\u8cea\u5b50\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u5fc5\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u6578\u76ee\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u3002\u83ab\u585e\u840a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u6ce2\u8033\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u904e\u6e21\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ce6\u4e88\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u7a81\u98db\u731b\u9032\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 1910 \u5e74\u4ee3 \u7684\u982d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u5e36\u4f86\u5929\u5149\u65e2\u767d\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u83ab\u585e\u840a\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u9663\u4ea1\uff0c\u6642\u5e74\u50c5 27 \u6b72\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5018\u82e5\u83ab\u585e\u840a\u6c92\u6709\u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 1916 \u5e74\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5c07\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u70ba\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u754c\u722d\u8ad6\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u5b50\u88e1\u982d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6578\u5b57\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u88e1\u982d\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u7c21\u8ff0\u81ea\u9053\u8033\u9813\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63ed\u958b\u539f\u5b50\u5967\u7955\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6698,1750,32,3293,6443],"tags":[3761,1309,3762,3638,3763,2360,2276],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/maxresdefault-1-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30475"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30475"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42231,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30475\/revisions\/42231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}