{"id":30474,"date":"2018-03-13T00:00:08","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T16:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30474"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:52:53","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T03:52:53","slug":"%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%e8%81%96%e6%9d%af%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30474","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8056\u676f\u4e4b\u65c5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AvXu473frM0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u6700\u665a\u7684\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e0a\u5f9e\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u3001\u9053\u8033\u9813\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8aaa\u5230\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5be6\u5247\u500d\u6975\u8271\u8f9b\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u56de\u9867\u9019\u6bb5\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8056\u676f\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u5fc3\u8aa0\u5247\u9748\u300d\u8d70\u5230\u300c\u773c\u898b\u70ba\u6191\u300d\u7684\u6f2b\u6f2b\u9577\u8def\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff5c\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388&nbsp; \u674e\u7950\u6148<br \/>\n\u6574\u7406\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ddf\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u8655\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u6478\u7d22\u89c0\u5bdf\u7269\u8cea\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u9069\u7576\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u537b\u8db3\u8db3\u82b1\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5fb7\u8b28\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u65af\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u8aaa\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u723e\u300d\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u5ba2\u89c0\u4f9d\u64da\uff1b\u76f4\u5230 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033\u4ee5\u300a\u61f7\u7591\u6d3e\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u300b (The Sceptical Chymist) \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u63a2\u8a0e\u7269\u8cea\u672c\u8cea\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u64fa\u812b\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u7684\u7aa0\u81fc\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033\u5c07\u5143\u7d20\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u6df7\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff1b\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8d77\u521d\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5920\u7528\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u9032\u884c\u79e4\u91cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u6d77\u723e\u8499\u7279 (Jan Baptist van Helmont) \u5c31\u7528\u67f3\u6a39\u6210\u9577\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u79e4\u91cd\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u8aaa\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u71c3\u71d2\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8b8a\u5316\u591a\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u71d2\u5b8c\u8b8a\u8f15\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u71d2\u5b8c\u8b8a\u91cd\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u71d2\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5148\u8b8a\u91cd\uff0c\u518d\u71d2\u4e0b\u53bb\u53c8\u8b8a\u8f15\uff1b\u5728 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u71c3\u7d20\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u91cd\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u865f\u7a31\u300c\u6700\u5c08\u696d\u696d\u9918\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5668\u6750\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u71c3\u71d2\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u71c3\u7d20\u8aaa\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u653b\u81ea\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u9664\u4e86\u91d0\u6e05\u71c3\u7d20\u8aaa\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4e4b\u8655\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u547d\u540d\u8207\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\u5247\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u88fd\u5929\u5e73\u53ef\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u5230 0.0005 \u514b\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u6700\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u79e4\u91cd\u5be6\u9a57\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7e3d\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u7b49\u65bc\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7e3d\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u540d\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u5927\u822a\u6d77\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u898b\u7684\u9999\u6599\u8ddf\u8349\u85e5\u9032\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u539f\u6599\u3002\u745e\u5178\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u820d\u52d2 (Carl Wilhelm Scheele) \u4fbf\u662f\u7576\u6642\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u63d0\u7149\u51fa\u6ab8\u6aac\u9178\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u3001\u860b\u679c\u9178\u3001\u4e73\u9178\u53ca\u5c3f\u9178\u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u9178\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7d14\u5ea6\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u7684\u70cf\u52d2 (Friedrich W\u00f6hler) \u548c\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c (Justus von Liebig) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u9178\u8f49\u63db\u53cd\u61c9\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6a39\u7acb\u4e86\u5178\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b78\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u6709\u8457\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u98db\u6c96\u5929\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u8b49\u5be6\uff08\u6216\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\uff09\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u3002\u9053\u8033\u9813\u8a8d\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5247\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7d50\u5408\u800c\u6210\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5728 1803 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\u8207\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u7d44\u6210\u3001\u7576\u91cf\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8981\u5230\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u5206\u5b50\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u624d\u7e3d\u7b97\u7372\u5f97\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9580\u5f97\u5217\u592b\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u805e\u540d\u65bc\u4e16\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8868\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u505a\u51fa\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u672a\u77e5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u795e\u9810\u6e2c\u300d\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u96d6\u7136\u5404\u57f7\u5df1\u898b\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f11\u4e86\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u7d42\u7a76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5316\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8056\u676f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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