{"id":30450,"date":"2018-02-28T00:30:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T16:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30450"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T03:54:01","slug":"%e5%95%9f%e8%92%99%ef%bc%9f%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%e5%bb%ba%e6%a7%8b%ef%bc%9f%e8%88%87%e5%8d%9a%e7%89%a9%e9%a4%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%aa%95%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30450","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u555f\u8499\uff1f\u77e5\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb\uff1f\u8207\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u8a95\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ofod3Szf75Q\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5b78\u6703\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9928\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u670d\u52d9\u70ba\u5b97\u65e8\u7684\u975e\u71df\u5229\u5e38\u8a2d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u8207\u5c55\u89bd\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u6709\u5f62\u548c\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u53ca\u5a1b\u6a02\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u81ea 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u537b\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u978f\u56fa\u570b\u5bb6\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u8a2d\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u5e36\u9818\u807d\u773e\u8d70\u904e\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u6b64\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u73fe\u4ee3\u535a\u7269\u9928\u6240\u5ba3\u63da\u7684\u555f\u8499\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\u2502\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u738b\u8212\u4fd0<br \/>\n\u6574\u7406\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u555f\u8499\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8996\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8207\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u85c9\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u5f9e\u7121\u77e5\u8207\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e2d\u89e3\u812b\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u72c4\u5fb7\u7f85 (Denis Diderot) \u5728 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u7de8\u7e82\u7684\u300a\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u300b (Encyclop\u00e9die) \uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u555f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7522\u7269\uff1b\u800c\u7e7c\u627f\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u7406\u6027\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u641c\u7f85\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6587\u7269\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u5730\u300c\u5c55\u793a\u300d\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u300c\u5947\u73cd\u7570\u5bf6\u5c55\u793a\u9593\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8cb4\u65cf\u7375\u5947\u8ddf\u70ab\u5bcc\u6240\u7528\uff1b\u5716\u66f8\u3001\u6a19\u672c\u8ddf\u6587\u7269\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u96dc\u4e82\u5730\u5806\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u6574\u7406\u5206\u985e\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4ee5 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u535a\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u65af\u9686 (Hans Sloane) \uff0c\u8eab\u5f8c\u6350\u8d08\u7d66\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u4e03\u842c\u591a\u4ef6\u85cf\u54c1\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u64da\u6b64\u6210\u7acb\u4e26\u5728 1759 \u5e74\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u958b\u653e\u7684\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u628a\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u9928\u85cf\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\uff09\u5206\u9580\u5225\u985e\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u4ee5\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u6a19\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u6797\u5948 (Carl von Linn\u00e9) \u501f\u9451\u7406\u6027\u8207\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u985e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u9032\u884c\u968e\u5c64\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u884c\u5206\u9580\u5225\u985e\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u85cf\u54c1\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9760\u65af\u9686\u9019\u985e\u5927\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u6350\u8d08\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u9760\u8003\u53e4\u6216\u63a0\u596a\u7b49\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8ddf\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u5f80\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5c0d\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u6709\u6240\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6587\u7269\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u64da\u6b64\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 1851 \u5e74\u59cb\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u89bd\u6703\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u5730\u7406\u4f5c\u70ba\u5206\u985e\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u516c\u958b\u5c55\u793a\u6587\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5c31\u6709\u628a\u5404\u5730\u4eba\u7a2e\u7576\u6210\u300c\u6587\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u9001\u5230\u535a\u89bd\u6703\u5834\u9032\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\u6309\u7167\u5730\u7406\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4eba\u7a2e\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8ddf\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7dca\u7dca\u5730\u6263\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u535a\u5384\u65af (Franz Boas) \uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u90e8\u843d\u6587\u5316\u6392\u5217\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u6bcf\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u500b\u5225\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u300c\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u4eba\u7a2e\u8ddf\u6587\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u54c1\u982d\u8ad6\u8db3\u6392\u9ad8\u4e0b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5b78\uff0c 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u535a\u7269\u9928\u8fd1\u671f\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u666e\u4e16\u535a\u7269\u9928\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8b8a\u9769\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5b78\u6703\u5728 2007 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