{"id":30375,"date":"2018-02-13T00:49:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T16:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30375"},"modified":"2018-07-29T19:06:10","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T11:06:10","slug":"%e7%8b%97%e7%8b%97%e4%b9%9f%e6%9c%89%e8%87%aa%e6%88%91%e6%84%8f%e8%ad%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=30375","title":{"rendered":"\u72d7\u72d7\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u3001\u6d77\u8c5a \u3001\u5927\u8c61\u548c\u559c\u9d72\u7b49\u7b49\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u540c\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u72e9\u7375\u642d\u64cb\u2014\u2014<\/em>\u72d7\u72d7\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9673\u7469<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8cc8\u62c9\u666e (Gordon G. Gallup) \u767c\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u93e1\u50cf\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\u6e2c\u8a66\u300d (Mirror Self-Recognition Test, \u7c21\u7a31 MSR) \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u5426\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u5c07\u93e1\u5b50\u88e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5012\u5f71\u8996\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5247\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u6703\u5728\u53d7\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u93e1\u5b50\u624d\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9 (\u50cf\u662f\u81c9\u90e8) \u756b\u4e0a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8a18\u865f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u53d7\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\u5728\u770b\u904e\u93e1\u50cf\u5f8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6aa2\u8996\u4e26\u89f8\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u88ab\u756b\u4e0a\u8a18\u865f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u53d7\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u93e1\u4e2d\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc8\u62c9\u666e\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u9ed1\u7329\u7329 (Pan troglodytes) \u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5229\u7528 MSR\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u74f6\u9f3b\u6d77\u8c5a (Tursiops truncatus)\u3001\u4e9e\u6d32\u8c61 (Elephas maximus)\u3001\u559c\u9d72 (Pica pica) \u7b49\u7b49\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u516c\u8a8d\u76f8\u7576\u300c\u8070\u660e\u300d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u72d7\u72d7\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u7a7a\u6c23\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8de8\u7269\u7a2e\u793e\u4ea4\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u7406\u7576\u540c\u6a23\u5177\u5099\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c2010 \u5e74\u6fb3\u6d32\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90dd\u5a01\u723e (Tiffani Howell) \u548c\u73ed\u5948\u7279 (Pauleen Bennett) \u91dd\u5c0d\u56db\u5341\u96bb\u5bf5\u7269\u72d7\u9032\u884c\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u537b\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u72d7\u72d7\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8b58\u93e1\u5b50\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u904e MSR \u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u5df4\u7d0d\u5fb7\u5b78\u9662 (Barnard College) \u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u970d\u6d1b\u7dad\u8332 (Alexandra Horowitz) \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u72d7\u72d7\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4f86\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u55c5\u89ba\u800c\u975e\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u76f8\u7576\u4ef0\u8cf4\u53d7\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\u8996\u89ba\u80fd\u529b\u7684 MSR \u4f86\u6e2c\u9a57\u72d7\u72d7\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6070\u7576\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u55c5\u89ba\u93e1\u50cf\u6e2c\u8a66\u300d(Olfactory Mirror Test, \u7c21\u7a31 OM)\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u78ba\u8a8d\u72d7\u72d7\u662f\u5426\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5728 SMR \u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u5728\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u81c9\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6a19\u8a18\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5728\u93e1\u4e2d\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u970d\u6d1b\u7dad\u8332\u7684 OM \u5be6\u9a57\u5c07\u72d7\u72d7\u81ea\u8eab\u5c3f\u6db2\u7684\u5473\u9053\u8996\u70ba\u93e1\u50cf\u300c\u81ea\u8eab\u6a23\u8c8c\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5229\u7528\u6dfb\u52a0\u5916\u7269\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\u300c\u81ea\u8eab\u6a23\u8c8c\u300d\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u72d7\u72d7\u82b1\u8cbb\u5728\u805e\u52a0\u6599\u904e\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5c3f\u6db2\u5473\u9053\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u9ad8\u65bc\u805e\u81ea\u8eab\u5c3f\u6db2\u5473\u9053\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e5f\u9ad8\u65bc\u805e\u52a0\u6599\u7684\u5916\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u81ea\u8eab\u5c3f\u6db2\u6216\u662f\u719f\u6089\u72d7\u4f34\u5c3f\u6db2\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u72d7\u72d7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u72d7\u72d7\u7684\u5c3f\u6db2\u5473\u9053\u66f4\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u6d1b\u7dad\u8332\u8a8d\u72d7\u72d7\u82b1\u4e86\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u805e\u52a0\u6599\u904e\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5c3f\u6db2\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8cc8\u62c9\u666e\u7684\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u524d\u6aa2\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u81c9\u4e0a\u8a18\u865f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u72d7\u72d7\u548c\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u970d\u6d1b\u7dad\u8332\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u7121\u6cd5\u660e\u78ba\u5340\u5225\u51fa\u72d7\u72d7\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6210\u529f\u8a8d\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u72d7\u5473\u5438\u5f15 (\u800c\u4e14\u5be6\u9a57\u6a23\u672c\u6578\u504f\u5c11 --- \u53ea\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u96bb\u72d7\u72d7\u7d93\u6b77\u6574\u5957\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u970d\u6d1b\u7dad\u8332\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u50b3\u7d71 MSR \u6e2c\u8a66\u50c5\u80fd\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u8996\u89ba\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u611f\u5b98\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7814\u767c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u7260\u5011\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Gallup, G. G. (1970). Chimpanzees: self-recognition. Science, 167(3914), 86-87.<\/li>\n
  2. Horowitz, A. (2017). Smelling themselves: dogs investigate their own odours longer when modified in an \u201colfactory mirror\u201d test. Behavioural processes, 143, 17-24.<\/li>\n
  3. Howell, T. J., & Bennett, P. C. (2011). Can dogs (Canis familiaris) use a mirror to solve a problem?. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 6(6), 306-312.<\/li>\n
  4. Plotnik, J. M., De Waal, F. B., & Reiss, D. (2006). Self-recognition in an Asian elephant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(45), 17053-17057.<\/li>\n
  5. Prior, H., Schwarz, A., & G\u00fcnt\u00fcrk\u00fcn, O. (2008). Mirror-induced behavior in the magpie (Pica pica): evidence of self-recognition. PLoS biology, 6(8), e202.<\/li>\n
  6. Reiss, D., & Marino, L. (2001). Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(10), 5937-5942.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    --<\/strong><\/span>
    \n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u7469\u3000\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u614b\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u5fb7\u502b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u73fe\u70ba\u8036\u9b6f-\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u9662\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u25a0\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u3001\u6d77\u8c5a \u3001\u5927\u8c61\u548c\u559c\u9d72\u7b49\u7b49\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u540c\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u72e9\u7375\u642d\u64cb\u2014\u2014\u72d7\u72d7\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":30376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,26],"tags":[3746,93,3457],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/dog-705820_960_720.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30375"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30375"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31951,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30375\/revisions\/31951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}