{"id":29960,"date":"2017-12-04T00:12:15","date_gmt":"2017-12-03T16:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29960"},"modified":"2018-07-29T13:36:03","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T05:36:03","slug":"%e6%97%a9%e8%b5%b7%e7%9a%84%e9%b3%a5%e5%85%92%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%aa%e6%98%af%e6%9c%89%e8%9f%b2%e5%90%83-%e9%b3%a5%e9%a1%9e%e9%9d%a2%e5%b0%8d%e6%b0%a3%e5%80%99%e8%ae%8a%e9%81%b7%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29960","title":{"rendered":"\u65e9\u8d77\u7684\u9ce5\u5152\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u87f2\u5403\u2014\u2014\u9ce5\u985e\u9762\u5c0d\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u9762\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9ce5\u985e\u9078\u64c7\u5c07\u7522\u5375\u7684\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u65e9\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5247\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u7e41\u884d\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29962\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29962\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29962\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8636326715_b16401a111_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"312\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29962\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9Sheila Sund@flickr.com (CC BY 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\uff5c\u838a\u5b87\u771f<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5c0d\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u63a1\u53d6\u5169\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u56e0\u61c9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\u5206\u5e03\u5340\u57df\uff08range shift\uff09\uff1a\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c07\u6574\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u642c\u5230\u7def\u5ea6\u6216\u6d77\u62d4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\uff082\uff09\u7269\u5019\u5b78<sup>\u8a3b<\/sup>\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff08phenological shift\uff09\uff1a\u9019\u6307\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u7269\u7a2e\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u751f\u9577\u3001\u7e41\u884d\u3001\u67af\u840e\u3001\u9077\u5f99\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u524d\u8005\uff08\u5927\u642c\u5bb6\uff09\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5c0b\u627e\u6700\u9069\u751f\u5b58\u6eab\u5ea6\uff08thermal niche\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\uff08\u7269\u5019\u5b78\u6539\u8b8a\uff09\u5247\u662f\u8ffd\u5c0b\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u8c50\u76db\u300d\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u9ce5\u985e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u5e36\u4f86\u5169\u5927\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u66dd\u9732\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u672c\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u6642\u9593\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u767c\u751f\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u56e0\u61c9\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8207\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6574\u500b\u9ce5\u7fa4\u9077\u5f99\u5230\u8f03\u6dbc\u723d\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3001\u6216\u662f\u914d\u5408\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u7bc9\u5de2\u6642\u7bc0\uff08\u7e41\u884d\u3001\u7522\u5375\u3001\u5b75\u5316\u3001\u990a\u80b2\uff09\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\uff0c\u8207\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7e41\u884d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ce5\u985e\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u300c\u6700\u9069\u6eab\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u80b2\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1911\u81f31929\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5206\u6821\uff08UC Berkeley\uff09\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Joseph Grinnell\u5e36\u9818\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u8490\u96c6\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u52a0\u5dde\u52d5\u7269\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5341\u5206\u73cd\u8cb4\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u6bd4\u8f03\u52a0\u5dde\u9ce5\u985e\u8207\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u8207\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u9084\u662fUC Berkeley\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u7684Morgan Tingley\u8207\u5176\u5718\u968a\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u9ce5\u985e\u90fd\u9077\u5f99\u81f3\u66f4\u5317\u3001\u6216\u6d77\u62d4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u61c9\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8207\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/106\/Supplement_2\/19637.abstract?sid=27bc5105-44e5-44ba-b4df-6cf6b4716c71\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<\/sup><a href=\"http:\/\/mvz.berkeley.edu\/Grinnell\/index.html\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cTingley\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u90fd\u6709\u63a1\u53d6\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u6c92\u6709\u642c\u8d70\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u751f\u5b58\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u56e0\u61c9\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5eb7\u4e43\u72c4\u514b\u5927\u5b78\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7684Tingley\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u7387\u9818\u5718\u968a\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u52a0\u5dde\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u7bc9\u5de2\u884c\u70ba\u9032\u884c\u8490\u96c6\u8207\u6bd4\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2017\/11\/07\/1705897114\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>\u520a\u767b\u65bc2017\u5e7410\u6708\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u520a\uff08Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, PNAS\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u52a0\u5dde\u9ce5\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d00\u9304\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8207\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u6bd4\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u9019200\u591a\u7a2e\u9ce5\u985e\u88e1\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u7684\u7522\u5375\u671f\u9593\u5e73\u5747\u63d0\u65e9\u4e865-12\u5929\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7269\u5019\u5b78\u6539\u8b8a\u4e0d\u53ea\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u76db\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5375\u5b75\u5316\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5e73\u5747\u964d\u4f4e\u4e861\u00b0C\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u820775~100\u5e74\u524d\u5c0d\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4f55\u6211\u5011\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5c71\u5340\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u9ce5\u5152\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u800c\u642c\u5bb6\u7684\u3002\u300dBeissinger\u6559\u6388\u88dc\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u8a8d\u70ba\u9077\u5f99\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8ffd\u5c0b\u6700\u9069\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9077\u5f99\u6216\u662f\u7269\u5019\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5c0d\u65bc\u6700\u9069\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u8207\u6700\u76db\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u6b78\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u57282017\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u9ce5\u985e\u9078\u64c7\u5c07\u7522\u5375\u7684\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u65e9\uff08\u7269\u5019\u5b78\u6539\u8b8a\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u9054\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u5b75\u5316\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u751f\u7269\u5c0b\u627e\u6700\u9069\u6eab\u5ea6\u6700\u5e38\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u300c\u5927\u642c\u5bb6\u300d\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5206\u5e03\u5340\u57df\u6539\u8b8a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5927\u52d5\u4f5c\u5730\u642c\u96e2\u5bb6\u5712\u3001\u6216\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u642c\u96e2\u539f\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u4e00\u6a23\u5728\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u7e41\u884d\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u65cf\u7fa4\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u9ce5\u985e\u5728\u9069\u61c9\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u97cc\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b9a\u5606\uff01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u7269\u5019\u5b78\uff08phenology\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7d9c\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u5b78\u79d1\uff1b\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u8a18\u9304\u751f\u7269\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u7576\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9032\u884c\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6c23\u5019\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u751f\u7269\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5206\u6790\u6c23\u5019\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-017-05998-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How the early bird combats climate change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2017\/11\/07\/1705897114\">Phenological shifts conserve thermal niches in North American birds and reshape expectations for climate-driven range shifts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/news.berkeley.edu\/2017\/11\/13\/california-birds-nesting-a-week-earlier-than-they-did-a-century-ago\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California birds nesting a week earlier than they did a century ago<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>--<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u838a\u5b87\u771f\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u79d1\u6280\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c<wbr \/>\u73fe\u4efb\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u502b\u7406\u9818\u57df\u5c08\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u6a02\u4e4b\u4e8b\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fd7\u696d\uff0c\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e4b\u65bc\u6211\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<wbr \/>\u70ba\u57ce\u90a6\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u300a\u5065\u5eb7\u77e5\u5fc3\u300b\u4e4b\u683c\u4e3b\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u570b\u5167\u300a\u719f\u5e74\u8a8c\u300b<wbr \/>\u96dc\u8a8c\u91ab\u85e5\u65b0\u77e5\u7279\u7d04\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u89f8\u89d2\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u5065\u5eb7\u662f\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c<wbr \/>\u8b93\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u4eba\u751f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u9762\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9ce5\u985e\u9078\u64c7\u5c07\u7522\u5375\u7684\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u65e9\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5247\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u7e41\u884d\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":29962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,26],"tags":[3668,307,760,363],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8636326715_b16401a111_z.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29960"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31920,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29960\/revisions\/31920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}