{"id":29894,"date":"2017-11-15T00:02:52","date_gmt":"2017-11-14T16:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29894"},"modified":"2018-07-29T13:00:59","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T05:00:59","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9147-%e6%b5%b7%e5%a7%91%e8%98%ad%e4%b9%8b%e5%a4%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29894","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301147 \u6d77\u59d1\u862d\u4e4b\u591c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u58de\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u300d\u2500\u2500\u72c4\u66f4\u65af<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e0d\u807d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u300d\u2500\u2500\u502a\u5321<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u51431924\u5e74\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u90fd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u5e7e\u500b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8b80\u5230\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7dda\u66d9\u5149(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e<\/a>\u3009)\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u5291\u5f37\u5fc3\u91dd\uff0c\u8b93\u611b\u6c0f\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5145\u6eff\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\u4e26\u975e\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u90a3\u9ebc\u6a02\u89c0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5305\u7acb(Wolfgang Pauli, 1900-1958)\u9019\u4f4d\u300c\u7269\u7406\u795e\u7ae5\u300d\u4fbf\u62b1\u6301\u76f8\u7576\u60b2\u89c0\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u5305\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u6cc1\u9084\u662f\u6a02\u89c0\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\u30021925\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5beb\u7d66\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u4eca\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u592a\u591a\u3002\u6211\u591a\u9ebc\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500b\u559c\u5287\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7269\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u7acb\u7684\u60b2\u89c0\u5176\u4f86\u6709\u81ea\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u770b\u4f3c\u767e\u82b1\u9f4a\u653e\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u898b\u62db\u62c6\u62db\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4f5c\u6230\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6050\u6015\u5305\u7acb\u505a\u5922\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5beb\u9019\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u9580\u5e2b\u5f1f\u5373\u5c07\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u5834\u91cf\u5b50\u9769\u547d\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u5e2b\u5f1f\u4e0d\u662f\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9f0e\u9f0e\u5927\u540d\u7684\u6d77\u68ee\u5821(Werner Heisenberg, 1901-1976)\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5305\u7acb\u4e00\u6a23\u4e8c\u5341\u51fa\u982d\u5c31\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5169\u4eba\u5404\u5954\u524d\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29895\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29895\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29895\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/47-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"347\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29895\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5305\u7acb(\u5de6)\u8207\u6d77\u68ee\u5821(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u6069\u5e2b\uff1a\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u7d22\u672b\u83f2(Arnold Sommerfeld, 1868-1951)\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u8001\u677f\u300d\u73bb\u6069(Max Born, 1882-1970)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u548c\u4ed6\u6700\u6295\u5951\u7684\u6ce2\u8033\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u73bb\u6069\u7684\u8a31\u53ef\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u4e39\u9ea5\u8ffd\u96a8\u6ce2\u8033\u5927\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u6cbb\u5b78\u7684\u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u671f\u3002\u8a71\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u5c0d\u6ce2\u8033\u5d07\u656c\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7834\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u8b0e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u537b\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6478\u7d22\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u8ddf\u6ce2\u8033\u5531\u53cd\u8abf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u647b\u96dc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c(\u5305\u62ec\u983b\u7387\u548c\u5f37\u5ea6)\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6578\u64da\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u80fd\u968e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96e2\u6563\u8ecc\u9053\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u99d0\u6ce2\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u662f\u6ce2\u8033\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u9a57\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u5fcd\u75db\u653e\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u5e74\u7d00\u8f15\u8f15\u5c31\u7acb\u4e0b\u5b8f\u9858\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u300d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29896\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29896\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29896\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/47-2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"255\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29896\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u6069\u5e2b\uff1a\u7d22\u672b\u83f2(\u5de6)\u3001\u73bb\u6069(\u4e2d)\u3001\u6ce2\u8033(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u61c9\u4e86\u7a4d\u52de\u6210\u75be\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c1925\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u525b\u5f9e\u4e39\u9ea5\u56de\u5230\u5fb7\u570b\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u7f79\u60a3\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u82b1\u7c89\u71b1\uff0c\u6574\u5f35\u81c9\u816b\u5f97\u50cf\u88ab\u75db\u6bc6\u4e00\u9813\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u73bb\u6069\u8acb\u5169\u9031\u75c5\u5047\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5927\u672c\u71df\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u300c\u8349\u6728\u4e0d\u751f\u300d\u8457\u7a31\u7684\u6e21\u5047\u52dd\u5730\u7642\u990a\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u5317\u6d77\u5cb8\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6d77\u59d1\u862d\u5cf6(Heligoland=Helgoland)\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u8ddd\u96e2\u5927\u7d04350\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u9060\u96e2\u82b1\u7c89\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5f88\u5feb\u6709\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4ed6\u7576\u7136\u9592\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6563\u6b65\u548c\u6e38\u6cf3\u7b49\u5065\u8eab\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5fc3\u7121\u65c1\u9a16\uff0c\u9032\u5c55\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u9806\u5229\uff0c\u67d0\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7d42\u65bc\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u4ed6\u56de\u61b6\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u524d\u5e7e\u9805\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u9055\u80cc\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\uff0c\u6211\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u7576\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u7c97\u5fc3\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u51cc\u6668\u4e09\u9ede\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u7d42\u65bc\u51fa\u7210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u9805\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u616e\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u8208\u596e\u4e86\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7761\u4e0d\u8457\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u66d9\u5149\u4e4d\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5411\u5c0f\u5cf6\u5357\u7aef\u8d70\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u5152\u6709\u500b\u4f38\u5230\u6d77\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u722c\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u600e\u9ebc\u96e3\u722c\uff0c\u6211\u6c92\u82b1\u4ec0\u9ebc\u529b\u6c23\u5c31\u722c\u5230\u9802\u7aef\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5f85\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u7b49\u5f85\u65e5\u51fa\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u77e5\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u53e5\u8a71(\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u722c\u4e0a\u53bb\u2026\u2026)\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u96d9\u95dc\u8a9e\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u4e26\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7814\u7a76\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7c21\u8ae7\u632f\u76ea\u300d\u7576\u4f5c\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e26\u7121\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u9580\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u5929\u8a95\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u523b\u610f\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u77e9\u9663\u529b\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f86\u5b83\u4ee5\u77e9\u9663\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f86\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u8ddf\u5b83\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u79ae\u7684\u300c\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u5225\u4ee5\u70ba\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u77e9\u9663\u9032\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u672a\u63a5\u89f8\u904e\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578\u6216\u77e9\u9663\u7406\u8ad6(\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5404\u8d70\u5404\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u758f\u9060)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u6578\u5b78\u672c\u8cea\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u77e9\u9663\u4ee3\u6578\u548c\u77e9\u9663\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u7684\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u555f\u767c\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u4ee5\u9589\u9580\u9020\u8eca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6478\u7d22\u51fa\u4e86\u77e9\u9663\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u3002\u5b78\u904e\u77e9\u9663\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u77e9\u9663\u4e58\u6cd5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373AB\u2260BA\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u8eab\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u8d77\u521d\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5e78\u597d\u4ed6\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u9817\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u8f15\u6613\u653e\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c07\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6539\u5beb\u6210\u77e9\u9663\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u77e9\u9663\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u77e9\u9663\u64c1\u6709\u7121\u7aae\u591a\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f2x3, 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id=\"attachment_29898\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29898\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29898\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/47-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"313\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29898\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u73bb\u6069\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u5893\u7891(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1a\u77e9\u9663\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u77f3\u300d\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u7bc7\u5b8c\u6210\u65bc1925\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u3008\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\u904b\u52d5\u5b78\u8207\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f0f\u3009\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba\u6d77\u68ee\u5821<\/p>\n<p>2.\u3008\u8ad6\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3009\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba\u73bb\u6069\u8207\u7d04\u7576(P. 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