{"id":29759,"date":"2017-10-18T00:42:04","date_gmt":"2017-10-17T16:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29759"},"modified":"2018-07-29T12:17:20","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T04:17:20","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e9%ab%94%e5%85%a9%e9%9d%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29759","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301143 \u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>1905\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u3008\u95dc\u65bc\u5149\u4e4b\u7522\u751f\u8207\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u555f\u767c\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u3009\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u300d(\u5fb7heuristischen, \u82f1heuristic)\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u975e\u5e38\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u4e00\u982d\u9727\u6c34\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u300d\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u52c9\u5f37\u53ca\u683c\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u627e\u300d\uff0c\u672c\u610f\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u300c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u627e\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u300d\uff1b\u5b83\u986f\u7136\u548c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u7576\u5e74\u5927\u558a\u7684\u300c\u6211\u627e\u5230\u5566\u300d(\u5fb7heureka, \u82f1eureka)\u6709\u89aa\u621a\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5c31\u4e0d\u591a\u52a0\u8003\u64da\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u300c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u985e\u4f3c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u300c\u521d\u63a2\u300d\uff0c\u842c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u906d\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4e00\u9ede\u64cb\u7bad\u724c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u611b\u6c0f\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u64d4\u5fc3\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4ed6\u64d4\u5fc3\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7121\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u300c\u5149\u5b50\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u719f\u6089\u611b\u6c0f\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u9bae\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u524d\u56e0\u5f8c\u679c\u727d\u6d89\u592a\u5ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u8a71\u8aaa\u5f9e\u982d\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9577\u4e45\u7684\u722d\u8b70<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u5169\u500b\u91dd\u92d2\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u8207\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5e2b\u725b\u9813\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281675\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u3008\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u6027\u8cea\u4e4b\u5047\u8a2d\u3009\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u8207\u6298\u5c04(\u5f8c\u8005\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6280\u8853\u6e2c\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86)\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u725b\u9813\u7d55\u975e\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u5b78\u8005\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6<\/a>\u3009)\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u5149\u7531\u773e\u591a\u5fae\u7c92\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u96d6\u5feb\u537b\u6709\u9650\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u725b\u9813\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5169\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u96d6\u7136\u8d77\u6b65\u8f03\u665a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u624d\u8f29\u51fa\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u6709\u4e86\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c45\u4e0a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u57f9\u6839(Roger Bacon)\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u9ede\u727d\u5f37\u9644\u6703\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u82e5\u8aaa\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u662f\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u7684\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u57fa\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5805\u4fe1\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u300c\u4ee5\u592a\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u795e\u79d8\u7269\u8cea(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u96fb\u5b78\u725b\u9813<\/a>\u3009)\uff0c\u800c\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u5f7c\u6b64\u63a8\u52d5\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5927\u7d04\u767c\u5c55\u65bc1630\u5e74\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5e36\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u54f2\u5b78\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u52c9\u5f37\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u5149\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29761\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29761\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29761\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/43-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"465\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29761\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u4ee5\u592a\u300d\u985e\u4f3c\u7121\u6578\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7403\u53d7\u5230\u64fe\u52d5\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u6703\u5c07\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u50b3\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7403\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u6a5f\u5236\u3002(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9694\u6d77\u5531\u548c\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u725b\u9813\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u6b7b\u5c0d\u982d\u80e1\u514b(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8ab0\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005<\/a>\u3009)\u3002\u516c\u51431665\u5e74\uff0c\u80e1\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee5\u592a\u662f\u5149\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u5c07\u5149\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ee5\u592a\u7684\u632f\u52d5\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u6ce2(\u6b63\u5982\u6f23\u6f2a\u7b49\u65bc\u6c34\u6ce2)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u502b\u6d77\u5cfd\u5f7c\u5cb8\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u2500\u2500\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7684\u9580\u751f\u60e0\u66f4\u65af(C. Huygens, 1629-1695)\u3002\u60e0\u66f4\u65af\u65bc1678\u5e74\u5728\u80e1\u514b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c64\u6a13\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1690\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u5c08\u66f8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4e16\u6709\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u4ecd\u6703\u5728\u8ab2\u672c\u4e2d\u8b80\u5230\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u60e0\u66f4\u65af\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29762\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29762\" style=\"width: 291px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29762\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/43-2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"269\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u300c\u60e0\u66f4\u65af\u539f\u7406\u300d\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\u6ce2\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u524d\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u6ce2\u524d\u300d\u7b49\u65bc\u300c\u4e0b\u4e00\u523b\u7684(\u7121\u6578)\u6ce2\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5716\u5373\u70ba\u4ee5\u672c\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u91cb\u5e73\u9762\u6ce2\u8207\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\u7684\u884c\u9032\u3002(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8b1b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u505a\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6574\u7406\uff1a\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u8207\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u5169\u5927\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u884c\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u516c\u51431803\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u9663\u71df\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u751f\u529b\u8ecd\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u96d9\u72f9\u7e2b\u5e72\u6d89\u5be6\u9a57(\u4ea6\u7a31\u694a\u6c0f\u5e72\u6d89\u5be6\u9a57)\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u5e72\u6d89\u300d\u662f\u6ce2\u52d5\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u56e0\u6b64\u58eb\u6c23\u5927\u632f\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u9577\u4e45\u672a\u66fe\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u8840\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9010\u6f38\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u63d0\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c07\u5149\u6ce2\u8996\u70ba\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28570\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5149\u5b78\u7d42\u7d50\u8005<\/a>\u3009)\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u5247\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6210\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u9673\u8e5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u63d0\u51fa\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7121\u7570\u65bc\u5fa9\u8208\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u843d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5247\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9072\u4f86\u7684\u9435\u8b49<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e0d\u4f46\u8aaa\u7406\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8b49\u64da\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6839\u64da\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u7121\u53ef\u6311\u5254\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6559\u6750\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7406\u8ad6\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u5149\u5b50\u62b1\u6301\u904e\u5ea6\u56b4\u82db\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u76f8\u4fe1\u611b\u6c0f\u7684\u4eba\u5be5\u5be5\u7121\u5e7e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u8aaa\u7684\u9435\u8b49\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u554f\u4e16\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u666e\u9813(A. Compton, 1892-1962)\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u516c\u51431922\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5617\u8a66\u7528X\u5c04\u7dda\u649e\u64ca\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73feX\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6703\u56e0\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u675f\u9ec3\u5149\u649e\u4f86\u649e\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u649e\u6210\u7d05\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5149\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u5b83\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3002\u82e5\u5c07X\u5c04\u7dda\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u649e\u64ca\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u56e0\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u983b\u7387\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u96e3\u984c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u5c07\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u516c\u8af8\u65bc\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u53d7\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u722d\u8b70\u5230\u6b64\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u53cd\u5012\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce2\u52d5\u8207\u5fae\u7c92\u662f\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u7121\u7570\u65bc\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u660e\u660e\u64c1\u6709\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7248\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa(\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2)\u548c\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa(\u5149\u5b50)\u96d6\u7136\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u624e\u5be6\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u537b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea5\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6ce2\u8033(N. Bohr, 1885-1962)\u65bc1927\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u4e92\u88dc\u539f\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u5316\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u52e2\u540c\u6c34\u706b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e92\u88dc\u539f\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u96d6\u7136\u6df1\u5967\uff0c\u5e78\u597d\u4e0d\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u5716\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7528\u4f86\u793a\u7bc4\u300c\u8996\u932f\u89ba\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5716\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u500b\u82b1\u74f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5169\u5f35\u4eba\u81c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5f7c\u6b64\u525b\u597d\u300c\u4e92\u88dc\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u7121\u6cd5\u540c\u6642\u770b\u5230\u5169\u8005\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u82b1\u74f6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4eba\u81c9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29763\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29763\" style=\"width: 305px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29763\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/43-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29763\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>(\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u82b1\u74f6\u9084\u662f\u4eba\u81c9\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7686\u662f\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7686\u975e\uff1f\u8acb\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u59a8\u975c\u4e0b\u5fc3\u4f86\u60f3\u60f3\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u85c9\u8457\u9019\u500b\u985e\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96e3\u77ad\u89e3\u4e92\u88dc\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8207\u5fae\u7c92\u6027\u525b\u597d\u4e92\u88dc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u5169\u8005\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230(\u670d\u5f9e\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u65b9\u7a0b\u7d44\u7684)\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e0d\u5230(\u670d\u5f9e\u5149\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684)\u5fae\u7c92\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300c\u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6210\u8a9e\u4f86\u505a\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u524d\u9762\u548c\u80cc\u9762\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u524d\u80f8\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8c\u80cc\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u548c\u80cc\u9762\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u7247\u9762\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u524d\u9762\u300d\u548c\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u756b\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u2500\u2500\u6b63\u5982\u7121\u8ad6\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u6216\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u8868\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u539f\u59cb\u6216\u591a\u9ebc\u5148\u9032\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa\u6216\u5fae\u7c92\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u7121\u7570\u65bc\u76f2\u4eba\u6478\u8c61\u3002\u552f\u6709\u6839\u64da\u4e92\u88dc\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c07\u5149\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6ce2\u8207\u5fae\u7c92\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u898b\u5230\u9019\u96bb\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u4f60\u5149\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u59a8\u7fa9\u6b63\u8a5e\u56b4\u5730\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u300c\u5149\u65e2\u662f\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5fae\u7c92\uff1b\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u5fae\u7c92\u3002\u300d\u7136\u5f8c\u8d95\u7dca\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u5f04\u7384\u865b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9644\u9304\uff1a\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5947\u8e5f\u5e74<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1905\u5e74\u662f\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5947\u8e5f\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e3d\u5171\u5beb\u4e86\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f27\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d21\u7bc7\u662f\u8a55\u8ad6\u4ed6\u4eba\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u8b80\u66f8\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u8aaa\u4f86\u4e0d\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u611b\u6c0f\u7528\u529f\u4e4b\u52e4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u516d\u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u6b21\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u56db\u7bc7\u5247\u662f\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6708\u8ad6\u6587\uff1a\u3008\u95dc\u65bc\u5149\u4e4b\u7522\u751f\u8207\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u555f\u767c\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u3009(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a 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