{"id":29553,"date":"2017-10-04T00:27:27","date_gmt":"2017-10-03T16:27:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29553"},"modified":"2018-07-29T12:23:30","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T04:23:30","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9141-%e8%aa%b0%e8%b4%8f%e4%b8%8d%e4%ba%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29553","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301141 \u8ab0\u8d0f\u4e0d\u4e86"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u767d\u8a71\u71b1\u529b\u5b78<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u807d\u8aaa\u904e\u300c\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u4e09\u5927\u5b9a\u5f8b\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u6216\u8a31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u5927\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6709\u500b\u767d\u8a71\u6587\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5b87\u5b99\u597d\u4f3c\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u71b1\u91cf\u662f\u73fe\u91d1\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u6a19\u7684\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4f60\u8d0f\u4e0d\u4e86\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8f38\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u4f60\u9003\u4e0d\u6389\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u7528\u77ed\u77ed\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u4e00\u7db2\u6253\u76e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8d0f\u4e0d\u4e86\u300d\u662f\u6307\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u80fd\u91cf\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\uff0c\u9802\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u6253\u5e73\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf(\u5305\u62ec\u71b1\u91cf)\u5f7c\u6b64\u63db\u4f86\u63db\u53bb\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u5b78\u88e1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u501f\u7528\u4e26\u4e0d\u7f55\u898b\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u904b\u52d5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u662f\u8ddf\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u501f\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8f38\u300d\u5247\u662f\u6307\u71b1\u91cf\u5728\u8f49\u63db\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u96e3\u514d\u6703\u6709\u6d6a\u8cbb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6253\u5e73\u53ea\u662f\u7661\u5fc3\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u7d55\u7121\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u5341\u7126\u8033\u7684\u71b1\u80fd\u8f49\u6210\u5341\u7126\u8033\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u7e3d\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u71b1(\u4f8b\u5982\u4e09\u7126\u8033)\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8f49\u4e0d\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u504f\u504f\u53c8\u6536\u4e0d\u56de\u4f86(\u5c31\u7576\u4f5c\u4ed8\u7d66\u5b87\u5b99\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u624b\u7e8c\u8cbb\u5427)\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e03\u7126\u8033\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u901a\u901a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u56de\u71b1\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\u4e00\u53bb\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u662f\u640d\u5931\u4e86\u4e09\u7126\u8033\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u300c\u9003\u4e0d\u6389\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9003\u96e2\u9019\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8aaa\u4f60\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u5230\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f38\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u516c\u8a8d\u6700\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u767d\u8a71\u7248\u90fd\u5f88\u9055\u80cc\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7248\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u71b5\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5347\u81f3\u6975\u9650\u70ba\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u71b5\u300d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u771f\u8981\u8aaa\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5f97\u6d0b\u6d0b\u7051\u7051\u5beb\u4e0a\u4e00\u5169\u5343\u5b57\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u4e43\u81f3\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u76e1\u91cf\u7528\u300c\u4e82\u5ea6\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4ee3\u63db\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u671b\u6587\u751f\u7fa9(\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e82\u5ea6\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5347\u81f3\u6975\u9650\u70ba\u6b62)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8ab0\u6167\u773c\u7368\u5177\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u71b5\u548c\u4e82\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u68b5\u8c37<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29560\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29560\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29560\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"416\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29560\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7968\u9078\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc(Ludwig Boltzmann, 1844-1906)\u4e00\u5b9a\u699c\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u540d\u5217\u524d\u8305\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d81\u8457\u4ed6\u5728\u4e16\u6642\u8209\u884c\u9019\u5834\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70ba\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u300c\u71b5\u5373\u4e82\u5ea6\u300d\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u90fd\u5960\u57fa\u5728\u300c\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u9019\u500b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u504f\u504f\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e26\u975e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5728\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u59cb\u7d42\u8655\u65bc\u4eba\u55ae\u52e2\u5b64\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u8aaa\u9053\u8033\u9813(J. Dalton, 1766-1844)\u65e9\u57281803\u5e74\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6b20\u7f3a\u624e\u5be6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8aaa\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5927\u534a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ecd\u5c0d\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u62b1\u6301\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b78\u8aaa\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u552f\u80fd\u8ad6\u300d(energetics)\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u624d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u53ea\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u5982\u679c\u9019\u8b93\u4f60\u806f\u60f3\u5230E=mc<sup>2<\/sup>, \u5343\u842c\u5225\u518d\u60f3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\u8cea\u91cfm\u6d88\u5931\u6642\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u80fd\u91cfmc<sup>2<\/sup>, \u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u7269\u8cea\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u6c1b\u570d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u7b97\u5b64\u8ecd\u596e\u6230\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u597d\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u8e81\u9b31\u75c7\u60e1\u5316\u8207\u53ad\u4e16\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u2500\u25001906\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u966a\u4f34\u59bb\u5973\u53bb\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u8d81\u8457\u5728\u65c5\u9928\u7368\u8655\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e0a\u540a\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74\u516d\u5341\u4e8c\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4f4d\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8207\u756b\u5bb6\u68b5\u8c37\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ea4\u96c6\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u9577\u7720\u65bc\u5bb6\u9109\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u516c\u5893\uff0c\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u523b\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u5f0f(S=k.log W)\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u300c\u71b5\u5373\u4e82\u5ea6\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u7248\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8a72\u516c\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u6717\u514b(M. Planck, 1858-1947)\u65bc\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6539\u826f\u7248\u3002\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u516c\u5f0f\u65e9\u57281877\u5e74\u4fbf\u5df2\u554f\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u7d50\u69cb\u904e\u65bc\u7e41\u8907\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u672a\u66fe\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9806\u5e36\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684k\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u666e\u6717\u514b(\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d)\u767c\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29561\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29561\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29561\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29561\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7684\u5893\u7891(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u7c89\u7d72\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7684\u81ea\u6bba\u7576\u7136\u662f\u500b\u5927\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u627c\u8155\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u56a5\u6c23\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u6d6e\u73fe\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u518d\u5805\u6301\u5169\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u9019\u5834\u60b2\u5287\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u80fd\u89aa\u773c\u898b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u986f\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u66d9\u5149\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u767c\u8868\u65bc1905\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u3008\u8ad6\u61f8\u6d6e\u5fae\u7c92\u5728\u7a69\u5b9a\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u4ee5\u71b1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\u8ad6\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u3009\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5168\u7136\u63a1\u7528\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u4ee3\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u8207\u7c89\u7d72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u807d\u8aaa\u904e\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u300c\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u771f\u76f8\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e14\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u982d\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u6717(R. Brown, 1773-1858)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u690d\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u516c\u51431827\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7121\u610f\u9593\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u61f8\u6d6e\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u9032\u884c\u6975\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u662f\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u795e\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u6717\u6700\u521d\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u662f\u82b1\u7c89\u6240\u91cb\u653e\u7684(\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u4e26\u975e\u82b1\u7c89\u672c\u8eab)\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u548c\u751f\u547d\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7121\u6a5f\u5fae\u7c92\u4f86\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9084\u662f\u80fd\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u5e03\u6717\u56e0\u6b64\u65b7\u5b9a\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u751f\u547d\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6240\u77e5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u672a\u5984\u52a0\u81c6\u6e2c\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u6216\u6a5f\u5236(\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8868\u73fe)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u5f8b\u6b20\u7f3a\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002\u76f4\u52301905\u5e74\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u90a3\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u624d\u6025\u8f49\u76f4\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u6839\u64da\u611b\u6c0f\u7684\u56de\u61b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u64b0\u5beb\u8a72\u6587\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u4e26\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u9802\u591a\u53ea\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u611b\u6c0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u4e26\u975e\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u5047\u8aaa\u69cb\u601d\u8b49\u64da\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u611b\u6c0f\u7a81\u7136\u5192\u51fa\u300c\u61f8\u6d6e\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u9032\u884c\u6975\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u53ea\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u624b\u908a\u8cc7\u6599\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u958b\u982d\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\u5730\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\u5c071905\u5e74\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5947\u8e5f\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u5e74\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u7bc7\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5f9e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6642\u7a7a\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7269\u8cea\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f\u5c0d\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f69\u862d(J. Perrin, 1870-1942)\u4fbf\u6839\u64da\u611b\u6c0f\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8457\u624b\u9032\u884c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u7576\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\u670d\u4e86\u552f\u80fd\u8ad6\u9663\u71df\u7684\u5927\u5c07\u5967\u65af\u7279\u74e6\u5fb7(W. Ostwald, 1853-1932)\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u662f\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u751f\u524d\u7684\u6b7b\u5c0d\u982d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u4ea4\u9084\u4e0d\u932f\u2500\u2500\u611b\u6c0f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4f4d\u5967\u6c0f\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u662f1910\u5e74\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u901d\u4e16\u50c5\u56db\u500b\u5e74\u982d\uff01<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29562\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29562\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29562\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-3.jpg 980w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-3-600x416.jpg 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/41-3-800x555.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f69\u862d\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a18\u9304(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aInternet Archive)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u7684\u81ea\u6bba\u7576\u7136\u662f\u500b\u5927\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u627c\u8155\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u56a5\u6c23\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u6d6e\u73fe\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u518d\u5805\u6301\u5169\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u9019\u5834\u60b2\u5287\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u80fd\u89aa\u773c\u898b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u986f\u5b78\u3002<br 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