{"id":29382,"date":"2017-09-06T00:50:39","date_gmt":"2017-09-05T16:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29382"},"modified":"2018-07-29T11:29:20","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T03:29:20","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9137-%e5%85%a9%e9%9b%99%e6%85%a7%e7%9c%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29382","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301137 \u5169\u96d9\u6167\u773c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u500b\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u51431600\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u5230\u5169\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u6709\u4eba\u6167\u773c\u7368\u5177\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(Michael Faraday, 1791-1867)\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u505a\u904e\uff1a\u5728\u78c1\u9435\u4e0a\u64fa\u4e00\u500b\u6492\u6eff\u9435\u5c51\u7684\u786c\u7d19\u677f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8f15\u8f15\u6296\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9435\u5c51\u4fbf\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u6392\u6210\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5716\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29383\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29383\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29383\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/37-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"235\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29383\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(\u5de6)\u68d2\u72c0\u78c1\u9435\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u9435\u5c51\u6240\u6392\u6210\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff1b(\u53f3)\u68d2\u72c0\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u7684\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\uff0c\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5de6\u5716\u7684\u793a\u610f\u5716<br \/>(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u7aae\u5247\u8b8a\uff0c\u8b8a\u5247\u901a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u751f\u65bc\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u901d\u4e16\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u96d6\u7136\u7d14\u5c6c\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u6b21\u7121\u7e2b\u63a5\u8ecc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u8207\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u53d7\u904e\u6975\u5176\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u88ab\u8feb\u8f1f\u5b78\u53bb\u7576\u5b78\u5f92\u3002\u66f4\u5de7\u7684\u662f\u5c31\u9023\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u5144\u9577\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5ee0\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5247\u662f\u66f8\u7c4d\u88dd\u8a02\u5ee0\u7684\u5b78\u5f92\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6eff\u8179\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u82e6\u5b78\u81ea\u4fee\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u7a0b\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9580\u5b78\u554f\u6700\u96e3\u81ea\u4fee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c0d\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u4e00\u7ac5\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5df2\u5c0f\u6709\u540d\u6c23\u6642\uff0c\u5b89\u57f9\u7b49\u4eba\u5beb\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4ecd\u6703\u628a\u4ed6\u96e3\u5012\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e26\u672a\u6c23\u9912\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u63ee\u622a\u9577\u88dc\u77ed\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8d85\u4eba\u4e00\u7b49\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u57f9\u5c07\u78c1\u529b\u8996\u70ba(\u96fb\u6d41\u7522\u751f\u7684)\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\uff0c\u5c0e\u51fa\u5e7e\u689d\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5f0f(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u96fb\u5b78\u725b\u9813<\/a>\u3009)\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5247\u4ee5\u56db\u5169\u64a5\u5343\u65a4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u53d6\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u516c\u5f0f\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u7cbe\u78ba\uff0c\u537b\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u8aaa\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u7684\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u9435\u5c51\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u51431831\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5ba3\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8a73\u8ff0\u4ed6\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u78c1\u751f\u96fb\u300d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u96fb\u7dda\u6b63\u5728\u5207\u5272\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\uff0c\u90a3\u689d\u96fb\u7dda\u4e2d\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u96fb\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29384\" style=\"width: 540px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29384\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/37-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"212\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00(\u5716\u50cf\u7d20\u6750\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<br \/> \u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u57281831\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u597d\u5e7e\u7a2e\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u672c\u5716\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5c07\u96fb\u7dda\u6372\u6210\u87ba\u65cb\u72c0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u78c1\u9435\u5728\u5b83\u65c1\u908a\u5f80\u5fa9\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u4fbf\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u96fb\u7dda\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u96fb\u7dda\u4e2d\u5c31\u6703\u611f\u61c9\u51fa\u96fb\u6d41\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5f9e\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u5230\u78c1\u5834<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\uff0c\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u8033\u6709\u96fb\u529b\u7dda(\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u300d)\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u4ee5\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u96d6\u7136\u76f8\u7576\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u537b\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53d6\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u62b1\u6301\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5c0d\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u8a8d\u8b58\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u9010\u6f38\u6709\u4e86\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u820a\u8a8d\u70ba\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u537b\u76f8\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\u80cc\u5f8c\u96b1\u542b\u4e86\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u70ba\u4f55\u78ba\u5b9a\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff1f\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u771f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u300d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u4e00\u767e\u689d\uff1f\u4e00\u5343\u689d\uff1f\u4e00\u842c\u689d\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u7121\u9650\u591a\u689d\uff1f\u986f\u7136\u662f\u7121\u9650\u591a\u689d\u6bd4\u8f03\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u7121\u9650\u591a\u689d\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u64e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u96e2\u6563\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u9023\u7e8c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u300c\u5834\u300d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u6d41\u9ad4\u529b\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6d41\u9ad4\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u6703\u7528\u300c\u4e00\u7d44\u6d41\u7dda\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6d41\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u898f\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29385\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29385\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29385\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/37-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"271\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29385\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6a5f\u7ffc\u6a21\u578b\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u6d41\u7dda(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u6216\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u5f15\u9032\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u78c1\u529b\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u63a5\u89f8\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6253\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u300c\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\u5b78\u6d3e\u300d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u56b4\u683c\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u300c\u78c1\u5834\u300d\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u78c1\u529b\u7dda(\u4ee5\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f)\u63cf\u8ff0\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u60f3\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c64\u6a13\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff01<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29386\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29386\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29386\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/37-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"306\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29386\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(\u5de6)\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5f8c\u8d77\u4e4b\u79c0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01(James C. Maxwell, 1831-1879)\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u64c1\u6709\u7d55\u4f73\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5929\u5206\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u51fa\u982d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5617\u8a66\u501f\u7528\u6d41\u9ad4\u529b\u5b78(\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6d41\u7dda)\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba\u3008\u8ad6\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e4b\u529b\u7dda\u3009\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u6d41\u7dda\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u5c07\u300c\u529b\u7dda\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u539f\u672c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8d0a\u540c\u9019\u7a2e\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b50\u9678\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6(\u9ad8\u65af\u3001\u5b89\u57f9\u7b49\u4eba)\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u516c\u5f0f\u59cb\u7d42\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u7121\u52a9\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9020\u6210\u8aa4\u5c0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c0d\u9019\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u540c\u80de\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u5ea6\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5c31\u662f1857\u5e74\u4ed6\u5728\u5beb\u7d66\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u7528\u4e86\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5687\u4e00\u8df3\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u9a5a\u89ba\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u59cb\u7d42\u5c07\u9019\u4f4d\u524d\u8f29\u64fa\u5728\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u7d00\u5ff5\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4ee5\u529b\u7dda\u8655\u7406\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4ed6\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6bb5\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u300d\u5982\u679c\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u4ee4\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u7a81\u5140\u8207\u8cbb\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u60f3\u60f3\u8001\u5b50\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5927\u76f4\u82e5\u5c48\uff0c\u5927\u5de7\u82e5\u62d9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u50b3\u4e16\u4e4b\u4f5c\u300a\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u300b\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u89e3\u91cb\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8d8a\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff0c\u8d8a\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u4e26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u7b26\u865f\u3002\u6211\u9084\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u6539\u5beb\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u548c\u6b63\u7d71\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\u5145\u65a5\u6574\u500b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u529b\u7dda\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u770b\u898b\u7684\u5247\u662f\u9694\u7a7a\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u537b\u53ea\u6709\u8ddd\u96e2\u2026\u2026\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u6bd4\u65b9\uff1a\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u597d\u4f3c\u4e00\u584a\u749e\u7389\uff0c\u6709\u5e78\u53ca\u6642\u9047\u5230\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u96d5\u7422\u6210\u7121\u50f9\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u540c\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u5169\u96d9\u82f1\u570b\u571f\u751f\u571f\u9577\u7684\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4ee5\u96fb\u5834\u8207\u78c1\u5834\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28570\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5149\u5b78\u7d42\u7d50\u8005<\/a>\u3009)\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b50\u9678\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u300c\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u300d\u6b63\u5f0f\u8d70\u5165\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9644\u9304\u4e00\uff1a\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u4e09\u7bc7\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7d93\u5178\u8ad6\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1855\u5e74\uff1a\u3008\u8ad6\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e4b\u529b\u7dda\u3009(On Faraday's Lines of Force)<\/p>\n<p>1861\u5e74\uff1a\u3008\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u529b\u7dda\u3009(On Physical Lines of Force)<\/p>\n<p>1865\u5e74\uff1a\u3008\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3009(A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9644\u9304\u4e8c\uff1a\u78c1\u5834\u548c\u6f01\u7db2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u78c1\u9435\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u9435\u5c51\u53d7\u5230\u78c1\u9435\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u78c1\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6392\u51fa\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5716\u5f62\uff1b\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u5247\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u5f62\u7684\u300c\u7c21\u5316\u793a\u610f\u5716\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u8a31\u591a\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c1831\u5e74\u7684\u5275\u898b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u6b50\u9678\u5b78\u8005\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u78c1\u529b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u9435\u5c51\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4ecb\u8cea\u6216\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u9435\u5c51\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u529b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u529b\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5373\u4f7f\u53d6\u8d70\u9435\u5c51\uff0c\u8b93\u78c1\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u78c1\u529b\u7dda\u537b\u4f9d\u820a\u5b58\u5728(1845\u5e74\u8d77\u6539\u7a31\u78c1\u5834)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u8ad6\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9435\u5c51\uff0c\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u59cb\u7d42\u5145\u6eff\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6478\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9435\u5c51\uff0c\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u5c31\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7a7a\u9593\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8d8a\u8aaa\u8d8a\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u8457\u7528\u9b5a\u7db2\u6253\u500b\u6bd4\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6f01\u8239\u6355\u9b5a\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6492\u7db2\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u62d6\u7db2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u9b5a\u7fa4\u6642\u624d\u6703\u5c55\u958b\u6355\u6488\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9644\u8fd1\u6c92\u6709\u9b5a\u7fa4\uff0c\u6f01\u7db2\u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5728\u6f01\u8239\u4e2d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u5f88\u50cf\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u78c1\u9435\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9b5a\u7fa4\uff0c\u6f01\u8239\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u62d6\u8457\u4e00\u5f35\u5927\u7db2\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5728\u6d77\u4e2d\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u52e2\u529b\u7bc4\u570d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u78c1\u9435\u8207\u78c1\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u9b5a\u7db2\u4e5f\u7b97\u6f01\u8239\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u78c1\u9435(\u5411\u5916\u5ef6\u4f38)\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u6c92\u6709\u9435\u5c51\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5ef6\u4f38\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7d42\u5b58\u5728\u2500\u2500\u5b83\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5305\u570d\u8457\u78c1\u9435(\u6216\u96fb\u6d41)\u7684\u4e00\u5718\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u96fb\u5834\u5247\u662f\u5305\u570d\u8457\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u53ef\u8072\u7a31\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u73fe\u8c61\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u96fb\u7dda\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7d55\u975e\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u78c1\u9435\u5468\u570d\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u4e9b\u78c1\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u73fe\u8c61\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u62d6\u7db2\u4f86\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u62d6\u7db2\u6355\u9b5a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u6355\u5230\u534a\u689d\u9b5a\uff0c\u62d6\u7db2\u4ecd\u6703\u628a\u6d77\u5e8a\u7281\u904e\u4e00\u904d(\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6709\u8b58\u4eba\u58eb\u53cd\u5c0d\u62d6\u7db2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7b97\u6f01\u7db2\u8fd1\u4e4e\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u8089\u773c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u80fd\u6839\u64da\u6d77\u5e8a\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u90a3\u500b\u62d6\u7db2\u4e0d\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u7834\u58de\u751f\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29387\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29387\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29387\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/37-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29387\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u62d6\u7db2\u6f01\u8239\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u65b9\u5f0f(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" 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