{"id":29341,"date":"2017-08-16T09:16:03","date_gmt":"2017-08-16T01:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29341"},"modified":"2018-07-29T11:15:47","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T03:15:47","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9134-%e5%90%9b%e5%ad%90%e4%b9%8b%e7%88%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=29341","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301134 \u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u722d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u96fb\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u5834\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u722d\u3002\u5169\u4f4d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c(Luigi Galvani, 1737-1798)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u5728\u96fb\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6d41\u82b3\u767e\u4e16\u7684\u4f0f\u6253(Alessandro Volta, 1745-1827)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u9032\u5165\u6b63\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u7528\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u300c\u9a57\u96fb\u5668\u300d\u3002\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6aa2\u9a57\u7269\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u5e36(\u975c)\u96fb\u7684\u5100\u5668\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9a57\u96fb\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u662f\u5409\u4f2f\u7279\u767c\u660e\u7684\u96fb\u6a19(\u7d041600\u5e74\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5973\u738b\u8207\u6559\u7687<\/a>\u3009)\uff0c\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5247\u662f\u91d1\u7b94\u9a57\u96fb\u5668(1787\u5e74)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7531\u4f60\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5169\u4f4d\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6230\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u86d9\u817f\u548c\u820c\u982d\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u626e\u6f14\u9a57\u96fb\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29270\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29270\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29270\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/34-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"423\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29270\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c(\u5de6)\u8207\u4f0f\u6253(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u86d9\u817f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u51431791\u5e74\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7e3d\u7d50\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba\u3008\u8ad6\u808c\u8089\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u4e4b\u96fb\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u3009\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u7ae0\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e09\u7a2e\u540c\u4e2d\u6709\u7570\u3001\u7570\u4e2d\u6709\u540c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u80fd\u5920\u5c0e\u81f4(\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684)\u86d9\u817f\u62bd\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u653e\u5728\u5ba4\u5916\u7684\u86d9\u817f\u6703\u5728\u96f7\u96e8\u4e2d\u62bd\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u5169\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u548c\u86d9\u817f\u69cb\u6210\u8ff4\u8def(\u86d9\u817f\u2500\u2500\u7532\u91d1\u5c6c\u2500\u2500\u4e59\u91d1\u5c6c\u2500\u2500\u86d9\u817f)\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u62bd\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u7576\u6642\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u300c\u96fb\u7642\u6cd5\u300d\u6cbb\u7642\u7671\u7613(\u7642\u6548\u5982\u4f55\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u8aaa\u4e86)\u3002\u4ee5\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7576\u7136\u719f\u6089\u75c5\u60a3\u53d7\u5230\u96fb\u523a\u6fc0\u5f8c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7671\u7613\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u808c\u8089\u6703\u56e0\u800c\u62bd\u52d5\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5c4d\u584a\u51fa\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5947\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u81f3\u65bc\u86d9\u817f\u6703\u5728\u96f7\u96e8\u4e2d\u62bd\u52d5\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7684\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u86d9\u817f\u540c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u300c\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9a57\u96fb\u5668\u300d\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u529f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u795e\u5947\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u96fb\u6e90\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u86d9\u817f\u70ba\u4f55\u9084\u6703\u62bd\u52d5\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u82e6\u601d\u826f\u4e45\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff1a\u86d9\u817f\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u840a\u9813\u74f6\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b(\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8ff4\u8def)\u5b83\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u96fb\u4fbf\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u9084\u7279\u5225\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u7a2e\u96fb\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6b7b\u6d3b\u4e0d\u8ad6\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u52d5\u7269\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u7acb\u523b\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u96fb\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u9b5a\u985e\u9ad4\u5167\u2500\u2500\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u9c29\u8207\u96fb\u9c3b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u96fb\u9b5a\u548c\u9752\u86d9\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u80fd\u5426\u96a8\u610f\u653e\u96fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u81ea\u884c\u767c\u96fb\u4e26\u5584\u52a0\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u5247\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u300c\u751f\u547d\u529b\u300d\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u548c\u6469\u64e6\u96fb\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u7522\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6469\u64e6\u96fb\u53ef\u7531\u4eba\u5de5\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u88fd\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u300c\u6709\u6a5f(\u5316\u5408)\u7269\u300d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u975e\u5e38\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5805\u4fe1\u300c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u548c\u7121\u6a5f\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6a5f\u7269\u53ef\u7531\u4eba\u5de5\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u751f\u7269\u88fd\u9020\u3002\u300d\u76f4\u52301828\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5c3f\u7d20\u554f\u4e16\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u6253\u7834\u9019\u7a2e\u8ff7\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29271\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/34-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29271\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/34-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"1391\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u63d2\u5716\uff1a(\u4e0a)\u4eba\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u808c\u8089\u904b\u52d5\uff1b(\u4e2d)\u96f7\u96fb\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u808c\u8089\u904b\u52d5\uff1b(\u4e0b)\u751f\u7269\u96fb\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u808c\u8089\u904b\u52d5(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aInternet Archive)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4f0f\u6253\u7684\u820c\u982d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f0f\u6253\u548c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\u76f8\u7576\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\u537b\u662f\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u9130\u5c45(\u5f7c\u6b64\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u76f8\u8ddd\u50c5\u4e8c\u767e\u516c\u91cc)\uff0c\u800c\u5169\u4eba\u5e74\u7d00\u53ea\u5dee\u516b\u6b72\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u8f29\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u662f\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u5275\u9020\u7684\uff1b\u4f0f\u6253\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u751f\u547d\u529b\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u5e36\u6709\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u5b8c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u96a8\u5373\u9010\u4e00\u9a57\u8b49\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u2500\u2500\u4e26\u672a\u767c\u73fe\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u300c\u751f\u547d\u529b\u300d\u7684\u8e64\u8de1\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9a57\u8b49\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5be6\u9a57(\u86d9\u817f\u2500\u2500\u7532\u91d1\u5c6c\u2500\u2500\u4e59\u91d1\u5c6c\u2500\u2500\u86d9\u817f)\u505a\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u8abf\u6574\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u7528\u86d9\u817f\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u53d6\u4ee3\u6574\u689d\u817f\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u795e\u7d93\u5c45\u7136\u4e5f\u6703\u62bd\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u808c\u8089\u4e26\u975e\u5132\u96fb\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u820c\u982d\u53d6\u4ee3\u86d9\u817f\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u660e\u986f\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u9178\u5473\u2500\u2500\u985e\u4f3c\u820c\u982d\u53d7\u5230\u666e\u901a\u975c\u96fb\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u5b9a\u9019\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff1a\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e92\u76f8\u63a5\u89f8\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u5b83\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u6216\u751f\u7269\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u86d9\u817f\u53ea\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u9a57\u96fb\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u820c\u982d\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u8a95\u751f\u65bc1792\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u76f4\u52301799\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u624d\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u505a\u51fa\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9846\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5247\u662f\u6b21\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u5fd9\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5fd9\u8457\u548c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u6253\u7b46\u4ed7\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u978f\u56fa\u300c\u751f\u547d\u529b\/\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u60f3\u76e1\u8fa6\u6cd5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u898b\u62db\u62c6\u62db\uff0c\u56de\u64ca\u5c0d\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6ce2\u6ce2\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u4f50\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5834\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6230\u76f8\u7576\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u96d9\u65b9\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u98a8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u53e3\u51fa\u60e1\u8a00\u6216\u505a\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u722d\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u66fe\u807d\u8aaa\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u665a\u666f\u6dd2\u6dbc\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u548c\u9019\u5834\u8ad6\u6230\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u548c\u4f0f\u6253\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u6709\u5fc3\u8207\u7121\u5fc3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f0f\u6253\u7576\u521d\u767c\u660e\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4f86\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u653b\u64ca\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u7406\u8ad6(\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6a5f\u7269)\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f86\u5247\u662f\u60f3\u7528\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb\u96fb\u9c29\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u5236(\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u897f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u96fb\u9c29\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u96fb\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u7adf\u7136\u767c\u51fa\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u300c\u9023\u7e8c\u96fb\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u300d\uff0c\u9023\u767c\u660e\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u59cb\u6599\u672a\u53ca\u3002\u9019\u662f\u96fb\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6469\u64e6\u751f\u96fb(\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u4ee3\u52de)\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u975c\u96fb\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u65bc\u840a\u9813\u74f6\uff0c\u4f46\u653e\u96fb\u904e\u7a0b\u6709\u5982\u812b\u97c1\u91ce\u99ac\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7121\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u7d55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9023\u7e8c\u96fb\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u74f6\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u9748\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u660e\u8207\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e09\u8a00\u5169\u8a9e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8aaa\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u518d\u627e\u6a5f\u6703\u6162\u6162\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29272\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29272\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29272\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/34-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f0f\u6253\u5806(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9918\u7dd2\u4e00\u3001\u5176\u5be6\u4f0f\u6253\u4e5f\u932f\u4e86<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f0f\u6253\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u96fb(\u6d41)\u4f86\u81ea\u4e92\u76f8\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u7576\u5e74\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u4f86\u76f8\u7576\u8af7\u523a\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4f0f\u6253\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u767c\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u85cf\u8457\u300c\u4ee5\u5b50\u4e4b\u77db\u653b\u5b50\u4e4b\u76fe\u300d\u7684\u9435\u8b49\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u300c\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb\u300d\u5806\u758a\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5c64\u662f\u91d1\u5c6c(\u92c5\u8207\u9285)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u9593\u9084\u6709\u500b\u593e\u5fc3\u2500\u2500\u7528\u9e7d\u6c34\u6cbe\u6fd5\u7684\u7d19\u7247(\u6216\u5e03\u7247)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f0f\u6253\u4e00\u76f4\u8072\u7a31\u6fd5\u7d19\u7247\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u5c0e\u96fb\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u7121\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u5f9e\u672a\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u7d14\u7cb9\u4f7f\u7528\u91d1\u5c6c\u300d\u7684\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u4e2d\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u5b78\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u5316\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u96fb\u6c60\u300d\uff0c\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6fd5\u7d19\u7247\u3001\u9752\u86d9\u817f\u6216\u662f\u4f0f\u6253\u7684\u820c\u982d\uff0c\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f0f\u6253\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b78\u8005(G. Fabbroni)\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u300c\u63a5\u89f8vs.\u5316\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u6230\u6301\u7e8c\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\uff0c\u513c\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u5169\u5927\u9663\u71df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u8ad6\u6230\u624d\u7b97\u5875\u57c3\u843d\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u76f8\u7576\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9918\u7dd2\u4e8c\u3001\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u7b97\u932f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u300c\u5fc3\u96fb\u5716\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8166\u96fb\u5716\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8b5a(\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u8a0a\u865f\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5916\u63a5\u96fb\u6975\u5f8c\u624d\u7522\u751f\u7684)\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4f0f\u6253\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u529b\u9053\u592a\u5f37\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u5728\u8ad6\u6230\u4e2d\u4e00\u800c\u518d\u3001\u518d\u800c\u4e09\u5c45\u65bc\u4e0b\u98a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u6253\u5f97\u4e00\u6557\u5857\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u300c\u96fb\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u300d\u9019\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u6b7b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u505c\u6eef\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u7525(Giovanni Aldini)\u52aa\u529b\u7e7c\u627f\u8863\u7f3d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u7684\u5c4d\u8eab\u516c\u958b\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u5f71\u97ff\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u7684\u300c\u5b78\u8853\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u300d\u624d\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u53c8\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u96fb\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u7d42\u65bc\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u986f\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\uff1a\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u55ae\u4f4d\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u983b\u7387\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u8d6b\u8332(hertz)\u3001\u96fb\u963b\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u6b50\u59c6(ohm)\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5fe0\u5be6\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u62fc\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u662f\u5c07\u59d3\u6c0f\u7a0d\u52a0\u7c21\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u5bb9\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9(farad)\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(faraday)\uff0c\u96fb\u58d3\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u4f0f\u7279(volt)\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f0f\u6253(volta)\u3002\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u300c\u96fb\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u5018\u82e5\u5730\u4e0b\u6709\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6703\u505a\u4f55\u611f\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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