{"id":28946,"date":"2017-08-29T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-08-28T16:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28946"},"modified":"2023-06-06T13:34:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T05:34:29","slug":"eugenics-vs-%e5%84%aa%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%b8%ef%bc%9a%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e3%80%8c%e5%84%aa%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%8d%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%e9%ab%92%e5%ad%97%e7%9c%bc%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28946","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011Eugenics vs. \u512a\u751f\u5b78\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u300d\u4e0d\u662f\u9ad2\u5b57\u773c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xdj4g_nhk_E\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u4e00\u8a5e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u81ea\u82f1\u6587 eugenics \uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u7fa9\u662f\u300c\u826f\u597d\u300d\u8ddf\u300c\u751f\u6b96\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u300c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u300d\u4f86\u7ffb\u8b6f eugenics \uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u5341\u5206\u8cbc\u5207\u5230\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c eugenics \u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5982\u4eca\u6210\u70ba\u5e36\u6709\u8cb6\u610f\uff0c\u5c08\u4f9b\u7f75\u4eba\u7528\u7684\u9ad2\u5b57\u773c (a dirty word) \uff0c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u537b\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u63a8\u92b7\u5546\u54c1\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u4e2d\u897f\u547d\u904b\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5171\u540c\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3 \u738b\u9053\u9084\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9084\u662f\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u57f9\u80b2\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u9ede\u300c\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u723e\u300d\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u2014\u2014\u9f8d\u751f\u9f8d\uff0c\u9cf3\u751f\u9cf3\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u751f\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u6703\u6253\u6d1e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u81ea\u53e4\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u80ce\u6559\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b\u8ddf\u300a\u8cc8\u8abc\u65b0\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u5f9e\u9078\u64c7\u59bb\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u512a\u751f\u5b78\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u59cb\u65bc\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u8868\u5f1f\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u9ad8\u723e\u9813 (Francis Galton) \u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u8868\u54e5\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u907a\u50b3\u7522\u751f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5728 1869 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u5929\u624d\u300b (Hereditary Genius) \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u907a\u50b3\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff1b\u751f\u7269\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u8ddf\u4eba\u9ad4\u6e2c\u91cf\u5b78\u9019\u5169\u9580\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u9ad8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u526f\u7522\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u9000\u5316\u7a2e\u65cf\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5927\u767c\u73fe\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u660e\u5341\u5206\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u505c\u6eef\u751a\u81f3\u9000\u5316\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u88e1\u982d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u64c7\u300d (artificial selection) \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u70ba\u7a2e\u65cf\u9000\u5316\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u51fa\u65bc\u6fdf\u5f31\u6276\u50be\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8457\u624b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u793e\u6703\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u985e\u6574\u9ad4\u6587\u660e\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u8c6c\u968a\u53cb\u300d\u800c\u9000\u5316\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u61fc\u6015\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u70ba\u57fa\u56e0\u7f3a\u9677\u9020\u6210\u7684\u767d\u75f4\uff0c\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u660e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u62d6\u6cb9\u74f6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u80a1\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9000\u5316\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u8af8\u5982\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u525d\u596a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u6b0a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u9019\u500b\u601d\u60f3\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u6975\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u985e\u4f3c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53cd\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u6700\u529b\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u7406\u5bdf\u00b7\u8def\u6eab\u9813 (Richard Lewontin) \u7b49\u4eba\u5021\u5c0e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u6027\u9650\u5236\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u81ea\u6b64\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9ad2\u5b57\u773c\u3002\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u76f8\u5c0d\u6eab\u548c\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7be9\u6aa2\uff0c\u6301\u7591\u8005\u90fd\u7528 eugenics \u7d66\u5b83\u8cbc\u6a19\u7c64\uff1b\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u9ad4\u5728\u6279\u8a55\u5927\u9678\u7684\u4e00\u80ce\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u523b\u610f\u4f7f\u7528 eugenics \u9019\u500b\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u80ce\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5f9e\u672a\u6d88\u5931\u904e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u63a8\u884c\u9f13\u5439\u5c0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5176\u898f\u5283\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u7684\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u5927\u5c07\uff1b\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ee5\u7bc0\u80b2\u5c0d\u4ed8\u8ca7\u7aae\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5bb3\u6015\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53e3\u62d6\u7d2f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u76ea\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u7522\u9663\u71df\u7684\u51b7\u6230\u601d\u7dad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u8457\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4fc3\u6210\u50b3\u7d71\u80ce\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\u5fa9\u8208\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56b4\u5fa9\u5728\u4ed6\u6df1\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5929\u6f14\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u5f15\u7528\u9b4f\u65af\u66fc (August Weismann) \u7684\u751f\u6b96\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5f8c\u5929\u5f62\u8cea\u7121\u6cd5\u907a\u50b3\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u56b4\u5fa9\u8ddf\u5f8c\u8d77\u7684\u6881\u555f\u8d85\uff0c\u537b\u628a\u751f\u6b96\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u9644\u6703\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u80ce\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u80ce\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f9e\u5bb6\u65cf\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e2d\u570b\u5f0f\u7684\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u80ce\u6559\u53ea\u9f13\u52f5\u5927\u5bb6\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u512a\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u8abf\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u300c\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u751f\u80b2\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u9650\u5236\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u300c\u512a\u751f\u300d\u8457\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u65e2\u8cbc\u5207\u53c8\u8a0e\u559c\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u8ab0\u4e0d\u611b\u512a\u751f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u4e00\u8a5e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u81ea\u82f1\u6587 eugenics \uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u7fa9\u662f\u300c\u826f\u597d\u300d\u8ddf\u300c\u751f\u6b96\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u300c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u300d\u4f86\u7ffb\u8b6f eugenics \uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u5341\u5206\u8cbc\u5207\u5230\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c eugenics \u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5982\u4eca\u6210\u70ba\u5e36\u6709\u8cb6\u610f\uff0c\u5c08\u4f9b\u7f75\u4eba\u7528\u7684\u9ad2\u5b57\u773c (a dirty word) \uff0c\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u537b\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u63a8\u92b7\u5546\u54c1\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u4e2d\u897f\u547d\u904b\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":28947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6697,1750,3293,6695,6443,1026],"tags":[2961,1523,14,130],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/32400008d383e645de4.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28946"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28946"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42250,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28946\/revisions\/42250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}