{"id":28621,"date":"2017-08-04T00:09:03","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T16:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28621"},"modified":"2018-07-29T11:20:13","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T03:20:13","slug":"%e7%b5%b1%e4%b8%80%e8%88%87%e7%8d%a8%e7%ab%8b%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e5%af%8c%e8%98%ad%e5%85%8b%e6%9e%97%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28621","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301132 \u7d71\u4e00\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u2500\u2500\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7684\u6545\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u56db\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u5f9e\u672a\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u516b\u6210\u6703\u731c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u570b\u7236\u55ac\u6cbb\u2027\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u3002\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u73ed\u5091\u660e\u2027\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797(Benjamin Franklin)\u624d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u56db\u6b21\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\"
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\u25cf\u7d71\u4e00\u5927\u696d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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1.\u7528\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7d71\u4e00\u300c\u73bb\u7483\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6a39\u8102\u96fb\u300d(1747\u5e74)<\/p>\n

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\u25cf\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53ef\u898b\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u96fb\u300d\u8207\u300c\u71b1\u300d\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u9817\u70ba\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u70ba\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u9032\u51fa\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6d41\u9ad4\u3002\u524d\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6709\u500b\u66f4\u552c\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u300c\u5361\u6d1b\u91cc\u300d(caloric, \u610f\u70ba\u300c\u71b1\u8cea\u300d)\u3002\u5169\u7a2e\u6d41\u9ad4\u90fd\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u6469\u64e6\u5f9e\u7269\u8cea\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6469\u64e6\u751f\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6469\u64e6\u751f\u71b1\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5c0d\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5c07\u96fb\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u6d77\u7dbf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u98fd\u548c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u300c\u904e\u98fd\u548c\u300d\u7684\u6d77\u7dbf\u7576\u7136\u5e36\u6709\u6b63\u96fb\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u300d\u7684\u6d77\u7dbf\u5c31\u662f\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b93\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7269\u8cea\u4e92\u76f8\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u73bb\u7483\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u5f9e\u666e\u901a\u7269\u8cea\u4e2d\u5c07\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u73bb\u7483\u88e1\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e9b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7372\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u4e26\u975e\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u5225\u4ee5\u70ba\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u7070\u71fc\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u61c9\u4e86\u300c\u767e\u8db3\u4e4b\u87f2\uff0c\u6b7b\u800c\u4e0d\u50f5\u300d\u9019\u53e5\u4fd7\u8afa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u8457\u6839\u6df1\u67e2\u56fa\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u901a\u7528\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u300d(electric current)\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e(\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u7522\u7269)\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u5247\u662f\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u6d41\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u300d\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4f60\u7528\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u300c\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\u300d(magnetic fluid)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u8b93\u8edf\u9435\u4e2d\u7684\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u5c07\u8edf\u9435\u6cbf\u8457\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u6975\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u64fa\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u7acb\u523b\u8b8a\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u6839\u78c1\u9435\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\u6703\u88ab\u8feb\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6548\u61c9\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u865f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5247\u662f\u8ca0\u865f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5c07\u8edf\u9435\u8f49\u70ba\u6771\u897f\u5411\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u5c31\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\u6703\u7acb\u523b\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u8edf\u9435\u5404\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u56de\u6b78\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/em>(1773\u5e74)<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5c07\u300c\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\u300d\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c07\u300c\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u78c1\u5357\u5317\u6975\u300d\u505a\u4e86\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u3002\u501f\u7528\u6d77\u7dbf\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\u904e\u98fd\u548c\u7684\u6d77\u7dbf\u985e\u4f3c\u78c1\u5317\u6975\uff0c\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u7684\u6d77\u7dbf\u985e\u4f3c\u78c1\u5357\u6975\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u78c1\u5357\u5317\u6975\u6c38\u9060\u6210\u96d9\u6210\u5c0d\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u90a3\u6a23\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u6216\u78c1\u6d41\u9ad4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7c97\u7cd9\u4e14\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e8b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u53ea\u662f\u51b0\u5c71\u7684\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c(\u7686\u70ba\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b)\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5409\u4f2f\u7279\u5728\u300a\u8ad6\u78c1\u77f3\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8ad6\u65b7\uff0c\u5728\u5c07\u8fd1\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u6709\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\u66fe\u57281774-76\u5e74\u9593\u8209\u8fa6\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u734e\u5fb5\u6587\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u300c\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u6709\u7121\u985e\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u82e5\u6709\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5f97\u734e\u8005(J. H. van Swinden)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u76f8\u7576\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u8377\u862d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6d0b\u6d0b\u7051\u7051\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u9801\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u517c\u9867\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7121\u53ef\u6311\u5254\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u65ac\u91d8\u622a\u9435\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u6216\u8a31\uff0c\u9019\u53c8\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u662f\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7528\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u500b\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a<\/p>\n

1820\u5e74\u5967\u65af\u7279(Hans C. Orsted, 1777-1851)\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u6d41\u80fd\u4f7f\u78c1\u91dd\u504f\u8f49\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

1831\u5e74\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(Michael Faraday, 1791-1867)\u767c\u73fe\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u5b9a\u5f8b\u300d\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u78c1\u80fd\u751f\u96fb\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

1864\u5e74\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01(James C. Maxwell, 1831-1879)\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7d44\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u96fb\u5834\u8207\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5c07\u5169\u8005\u7d71\u4e00\u65bc\u6578\u5b78\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766(Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u96fb\u5834\u8207\u78c1\u5834\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u82e5\u5c07\u300a\u8ad6\u78c1\u77f3\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4efd(1600)\u7576\u4f5c\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7e3d\u5171\u82b1\u4e86305\u5e74\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5b8c\u6210\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u4e09\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u6b63\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3(\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u6642\u671f)\u525b\u597d\u626e\u6f14\u627f\u5148\u555f\u5f8c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300c\u7d71\u4e00\u9084\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u898b\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u5fd8\u5be9\u6642\u5ea6\u52e2\uff1b\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u5f8b\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\u3002
\n\u7136\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u96fb\u8207\u78c1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u89aa\u5c6c\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u505a\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5049\u5927\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u529f\u696d\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":28624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3112,3293],"tags":[3229,3507,3508,3505,3506],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/32-0.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28621"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31830,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28621\/revisions\/31830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}