{"id":28570,"date":"2017-07-26T00:52:09","date_gmt":"2017-07-25T16:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28570"},"modified":"2018-07-29T10:02:57","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T02:02:57","slug":"%e5%85%89%e5%ad%b8%e7%b5%82%e7%b5%90%e8%80%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28570","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301131 \u5149\u5b78\u7d42\u7d50\u8005"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u7528\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u756b\u51fa\u300c\u5149\u5b78\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\u3002\u8a66\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u7e3d\u7b97\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5dee\u5f37\u4eba\u610f\u7684\u5716\u89e3(\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u68af\u5f62\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62)\u3002\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u5f9e\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u7167\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4f86\u756b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6574\u5f35\u5716\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u592a\u72f9\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fd7\u8a71\u8aaa\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u52dd\u904e\u5343\u8a00\u842c\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u8a66\u8457\u53ea\u7528\u5e7e\u767e\u5b57\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28571\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28571\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28571\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"265\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28571\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4e09\u570b\u6f14\u7fa9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u5169\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u300c\u5149\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u76f8\u7576\u65e9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u56b4\u683c\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\u7684\u300a\u5149\u5b78\u300b\u61c9\u8a72\u8b6f\u70ba\u300a\u8996\u89ba\u5b78\u300b\u624d\u5c0d\u2500\u2500\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u82f1\u6587optic\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6709\u300c\u5149\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8996\u89ba\u300d\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5149\u7e96(optic fiber)\u5c6c\u65bc\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u8996\u795e\u7d93(optic nerve)\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u300a\u8996\u89ba\u5b78\u300b\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u82e5\u63a1\u7528\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c0\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u63a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300a\u58a8\u7d93\u300b\u9019\u672c\u4e2d\u6587\u5178\u7c4d\u88e1\u5c31\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u548c\u5149\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91dd\u5b54\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u975e\u58a8\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u8457\uff0c\u6210\u66f8\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u6bd4\u300a\u8996\u89ba\u5b78\u300b\u65e9\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d55\u5c0d\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e26\u975e\u9bca\u9b5a\u6216\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u300d\u548c\u300c\u78c1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96fb\/\u78c1\u5b78\u59cd\u59cd\u4f86\u9072\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u96f6\u661f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u6b63\u7d71\u7684\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u516c\u51431600\u5e74\u5409\u4f2f\u7279\u767c\u8868\u300a\u8ad6\u78c1\u77f3\u300b\u7b97\u8d77(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27158\">\u5973\u738b\u8207\u6559\u7687<\/a>\uff1e)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5716\u4e2d\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u5927\u5169\u5c0f\u7684\u4e09\u80a1\u52e2\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4ecd\u9060\u9060\u9818\u5148\u96fb\/\u78c1\u5b78\uff0c\u8209\u51e1\u5149\u7684\u6210\u5206(\u4e03\u7a2e\u8272\u5149)\u3001\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6(\u5df2\u7cbe\u78ba\u81f31%)\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8cea(\u7c92\u5b50\u8aaavs.\u6ce2\u52d5\u8aaa)\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5149\u5b78\u5100\u5668(\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3001\u986f\u5fae\u93e1)\u66f4\u662f\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e09\u5f37\u722d\u9738\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5149\u5b78\u96d6\u7136\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u5f37\u537b\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9760\u650f\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u516c\u51431864\u5e74\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u6025\u8f49\u76f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u51b7\u4e0d\u9632\u7d71\u4e00\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\u5149\u5b78\u4e5f(\u88ab\u8feb)\u6210\u70ba\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c1864\u5e74\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u5143\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u4e09\u5206\u6b78\u4e00\u7d71\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e74\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u4f75\u5165\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u570b\u300d\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u4ecd\u7136\u4eab\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u4f9d\u820a\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u540d\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5149\u5b78\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5ea6\u5df2\u7d93\u7d42\u7d50\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8ab0\u7d42\u7d50\u4e86\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01(James Clerk Maxwell, 1831-1879)\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28572\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28572\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28572\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-2.jpg 980w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-2-600x416.jpg 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-2-800x555.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28572\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u795e\u4e86\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u5e45\u5377\u8ef8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11T\u6064\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u676f\u4e0a\u3002\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u5fc3\u4e00\u7b11\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u982d\u9727\u6c34\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9084\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4eba(\u4f8b\u5982\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92)\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u537b\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u6e90\u81ea\u7336\u592a\u6559\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7d93\u5178(\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300a\u820a\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u300b)\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u958b\u5929\u95e2\u5730\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u795e\u8aaa\u300e\u8981\u6709\u5149\u300f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u5149\u3002\u300d(And God said, \"Let there be light\", and there was light.)<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u54ea\u4f4d\u4ec1\u5144\u7a81\u767c\u5947\u60f3\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u6558\u8ff0\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u81ea\u4f5c\u4e3b\u5f35(\u6216\u8aaa\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f)\u5c07\u5b83\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5716\u4e2d\u9019\u500b\u7248\u672c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u958b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u8a71\u8aaa\u5f9e\u982d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e14\u8aaa\u516c\u51431864\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u6839\u64da\u7576\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u56db\u689d(\u5fae\u5206)\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u56db\u689d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5f8c\u4f86\u5408\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u65b9\u7a0b\u7d44\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a[1]\u9ad8\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001[2]\u7121\u78c1\u8377\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001[3]\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001[4](\u4fee\u6b63\u5f8c\u7684)\u5b89\u57f9\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u8aaa\u4f86\u8a71\u9577\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u5148\u7528\u767d\u8a71\u6587\u505a\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6c92\u5b78\u904e\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\uff0c\u8acb\u5343\u842c\u5225\u653e\u68c4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u6578\u5b78\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002(\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u770b\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u7d44\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f60\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u90a3\u9ebc\u96e3\u61c2\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u505a\u4e9b\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a(1)E, D\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7b26\u865f\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u96fb\u5834(\u5169\u8005\u7576\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u767d\u8a71\u7248\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d)\uff0c\u540c\u7406B, H\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7b26\u865f\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u78c1\u5834\u3002(2)\u03c1, 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-28573\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/31-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"154\" \/>1.\u96fb\u5834\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u96fb\u8377\u7522\u751f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>2.\u78c1\u5834\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u78c1\u8377\u7522\u751f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>3.\u96fb\u5834\u662f\u7531\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u7522\u751f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>4.\u78c1\u5834\u662f\u7531\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u56db\u689d\u6558\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u7d0d\u70ba\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u751f\u96fb\u5834\uff1b\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u751f\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u300d\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7576\u5e74\u6b63\u662f\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b(\u6578\u5b78)\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u81bd\u9810\u6e2c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u96fb\u5834\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u5de6\u8173\u548c\u53f3\u8173\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u5c31\u5f88\u50cf\u4eba\u985e\u8d70\u8def\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u52d5\u4f5c\uff1a\u5de6\u8173\u9081\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53f3\u8173\u9081\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5de6\u8173\u9081\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53f3\u8173\u9081\u4e00\u6b65\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u63a8\u9032\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4ecb\u8cea\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7576\u521d\u4e26\u4e0d\u9019\u9ebc\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u597d\u597d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u5169\u9ede\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u9a57\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u4f50\u8b49\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u800c\u5df2\u3002(\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u64fe\u52d5\u300d\u3002)\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u63a8\u5c0e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u300c\u9806\u4fbf\u300d\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2(\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d)\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u9006\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5927\u81bd\u5047\u8a2d\u5149\u4e5f\u662f\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u60dc\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u672a\u80fd\u898b\u5230\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u516b\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u8d6b\u8332(Heinrich Hertz, 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