{"id":28422,"date":"2017-07-17T09:00:12","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T01:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28422"},"modified":"2018-07-29T10:09:01","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T02:09:01","slug":"%e5%b0%bc%e7%be%85%e6%b2%b3%e7%95%94%e7%9a%84%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28422","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301130 \u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6069\u6c0f(Empedocles)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u5c04\u51fa\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u773c\u775b\u6703\u5c04\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e(\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u666e\u901a\u5149\u7dda\u7684)\u7279\u6b8a\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u7a2e\u5c04\u7dda\u6253\u5230\u7269\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u5c31\u6703\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u770b\u5230\u5b83(\u6709\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\u96f7\u9054\u7684\u539f\u7406)\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u51fa\u73fe\u7a0d\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u5473\u9053\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u9996\u5021\u8005\u662f\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u7576\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7de8\u5beb\u300a(\u5e7e\u4f55)\u539f\u672c\u300b\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u8a66\u8457\u5229\u7528\u5e7e\u4f55\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u5c04\u51fa\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5fc3\u5f97\u5beb\u6210\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5149\u5b78\u300b\u7684\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50(\u8b6f\u70ba\u300a\u8996\u89ba\u5b78\u300b\u6216\u8a31\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\u7576\u7136\u8d70\u932f\u4e86\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5e7e\u4f55\u5149\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e03\u500b\u300c\u516c\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5e7e\u4f55\u8a9e\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u8996\u89ba\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u6beb\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u81f3\u65bc\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u518d\u7b49\u4e0a\u516b\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u8a95\u751f\u5728\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u958b\u7f85(\u8ddd\u96e2\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\u548c\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u7684\u6545\u9109\u300c\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u6e2f\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u767e\u516c\u91cc)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50ac\u751f\u8005\u540d\u53eb\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728(Ibn al-Haytham, 965?-1040?)\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u751f\u65bc\u4f0a\u6717\u5730\u5340\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u88d4\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u6bd4\u9b6f\u5c3c(973-1048)\u5728\u6642\u9593\u5ea7\u6a19\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1(\u5927\u7d04\u65e9\u751f\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e9\u6b7b\u516b\u5e74)\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u5ea7\u6a19\u4e0a\u5247\u662f\u9010\u6f38\u62c9\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u57ce\u5e02(\u7531\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b)\uff1a\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u6e2f(Alexandria)\u3001\u958b\u7f85(Cairo)\u3001\u4e9e\u65af\u6587(Aswan)
(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u25cf\u50b3\u5947\u7684\u4e00\u751f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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(\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u6c3e\u6feb\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u597d\u8655\u662f\u5e36\u4f86\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u6de4\u6ce5\uff0c\u58de\u8655\u662f\u96e3\u514d\u9020\u6210\u8ca1\u7269\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u99b4\u670d\u9019\u689d\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6b77\u4ee3\u57c3\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u96e3\u984c\u3002)<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u300c\u7da0\u8863\u54c8\u91cc\u767c\u300d(Al-Hakim)\u4fbf\u5c07\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u8acb\u5230\u958b\u7f85\u4e26\u59d4\u4ee5\u91cd\u4efb(\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u89d2\u6bdb\u9042\u81ea\u85a6)\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u63a2\u52d8\u968a\uff0c\u5f9e\u958b\u7f85\u6cbf\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u9006\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u63a2\u52d8\u5230\u4e9e\u65af\u6587(Aswan)\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7011\u5e03\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u8abf\u7bc0\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u5927\u58e9\u3002<\/p>\n

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(\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u4e9e\u65af\u6587\u6c34\u58e9\u7ae3\u5de5\u5247\u662f1902\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u7684\u6cbb\u6c34\u65b9\u6848\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u592a\u904e\u8d85\u8d8a\u6642\u4ee3\u3002)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u300a\u5149\u5b78\u300b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u8b6f\u672c(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aInternet Archive)\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u4ea6\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u773c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u5f35\u4eba\u773c\u89e3\u5256\u5716\u53ef\u77e5\u9019\u500b\u7f8e\u8b7d\u5176\u4f86\u6709\u81ea(\u66f8\u7709\u7684ALHAZEN\u70ba\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5316\u540d\u5b57)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5831\u544a\u4ea4\u5230\u660e\u541b\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u5b89\u7136\u7121\u4e8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5609\u8a31\u3002\u504f\u504f\u90a3\u4f4d\u54c8\u91cc\u767c\u662f\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u559c\u6012\u7121\u5e38\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u96aa\u4e9b\u6027\u547d\u4e0d\u4fdd\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u4ed6\u6025\u4e2d\u751f\u667a\uff0c\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5999\u62db\uff1a\u88dd\u760b\u8ce3\u50bb\uff01<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u9019\u500b\u982d\u929c\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7576\u4e4b\u7121\u6127\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6b21\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u540c\u610f\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u80a9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u5247\u662f\u88ab\u5de8\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u80a9\u4e0a\uff01<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u4e00\u5e45\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u756b\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u88dd\u626e\u5341\u5206\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728(\u5de6)\u8207\u4f3d\u5229\u7565(\u53f3)\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u5b78\u8005Johannes Hevelius
(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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