{"id":28164,"date":"2017-06-01T00:10:16","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T16:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28164"},"modified":"2018-07-29T09:55:49","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T01:55:49","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9123-%e5%90%8c%e5%90%8d%e5%90%8c%e5%a7%93%e5%8f%88%e5%90%8c%e6%ba%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28164","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301123 \u540c\u540d\u540c\u59d3\u53c8\u540c\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8d6b\u7684\u300c\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u65cf\u300d\uff0c\u4e09\u4ee3\u9593\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u516b\u4f4d\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7d00\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8cbb\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7d93\u5e38\u4e00\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u500b\u540c\u540d\u540c\u59d3\u7684\u5802\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u53eb\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u2027\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u3002\u5f8c\u4e16\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u66ff\u4ed6\u5011\u52a0\u4e0a\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u5beb\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Nicolaus I Bernoulli(1687-1759); Nicolaus II Bernoulli(1695-1726)<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5e73\u8f29\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7de8\u865f\u5c31\u662f\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u4e16\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4e8c\u4e16\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u53ea\u80fd\u8b6f\u70ba\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u2027\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u4e00\u865f\u8207\u4e8c\u865f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u67cf\u52aa\u5229\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\u2027\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229(Daniel Bernoulli, 1700-1782)\u662f\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u2027\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u4e8c\u865f\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e78\u904b\uff0c\u6c92\u78b0\u5230\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5e73\u8f29\u3002\u96d6\u8aaa\u4ed6\u6709\u500b\u59ea\u5152\u4e5f\u53eb\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\uff0c\u4f46\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u665a\u8f29\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\u2027\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u4e8c\u4e16\u4e5f\u52c9\u5f37\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300c\u540c\u540d\u540c\u59d3\u300d\u548c\u300c\u540c\u51fa\u4e00\u6e90\u300d\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5982\u679c\u78b0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u6703\u9020\u6210\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u76e1\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u624d\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u504f\u504f\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5c31\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5c37\u5c2c\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6e90\u982d\u90fd\u662f\u9ece\u66fc\u65bc1854\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u6f14\u8aaa\u3002\u5c31\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u662f\u6a62\u5713\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u53e6\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u8209\u624b\u4e4b\u52de\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28166\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28166\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28166\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/23-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"328\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ece\u66fc(Bernhard Riemann, 1826-1866)<br \/>(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e00\u865f\uff1a\u9ece\u66fc\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e0d\u5047\u5916\u6c42<\/a>\uff1e\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\u53ef\u5c07\u300c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u5167\u860a\u5e7e\u4f55\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u5230\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u62b1\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u65af\u5728\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e2d\u5f15\u9032\u5167\u860a\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u672a\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8996\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u9ece\u66fc\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u5834\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u812b\u80ce\u63db\u9aa8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u53ef\u5225\u4ee5\u70ba\u9ece\u66fc\u66fe\u7d93\u62ff\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u5927\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u548c\u300c\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0b\u9762\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u6839\u64da\u90a3\u7bc7\u8b1b\u7a3f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u7403\u9762\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u8207\u5e73\u9762\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5927\u5713\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u300c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5e73\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c0d\u6b50\u6c0f(\u5e73\u9762)\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u524d\u4e94\u500b\u516c\u7406\u505a\u4e9b\u4fee\u8a02\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6b50\u6c0f\u516c\u7406\u4e00\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u5169\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u90fd\u80fd\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u76f4\u7dda\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u516c\u7406\u5728\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u76f4\u7dda\u300d\u6709\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u7d93\u7dda(\u5927\u5713\u7684\u4e00\u534a)\u7686\u4ee5\u5357\u5317\u6975\u70ba\u7aef\u9ede\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9078\u53d6\u5357\u5317\u6975\u9019\u5169\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u5b9a\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6b50\u6c0f\u516c\u7406\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u6bb5\u7684\u5169\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u4efb\u610f\u9577\u5ea6\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u516c\u7406\u5728\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u300c\u5ef6\u4f38\u300d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5713\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8b93\u5927\u5713\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u6211\u91cd\u8907\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6b50\u6c0f\u516c\u7406\u4e09\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5713\u5fc3\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u534a\u5f91\u90fd\u80fd\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5713\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u7403\u9762\u7bc4\u570d\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u534a\u5f91\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6b50\u6c0f\u516c\u7406\u56db\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76f4\u89d2\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u516c\u7406\u5728\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6b50\u6c0f\u516c\u7406\u4e94(\u5e73\u884c\u516c\u7406)\uff1a\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u76f4\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dda\u5916\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u525b\u597d\u80fd\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u901a\u904e\u90a3\u500b\u9ede\u4e14\u5e73\u884c\u90a3\u689d\u7dda\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5169\u500b\u5927\u5713\u90fd\u6703\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u500b\u516c\u7406\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5fc5\u9808\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u756b\u4e0d\u51fa\u901a\u904e\u90a3\u9ede\u500b\u4e14\u5e73\u884c\u90a3\u689d\u7dda\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u300d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7403\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u96d6\u7136\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u975e\u6b50\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u9ad8\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55(\u4ea6\u7a31\u96d9\u66f2\u5e7e\u4f55)\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u6a62\u5713\u5e7e\u4f55(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7121\u7528\u4e4b\u7528<\/a>\uff1e)\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u5247\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28167\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28167\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28167\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/23-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"263\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28167\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e09\u7a2e\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u793a\u610f\u5716\uff1a1.\u6b50\u6c0f\u5e7e\u4f55\uff1b2.\u6a62\u5713\u5e7e\u4f55\uff1b3.\u96d9\u66f2\u5e7e\u4f55(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9ece\u66fc\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e8c\u865f\uff1a\u9ece\u66fc\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u9ece\u66fc\u90a3\u5834\u6f14\u8aaa\u7684\u8b1b\u7a3f(\u56b4\u683c\u8aaa\u4f86\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u8a00\u5927\u7fa9)\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5169\u5927\u7279\u9ede\uff1a(1)\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u5167\u860a\u5e7e\u4f55\uff1b(2)\u4ee5N\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u5167\u860a\u5e7e\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e0d\u5047\u5916\u6c42<\/a>\uff1e\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5f9e\u982d\u8aaa\u8d77\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ece\u66fc\u7576\u521d\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u6d41\u5f62\u76f8\u7576\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u96e3\u4ee5\u671b\u6587\u751f\u7fa9\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u4ed6\u8209\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u6613\u8fd1\u4eba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u2500\u2500\u8272\u5f69\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u6d41\u5f62\u2500\u2500\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u9ad4\u6703\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7528\u300c\u8272\u8b5c\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8272\u5f69\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u64da\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b(\u4e00\u7dad\u3001\u4e8c\u7dad\u3001\u4e09\u7dad)\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u7d50\u69cb\u90fd\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6d41\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28168\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28168\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28168\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/23-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"275\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e09\u7dad\u8272\u5f69\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6dec\u934a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6d41\u5f62\u5df2\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u51e1\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u985e\u4f3c\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u7d50\u69cb\u7686\u70ba\u6d41\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e00\u7dad\u8aaa\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u7dad\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u7dda\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62cb\u7269\u7dda\u986f\u7136\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u2500\u2500\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u5fae\u5c0f\u7247\u6bb5\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u985e\u4f3c\u76f4\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u62cb\u7269\u7dda\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u66f2\u7dda\u662f\u4e00\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5713\u6216\u6a62\u5713\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u5c40\u90e8\u985e\u4f3c\u76f4\u7dda\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1f\u53ea\u8981\u60f3\u60f3\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u5982\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u5713\u5468\u7387(\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u8207\u6f22\u5c3c\u62d4<\/a>\u3009)\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u65ac\u91d8\u622a\u9435\u5730\u7d66\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002(\u5713\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u7576\u7136\u548c\u76f4\u7dda\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8207\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7121\u95dc\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff18\u5b57\u5f62\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6d41\u5f62\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6b63\u4e2d\u592e\u90a3\u9ede\u6709\u56db\u500b\u5206\u5c94\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u5c40\u90e8\u985e\u4f3c\u76f4\u7dda\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e8c\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u5462\uff1f\u4e8c\u7dad\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51e1\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u5c40\u90e8\u985e\u4f3c\u5e73\u9762\u300d\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u5e7e\u4f55\u5f62\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u99ac\u978d\u9762\u6216\u7403\u9762\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6551\u751f\u5708\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u4e8c\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u53cd\u4f8b\u5247\u662f\u5728\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7121\u7528\u4e4b\u7528<\/a>\uff1e\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u758a\u7f85\u6f22\u5713\u9310\u300d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u548c\uff18\u5b57\u5f62\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u90a3\u500b\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u66f4\u9ad8\u7dad\u7684\u6d41\u5f62\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8eab\u70ba\u4e09\u7dad\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6b50\u6c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613(\u85c9\u7531\u4ee3\u6578)\u5f9e\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u7dad\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230N\u7dad\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e94\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u76f4\u89d2\u5ea7\u6a19\u5c31\u662f(a, b, c, d, e)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u96e3\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9ece\u66fc\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u63a1\u7528\u5167\u860a\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u7814\u7a76N\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5f15\u9032\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u4e09\u7dad\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5920(\u6839\u64da\u9ece\u66fc\u767c\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5)\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4e09\u7dad\u7a7a\u9593(\u4f8b\u5982\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99)\u7684\u66f2\u7387\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u4e8c\u7dad\u667a\u6167\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5920(\u6839\u64da\u9ad8\u65af\u7684\u7d55\u5999\u5b9a\u7406)\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4e8c\u7dad\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u66f2\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u9644\u9304\uff1a\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u8003<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u4fbf\u65bc\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5148\u5217\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u7167\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28165\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/23-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"356\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u6b63\u662f\u9ece\u66fc\u57281854\u5e74\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u5834\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07 Mannigfaltigkeit \u9019\u500b\u5fb7\u6587\u8ce6\u4e88\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u6578\u5b78\u540d\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u70ba Mannig-faltig-keit \u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5206\u5225\u662f\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76ba\u8936\u300d\u3001\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u8b6f\u9019\u500b\u5fb7\u6587\uff0c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u8a5e\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u300c\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u542b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1873\u5e74\uff0c\u9ece\u66fc\u7684\u8b1b\u7a3f\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u514b\u5229\u798f(William Clifford)\u8b6f\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Mannig-faltig-keit \u4ee5\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b6f\u6210 mani-fold-ness, \u5f8c\u4f86\u5247\u9010\u6f38\u6f14\u8b8a\u70ba manifold \u9019\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u6578\u5b78\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u5247\u63a1\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u610f\u8b6f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u9ece\u66fc\u767c\u660e\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210vari\u00e9t\u00e9(\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u82f1\u6587\u7684variety)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5e7e\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7684\u8b6f\u540d\u986f\u7136\u548c\u6cd5\u6587\u540c\u51fa\u4e00\u6e90\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e5\u6587\u7684\u300c\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u662f\u627f\u8972\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u537b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7368\u6a39\u4e00\u5e5f\uff0c\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u90fd\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9a5f\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u597d\u9084\u662f\u8003\u64da\u4e00\u4e0b\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u67e5\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u660e\u4eba\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u6c5f\u6fa4\u6db5(1902-1994)\uff0c\u51fa\u8655\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u5929\u7965\u7684\u300a\u6b63\u6c23\u6b4c\u300b(\u5929\u5730\u6709\u6b63\u6c23\uff0c\u96dc\u7136\u8ce6\u6d41\u5f62)\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8003\u64da\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5e7e\u4f55\u300d\u540c\u70ba\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u8ce6\u4e88\u65b0\u610f\u7684\u8b6f\u540d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u88e1\u539f\u672c\u662f\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5e7b\u5316\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u6210\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0b\u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u300c\u6d41\u300d\u6700\u8cbc\u8fd1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u8b8a\u5e7b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3001\u8b8a\u5316\u591a\u7aef\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u300c\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5f62\u9ad4\u300d\u6216\u300c\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u300d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u5929\u7965\u8a8d\u70ba\u6d41\u5f62\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u300c\u6cb3\u5dbd\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65e5\u661f\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u4eba\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u548c\u300c\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u300d\u5c31\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u6703\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u986f\u7136\u6bd4\u5f8c\u8005\u66f4\u751f\u52d5\u3001\u66f4\u5ee3\u7fa9\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u770b\u5230\u300c\u6d41\u5f62\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u8acb\u5225\u628a\u300c\u6d41\u300d\u60f3\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5225\u628a\u300c\u5f62\u300d\u60f3\u5f97\u592a\u5177\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u9ece\u66fc\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\" 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