{"id":28020,"date":"2017-06-09T00:29:35","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T16:29:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28020"},"modified":"2018-07-29T09:49:13","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T01:49:13","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a217-5%e3%80%91%e3%80%8c%e5%bf%83%e3%80%8d%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8c%e9%87%8d%e5%a5%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=28020","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2217-5\u3011\u300c\u5fc3\u300d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u594f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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CC0 Public Domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5c04\u7dda\u77e5\u89ba\u300d\uff08\u8a8d\u70ba\u7dda\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7aef\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u5c04\u300d\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff09\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u76f8\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7b46\u756b\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u58d3\u6839\u5152\u6c92\u6709\u7531\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\u6216\u7531\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f8\u5beb\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u624d\u770b\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u89e3\u5bc6\u77e5\u89ba\uff1a\u591a\u4e8b\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u9577\u671f\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u901a\u5247\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u539f\u5247\uff1aJohn Lock\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6c34\u6eab\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0cWilhelm Wundt\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7576\u4f5c\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u3002Flashed face illusion\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ef\u8457\u5169\u5f35\u4fca\u7f8e\u7684\u81c9\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u770b\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u89ba\u5169\u65c1\u7684\u81c9\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u77e5\u89ba\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u6046\u5e38\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7531\u8fd1\u5230\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0a\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6046\u5e38\u6027\uff0c\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u6046\u5e38\u6027\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c07\u5916\u754c\u7269\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u6703\u8f15\u6613\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e26\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u89ba\u80fd\u5920\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u3002\u8449\u6559\u6388\u505a\u904e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u5c07\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u4e94\u5f62\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u5de6\u53f3\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3001L\u5f62\u3001P\u5f62\u3001\u5305\u570d\uff09\u3002\u7576\u8981\u6c42\u672a\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u9810\u8b66\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u5beb\u51fa\u624d\u525b\u770b\u904e\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6703\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u6216\u5176\u719f\u6089\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u4e2d\u6587\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u584a\u5716\u50cf\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5b57\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\uff08\u6216\u5c1a\u672a\u8b58\u5b57\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff09\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u53d6\u5176\u5927\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u6548\u61c9\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u6539\u8b8a\u6642\u7dad\u6301\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6046\u5e38\u6027\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53f0\u5927\u675c\u9d51\u82b1\u7bc0\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u5c55\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8352\u8b2c\u800c\u8aa4\u5c0e\u89c0\u773e\u7684\u795e\u5947\u6548\u679c\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u5e03\u5c55\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4fbf\u300c\u6297\u8b70\u300d\u6df1\u53d7\u932f\u89ba\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\uff01<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u89ba\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u55ce\uff1f\u62ff\u300c\u6eab\u6696\u300d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u6307\u7a31\u4e86\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u683c\u3002\u82e5\u8b93\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u524d\u78b0\u89f8\u51b0\u5496\u5561\u8207\u71b1\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u71b1\u5496\u5561\u7d44\u8f03\u50be\u5411\u5224\u65b7\u964c\u751f\u81c9\u5b54\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u300c\u500b\u6027\u6eab\u6696\uff08\u7167\u9867\u4eba\u3001\u5927\u65b9\uff09\u300d\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u62ff\u904e\u71b1\u588a\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8207\u62ff\u51b7\u588a\u7684\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8f03\u53ef\u80fd\u8cb7\u79ae\u7269\u7d66\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u77e5\u89ba\u5728\u7121\u5f62\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8b02\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89b7\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u611f\u5b98\u7d93\u9a57\u7531\u5927\u8166\u8655\u7406\u904e\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u4ee5DNA\u96d9\u80a1\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684Francis Crick\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e5f\u699c\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\uff1b\u4ed6\u300c\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\uff08Astonishing Hypothesis\uff09\u300d\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u300d\u5341\u8db3\u552f\u7269\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u610f\u6307\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u8166\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b49\u64da\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u610f\u8b58\u4f86\u81ea\u8166\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u9152\u7cbe\u8207\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u8166\u523a\u6fc0\u3001\u8166\u9020\u5f71\u3001\u8166\u640d\u50b7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u91ab\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b Hubel \u8207 Weisel \u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8166\u521d\u7d1a\u8996\u89ba\u76ae\u8cea\u5340\uff08V1\uff09\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6b64\u5340\u4f86\u81ea\u8a31\u591a\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u5c0d\u300c\u7dda\u6bb5\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u5c0d\u8166\u640d\u50b7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ca\u8166\u9020\u5f71\u5100\u5668\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u8166\u5340\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u8b0e\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u6d77\u99ac\u65c1\u56de\u5834\u57df\u5340\uff08PPA\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u5730\u9ede\u8207\u5834\u666f\u5340\u57df\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\uff1b\u53e6\u6709\u68ad\u72c0\u56de\u81c9\u5340\uff0c\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\u8ca0\u8cac\u81c9\u90e8\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u3002\u5224\u65b7\u81c9\u4ee5\u5916\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u6a6b\u7d0b\u5916\u8eab\u9ad4\u5340\uff08EBA\uff09\u8207\u8ca0\u8cac\u904b\u52d5\u8a0a\u606f\u8655\u7406\u7684\u9873\u8449\u4e2d\u5074\u76ae\u8cea\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u8077\uff1b\u800c\u4e09\u5ea6\u7a7a\u9593\u8a0a\u606f\u5247\u4ef0\u8cf4\u9873\u8449\u5167\u4e0a\u5074\u76ae\u8cea\uff08MST\uff09\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u300c\u81c9\u300d\uff0c\u81c9\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u8166\u5340\u3002\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\uff08amygdala\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\uff0csuperior temporal sulcus \u5247\u4e3b\u638c\u5634\u5f62\u8207\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u642d\u914d\u8207\u773c\u775b\u51dd\u8996\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5224\u5225\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4e00\u5f35\u81c9\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff1f\u984d\u8449\u76ae\u8cea\uff08frontal cortex\uff09\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

Ungeleider\u8207Mishkin\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u8def\u5f91\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u5206\u70ba\u8179\u6e2c\u8207\u80cc\u5074\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8ca0\u8cac\u300c\u8fa8\u4f55\u65b9\uff08where\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u8ca0\u8cac\u300c\u8fa8\u4f55\u7269\uff08what\uff09\u300d\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0cMilner \u8207Goodale \u5247\u627f\u8972\u6b64\u4e00\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u5be6\u9a57\u5230\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u75c5\u4ebaDF\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u4fbf\u56e0\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4e2d\u6bd2\u50b7\u53ca\u8166\u90e8\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u5f62\u72c0\u77e5\u89ba\u53d7\u640d\uff08visual form agnosia\uff09\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8a8d\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0cDF\u5728\u788e\u77f3\u5b50\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u8d70\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6210\u554f\u984c\u3002\u82e5\u53d6\u4e00\u908a\u7de3\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u77f3\u584a\u8981DF\u62fe\u8d77\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u63e1\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u3001\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u8ef8\u4e0a\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6240\u5dee\u7121\u5e7e\u3002\u5979\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u8179\u6e2c\u8def\u5f91\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u5979\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08vision-guided actions\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u65bc\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8166\u50b7\u75c5\u4ebaRV\uff0c\u5176\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u5f15\u5c0e\u52d5\u4f5c\u53d7\u640d\uff08optic ataxia\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4f38\u624b\u53d6\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u5dee\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u7de9\u6162\uff0c\u53d6\u7269\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6e96\u5099\u52d5\u4f5c\u4ea6\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u537b\u4e26\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u8457\u5716\u5f62\u7167\u8457\u7e6a\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d93\u7531DF\u8207RV\u7684\u5169\u76f8\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u8179\u5074\u8207\u80cc\u5074\u8def\u5f91\u5206\u5225\u8ca0\u8cac\u8fa8\u4f55\u65b9\u3001\u8fa8\u4f55\u7269\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002James J. Gibson\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3b\u5f35\u8996\u89ba\u5f97\u300c\u80fd\u4f9b\u6027\uff08affordance\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8996\u89ba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u300d\u6240\u898b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u8def\u5f91\u7531\u80cc\u5074\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u9ebc\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u53c3\u8207\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u89c0\u770b\u5169\u773c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u300c\u96d9\u773c\u7af6\u722d\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u77ad\u89e3\u610f\u8b58\u77e5\u89ba\u4f86\u81ea\u5927\u8166\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002Tong \u5ef6\u4f38\u5148\u524d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee4\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u6234\u4e0a\u5169\u773c\u5206\u5225\u53ea\u80fd\u898b\u7d05\u5149\u6216\u7da0\u5149\u7684\u773c\u93e1\u3002\u7da0\u5149\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u662f\u4eba\u81c9\uff0c\u7d05\u5149\u5247\u662f\u623f\u5c4b\uff1b\u5169\u773c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u5f7c\u6b64\u7af6\u722d\u4e3b\u89c0\u610f\u8b58\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4ed6\u6bd4\u5c0d\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u5831\u544a\u8207fMRI\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u8166\u90e8\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u5927\u8166\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u8207\u4e3b\u89c0\u610f\u8b58\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77e5\u89ba\u8655\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u3002Hermann von Helmboltz \u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5169\u689d\u4e00\u6a23\u9577\u7684\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u7aef\u7bad\u982d\u671d\u5167\u6216\u671d\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u9577\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u5167\u7684\u7bad\u982d\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8f03\u9060\u8655\u7684\u7246\u9762\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u89ba\u300c\u8f03\u77ed\u300d\uff1b\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u63a8\u5c0e\u904e\u7a0b\uff08unconscious inference\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u8655\u7406\u4e5f\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u76f2\u8996\uff08blindsight\uff09\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c0\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5f9e\u672a\u6709\u300c\u770b\u5230\u7269\u54c1\u300d\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u8655\u8655\u78d5\u78b0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u300c\u5b89\u6771\u75c7\uff08Anton\u2019s syndrome\uff09\u300d\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6709\u8996\u89ba\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u5831\u544a\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5167\u5bb9\u537b\u8207\u5be6\u666f\u5168\u7136\u8fe5\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u8655\u7406\u5176\u5be6\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u552f\u6211\u5011\u672a\u5fc5\u81ea\u77e5\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u773c\u524d\u6240\u898b\u4e4b\u4eba\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u773c\u775b\u51dd\u8996\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u8996\u807d\u6574\u5408\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u81c9\u5b54\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u59ff\u52e2\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6216\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u985e\u5225\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u7cfb\u5217\u6b21\u5e8f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e0b\uff0c\u77ac\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u594f\uff1a\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u8166\u77e5\u9053\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f60\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u61f7\u7591\u8d77\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1fMichael Gazzaniga\u5728\u300c\u5927\u8166\u6bd4\u4f60\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u300d\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u5606\u6709\u592a\u591a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65e9\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5bdf\u89ba\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u7531\u5927\u8166\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u7562\uff01\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u8af8\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4eba\u5373\u4fbf\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7b9d\u5236\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u300c\u89ba\u77e5\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5b83\u624d\u662f\u5beb\u8173\u672c\u7684\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u524d\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u5f97\u5148\u8ac7\u8ac7\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u300d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u662f\u500b\u770b\u4f3c\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\uff0c\u537b\u5404\u6709\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236<\/em>William James <\/em>\u6307\u51fa\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff1a\u5167\u5fc3\u5c08\u6ce8\u5730\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u805a\u7126\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u770b\u4f3c\u540c\u6642\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u610f\u5473\u67d0\u4e9b\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u64a4\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u77e5\u9053\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u529f\u592b\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u8a8d\u70ba\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e5f\u5206\u70ba\u5167\u56e0\u6027\uff08endogenous\uff09\u8207\u5916\u56e0\u6027\uff08exogenous\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u81ea\u767c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u88ab\u5916\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\u7684\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7531\u984d\u8449\u8207\u9802\u8449\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u53ca\u4e0a\u4e18\uff08superior colliculus\uff09\u7b49\u8166\u5340\u6240\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u7bc0\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u88ab\u5ee3\u70ba\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u800c\u300c\u5feb\u601d\u6162\u60f3\u300d\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e86\u5fc3\u8b58\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u800c\u5bb9\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u81ea\u52d5\u9023\u7d50\u9032\u884c\u8a0a\u606f\u8655\u7406\uff1b\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u7cfb\u7d71\u901f\u5ea6\u5247\u6162\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u53f8\u5206\u6790\u8207\u601d\u8fa8\u3002\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u6709\u7121\uff0c\u4fbf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u300c\u5feb\u601d\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6162\u60f3\u300d\u55ce\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u624d\u6703\u9032\u5165\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u591a\u652f\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u5169\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u89ba\u77e5\u300d\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u300c\u89c0\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u611f\u8cea\uff08qualia\uff09\u300d\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7686\u662f\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u800c\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u548c\u89c0\u770b\u6b64\u4e00\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u300c\u89ba\u77e5\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u77e5\u89ba\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u96e3\u89e3\u554f\u984c\uff08The Hard Problem\uff09\u300d\u3002\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u4e3b\u89c0\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u9694\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u9d3b\u6e9d\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u4e5f\u5c1a\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u770b\u4f3c\u5c64\u9762\u6975\u5ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u50c5\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728Ned Block\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u53d6\u7528\u610f\u8b58\uff08access consciousness\uff09\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff01<\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u4f86\uff0c\u589e\u9032\u300c\u89ba\u77e5\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\uff1b\u975c\u5750\u3001\u6b63\u5ff5\u3001\u745c\u73c8\u3001\u592a\u6975\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u9054\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u6b64\u4e00\u5473\u9053\u3002\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u5305\u62ecJon Kabat-Zinn \u8207 Richard Davidson \u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a2\u8a0e\u975c\u5750\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u8166\u6ce2\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u5927\u8166\u7070\u8cea\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u76f8\u95dc\u8166\u5340\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8166\u5340\u5167\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u523b\u677f\u7684\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6771\u65b9\u7384\u5b78\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5f15\u8d77\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u9084\u9817\u503c\u5f97\u73a9\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u63a2\u6c42\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u9580\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9ad4\u73fe\u3002\u672a\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4f9d\u820a\u4e0d\u52dd\u679a\u8209\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u666e\u7279\u5357\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u6876\u4e2d\u8166\u7684\u5f14\u8a6d\u722d\u8faf\u3002\u800c\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u6578\u64da\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053where, when, and what \u5373\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u884c\u70ba\uff01\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u300c\u4f60\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u4f9b\u4eba\u62c6\u89e3\u8207\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u6211\u5011\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9846\u9846\u300c\u68cb\u5b50\u300d\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0b\u68cb\u8005\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f<\/p>\n

--<\/strong>
\n\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a106\/04\/29 \u7531\u8449\u7d20\u73b2\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u601d\u4eae\u9928\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u89ba\u77e5:\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u594f<\/a>\u300d\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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