{"id":27576,"date":"2017-04-18T05:19:09","date_gmt":"2017-04-17T21:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27576"},"modified":"2018-07-29T08:17:56","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T00:17:56","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%99%bc%e5%b0%8d%e7%a8%b1%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%b4%e5%a3%9e%e5%92%8c%e5%a4%9a%e9%ab%94%e6%95%88%e6%87%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27576","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u548c\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u9ad4\u9593\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7522\u751f\u8d85\u4e4e\u9810\u671f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u9020\u6210\u7684\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u662f\u51dd\u805a\u614b\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u970d\u723e\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u589e\u9032\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u591a\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u9020\u6210\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u5167\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u767c\u751f\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u7834\u58de\u3002
\u5716\u70ba\u6383\u63cf\u7a7f\u96a7\u986f\u5fae\u93e1(STM)\u5f71\u50cf[\u53c3]\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9673\u5955\u5ef7<\/p>\n

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\u25cf\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u300c\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b50\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u6df1\u5967\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u80cc\u666f\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u64e0\u58d3\u5438\u7ba1\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u684c\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u6839\u5438\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u624b\u5f9e\u5438\u7ba1\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u5f80\u4e0b\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u500b\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u529b(\u5716\u4e00\u5de6)\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e00\u3001(\u5de6)\u7528\u624b\u64e0\u58d3\u5438\u7ba1\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002(\u4e2d) \u9019\u500b\u5438\u7ba1\u548c\u529b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u65cb\u8f49\u4efb\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f8c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u3002(\u53f3)\u5118\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u64e0\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5438\u7ba1\u6703\u5f80\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u5f4e\u66f2(\u5f4e\u66f2\u89d2)\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u751f\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9996\u5148\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5438\u7ba1\u662f\u5713\u67f1\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u5438\u7ba1\u7684\u5713\u5fc3\u65cb\u8f49\u4efb\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5438\u7ba1\u90fd\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23(\u5047\u8a2d\u5438\u7ba1\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u82b1\u7d0b)\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u5730\uff0c\u5e73\u6574\u7684\u684c\u9762\u548c\u624b\u65bd\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u529b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027(\u5716\u4e00\u4e2d)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u64da\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5438\u7ba1\u53d7\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u529b\u5f8c\u6703\u5411\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u5f4e\u66f2(\u5716\u4e00\u53f3)\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5438\u7ba1\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u4e86\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5438\u7ba1\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5411\u6bcf\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f4e\u904e\u53bb\u90fd\u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u8655\u65bc\u591a\u500b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u597d\u5f4e\u5411\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u754c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5438\u7ba1\u81ea\u767c\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5b83\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u591a\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u7834\u58de<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd1\u65e5\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u5eab\u502b\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u7d44\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e2d\u6709\u6bcf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c731028<\/sup>\u500b\u9019\u6a23\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u96fb\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u591a\u9ad4\u554f\u984c(Many-Body Problem)\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u96e3\u89e3\uff0c\u591a\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u5eab\u502b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d8a\u591a\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u6709\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u900f\u904e\u78c1\u5834\u88fd\u9020\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e(Landau Level)\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u983b\u8b5c\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u5cf0\u503c(\u5716\u4e8c\u5de6\u4e0b)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5cf0\u503c\u5167\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5176\u9577\u76f8\u5982\u5716\u4e8c\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u9ad8\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u767c\u751f\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u4e00\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf(\u5716\u4e8c\u53f3\u4e0b)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e8c\u3001(\u4e0a)\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u9577\u76f8\uff0c\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6a62\u5713\u5f62\u3002(\u5de6\u4e0b)\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u5167\u5177\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u540c\u6a23\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u983b\u8b5c\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u3002(\u53f3\u4e0b)\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u5c0f\u5cf0\u503c\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u55ae\u6676\u924d\u91d1\u5c6c(Bismuth)\u4e2d\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u5176\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u2500\u2500\u76f8\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6a62\u5713\u578b(\u5716\u4e8c\u4e0a\u3001\u5716\u4e09)\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u591a\u9ad4\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5411\u88ab\u9810\u6e2c\u70ba\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u614b\u3002\u5c0d\u7a31\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7a31\u8b02\u5c0d\u7a31\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u614b\u4e00\u6a23\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u7576\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5eab\u502b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ea\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u9593\u8ddd\u96e2\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u3002\u795e\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5177\u5099\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u6709\u4e86\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u5eab\u502b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u5c45\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0d\u7a31(\u5716\u4e09)\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e09\u3001(\u5de6\u4e00) \u55ae\u6676\u924d\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684STM\u96fb\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u983b\u8b5c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\u3002(\u5de6\u4e8c-\u56db)\u76f8\u540c\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684STM\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u6717\u9053\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u672c\u61c9\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e2d\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u90fd\u4ecd\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u7a31\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u9593\u8ddd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u9032\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6750\u6599\u5167\u96fb\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u88dd\u7f6e\u90fd\u6c92\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u548c\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e2d\u90fd\u5047\u8a2d\u96fb\u5b50\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u88dd\u7f6e\u9081\u5411\u8f15\u8584\u77ed\u5c0f\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u88dd\u7f6e\u5167\u5c07\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u597d\u597d\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u591a\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u7a4e\u96fb\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Benjamin E. Feldman et al. Observation of a nematic quantum Hall liquid on the surface of bismuth Science\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 354, Issue 6310, pp. 316-321 (2016)<\/p>\n

--<\/span>
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u5955\u5ef7\uff0c\u53f0\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\uff0c\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5c31\u8b80\u4e2d\u3002\u5c0d\u5404\u9818\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u6b61\u8fce\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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