{"id":27218,"date":"2017-02-23T00:00:38","date_gmt":"2017-02-22T16:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27218"},"modified":"2018-07-29T00:38:03","modified_gmt":"2018-07-28T16:38:03","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%b0%8f%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%9109-%e9%99%a4%e4%ba%86%e8%98%8b%e6%9e%9c%e8%88%87%e9%a2%a8%e7%ae%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=27218","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b\u301109 \u9664\u4e86\u860b\u679c\u8207\u98a8\u7b8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u674e\u83ef<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u6709\u9ede\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u3008\u9664\u4e86\u860b\u679c\u8207\u98a8\u7b8f\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u548c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4ea4\u96c6\uff1f\u3009<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7531\u4f60\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u9084\u771f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u9592\u8a71\u5c11\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165\u6b63\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u5f8b\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u6709\u8a71\u5247\u9577\u3001\u7121\u8a71\u5247\u77ed\u300d\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u8209\u4e16\u805e\u540d\u7684\u5049\u4eba\uff1a\u7121\u5eb8\u8d05\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u570b\u5bb6\u7d1a\u82f1\u96c4\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u6b7b\u5f8c\u846c\u65bc\u897f\u654f\u5bfa(\u9019\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u69ae\u8b7d)\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7d00\u5ff5\u7891\u3002\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5247\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u958b\u570b\u5143\u52db\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u54b8\u4fe1\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u50c5\u6b21\u65bc\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u82f1\u96c4\u4e0d\u6015\u51fa\u8eab\u4f4e\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u662f\u8fb2\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u6bcd\u89aa\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u8b93\u4ed6\u7576\u8fb2\u592b\u3002\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5247\u662f\u5c0f\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u5341\u516d\u500b\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c\u6b72\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u7576\u5b78\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u751f\u70ba\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u5b50\u6c11\uff1a\u4e0d\u904e\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u53bb\u4e16\u6642\u5df2\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u4eab\u58fd\u516b\u5341\u56db\u6b72\uff1a\u725b\u9813(1643-1727)\u3001\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797(1706-1790)\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7686\u70ba\u82f1\u6587\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u5e38\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u64b0\u5beb\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u800c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u96d6\u61c2\u597d\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u4ee5\u767d\u8a71\u82f1\u6587\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u535a\u5b78\u591a\u805e\u535a\u53e4\u901a\u4eca\uff1a\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\uff1b\u725b\u9813\u9664\u4e86\u7cbe\u901a\u672c\u884c\u7684\u5929\u6587\u3001\u7269\u7406\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c(\u81f3\u5c11)\u5c0d\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u9662\u58eb\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u4e09\u5341\u6b72\u5165\u9078(1672)\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5247\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u4e94\u5341\u6b72(1756)\u3002<\/p>\n

9.\u66fe\u4efb\u91cd\u8981\u516c\u8077\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u64d4\u4efb\u904e\u7687\u5bb6\u9444\u5e63\u5c40\u7684\u5c40\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5728\u7f8e\u570b(\u5be6\u8cea)\u7368\u7acb\u5f8c\u505a\u904e\u90f5\u653f\u7e3d\u9577\u3001\u99d0\u6cd5\u5927\u4f7f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cd3\u5dde\u5dde\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

10.\u9214\u7968\u4e0a\u7684\u8096\u50cf\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u66fe\u5728\u4e00\u82f1\u938a\u7684\u7d19\u9214\u4e0a\u9732\u9762\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6700\u5927\u9762\u984d\u7f8e\u9214($100)\u4e0a\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

11.\u6210\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u55ae\u4f4d\uff1a\u300c\u725b\u9813\u300d\u662f\u529b\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u300c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u300d\u5247\u662f\u96fb\u91cf\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

12.\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff1a\u725b\u9813\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u907f\u96f7\u91dd\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u7684\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e9b\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u860b\u679c\u8207\u98a8\u7b8f\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u65e9\u5df2\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f9ePenguin Random House\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9019\u5169\u672c\u5152\u7ae5\u8b80\u7269\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u5373\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u56db\u500b\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9010\u4e00\u4ed4\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n

13.<\/strong>\u300c\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u300d\u7684\u6539\u826f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u6469\u64e6\u751f(\u975c)\u96fb\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6cf0\u5229\u65af(Thales of Miletus)\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u8f3e\u8f49\u6284\u8972\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8996\u70ba\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u5230\u5169\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6469\u64e6\u751f\u96fb\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u5f9e\u7d14\u624b\u52d5\u9032\u6b65\u5230\u6a5f\u68b0\u8f14\u52a9(\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f)\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4eba\u529b\u9a45\u52d5\u3002\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u7684\u539f\u578b\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u683c\u6c0f(Otto von Guericke)\u65bc\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u767c\u96fb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u70ba\u65cb\u8f49\u7684\u786b\u78fa\u7403\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u7528\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u725b\u9813\u57281704\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5149\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u73bb\u7483\u7403\u65cb\u8f49\u767c\u96fb\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027(\u6240\u4ee5\u725b\u9813\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u4e00\u9ede\u96fb\u5b78)\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u7684\u9580\u5f92\u8c6a\u6c0f(Francis Hauksbee)\u4fbf\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u7d04\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5728\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96fb\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u8d77\u96fb\u6a5f\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6210\u54c1\u901a\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u975c\u96fb\u6a5f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u975c\u96fb\u6a5f(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

14.<\/strong>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b88\u6046\u5f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u59cb\u65bc1746\u5e74\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u5b78\u8005\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u96fb\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u73bb\u7483\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6a39\u8102\u96fb\u300d\u3002\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6469\u64e6\u73bb\u7483\u6240\u751f\u7684\u975c\u96fb\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u4ee5\u6b64\u985e\u63a8(\u7425\u73c0\u7684\u96fb\u7576\u7136\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u6a39\u8102\u96fb\u300d)\u3002\u800c\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u96fb\u670d\u5f9e\u300c\u540c\u7a2e\u76f8\u65a5\u3001\u7570\u7a2e\u76f8\u5438\u300d\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5247\u7368\u5177\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u96fb\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5dee\u7570\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u6b63\u8ca0\u865f\u300d\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6(\u800c\u975e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6)\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u548c\u8ca0\u50b5\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6b63\u8ca0\u865f\u4e0d\u540c\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u8cc7\u7522\u548c\u8ca0\u50b5\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u6703\u8a08\u5b78\u7684\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5f9e\u9019\u5152\u5f97\u5230\u9748\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u539f\u5247\u300d\u662f\u6703\u8a08\u5b78\u7684\u91d1\u79d1\u7389\u5f8b\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c64\u6a13\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u96fb\u8377\u5b88\u6046\u5f8b\u300d\u3002\u7121\u7368\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6c83\u68ee(William Watson)\u5e7e\u4e4e\u540c\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u8ab0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u96fb\u7684\u672c\u8cea(\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u96fb\u5b50\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u986f\u9732\u8e64\u8de1)\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u59a8\u5c07\u300c\u73bb\u7483\u96fb\u300d\u7a31\u70ba\u6b63\u96fb\uff0c\u300c\u6a39\u8102\u96fb\u300d\u7a31\u70ba\u8ca0\u96fb\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u59cd\u59cd\u4f86\u9072\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u300c\u651c\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u300d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7576\u521d\u505a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u6703\u65b9\u4fbf\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u725b\u9813\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b88\u6046\u5f8b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e26\u975e\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7576\u6642\u9084\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4eba\u6377\u8db3\u5148\u767b\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u4e16\u4e4b\u4f5c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u4ee5\u9640\u87ba\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u5f8b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u4eca\u65e5\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b88\u6046\u5f8b\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6578\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u540d\u5217\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

15.<\/strong>\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u9a30<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6703\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5716\u9a30\u5c31\u662f\u725b\u9813\u7684\u860b\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7684\u98a8\u7b8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9051\u591a\u8b93\u3002\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5716\u9a30\u90fd\u7981\u4e0d\u8d77\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8003\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n

\u725b\u9813\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u3008\u860b\u679c\u2027\u860b\u679c\u2027\u860b\u679c<\/a>\u3009\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u653e\u98a8\u7b8f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u516c\u51431752\u5e746\u670810\u65e5(\u4e00\u8aaa15\u65e5)\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u548c\u9577\u5b50\u5a01\u5ec9\u5728\u96f7\u96e8\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u98a8\u7b8f\u7dda\u628a\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u9583\u96fb\u5f15\u5230\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u9084\u4f38\u51fa\u624b\u4f86\u8a66\u8a66\u89f8\u96fb\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u51fa\u8655\u662f1767\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u96fb\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u73fe\u72c0\u300b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u666e\u6c0f(Joseph Priestley)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u8981\u7b97\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u7236\u5b50\u5c0d\u65bc\u666e\u6c0f\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u5f9e\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8a8d\u6216\u5426\u8a8d\u3002\u800c\u66f4\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7576\u5e745\u670810\u65e5\u5df2\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u300c\u6436\u5148\u300d\u505a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e26\u975e\u98a8\u7b8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8c4e\u7acb\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u68d2\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7576\u7136\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u653e\u98a8\u7b8f\u7684\u4e8b\u8e5f\u662f\u771f\u662f\u5047\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u7684\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u90fd\u548c\u4ed6\u7121\u7de3\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5d07\u62dc\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0c\u5927\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6709\u5e7b\u6ec5\u6216\u5931\u843d\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u96d6\u6557\u7336\u69ae\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7a0d\u5f8c\u4fbf\u6703\u5206\u66c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u6709\u53f2\u53ef\u8003\u7684\u300c\u98a8\u7b8f\u5be6\u9a57\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u662f1753\u5e745\u6708(\u4e00\u8aaa7\u6708)\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u76f8\u7576\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u9084\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u7a0d\u5f8c(1753.08.06)\u5728\u4fc4\u570b\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6a01\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba(Georg Richmann)\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u56e0\u96fb\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u800c\u6350\u8ec0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

16.<\/strong>\u7d71\u4e00\u5929\u4e0a\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u8d77\u521d\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762(\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u9762)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u778e\u5b50\u6478\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u5230\u5be6\u9a57\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5230\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\uff0c\u7e3d\u6703\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u4eba\u9748\u5149\u4e00\u9583\uff0c\u770b\u6e05\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u300c\u8c61\u300d\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u500b\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u725b\u9813\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b78\u8005(\u4f8b\u5982\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c)\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6708\u7403\u74b0\u7e5e\u5730\u7403\u300d\u548c\u300c\u860b\u679c\u589c\u843d\u5730\u9762\u300d\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u5247\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5c07\u5169\u8005\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u61f7\u7591\u300c\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u9583\u96fb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u96fb(\u706b)\u82b1\u300d\u76f8\u7576\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u898f\u6a21\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u9060\u7f77\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u770b\u6cd5\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u8a73\u7d30\u689d\u5217\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u76f8\u4f3c\u9ede\uff1a(1)\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u5149\uff0c(2)\u5149\u7684\u984f\u8272\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c(3)\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d70\u76f4\u7dda\uff0c(4)\u90fd\u5f88\u8fc5\u901f\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

1750\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u9583\u96fb\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u96fb\u82b1\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u8a73\u8ff0\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5(\u5c07\u524a\u5c16\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u68d2\u8c4e\u7acb\u5728\u96f7\u96e8\u4e2d)\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u6b21\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u89c0\u6e2c\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8a72\u66f8\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6cd5\u6587\u7248\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u77ed\u77ed\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5718\u968a(\u6210\u54e1\u4e4b\u4e00\u6b63\u662f\u6cd5\u6587\u7248\u7684\u8b6f\u8005)\u4fbf\u4f9d\u6a23\u756b\u846b\u8606\uff0c\u9806\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u767c\u8868\u6210\u679c\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5fd8\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u9a57\u8b49\u9583\u96fb\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u70ba\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u9996\u5275\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e26\u672a\u653e\u904e\u300c\u96fb\u98a8\u7b8f\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ac\u91d8\u622a\u9435\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u5728\u96fb\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u8db3\u4ee5\u5ab2\u7f8e\u725b\u9813\u7684\u5343\u53e4\u529f\u7e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\u300a\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u89c0\u6e2c\u300b\u66f8\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u6355\u6349\u9583\u96fb\u7684\u6558\u8ff0(\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aInternet Archive, \u7d05\u6846\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u6709\u9ede\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u3008\u9664\u4e86\u860b\u679c\u8207\u98a8\u7b8f\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u548c\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4ea4\u96c6\uff1f\u3009
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