{"id":26794,"date":"2017-01-18T00:13:47","date_gmt":"2017-01-17T16:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26794"},"modified":"2023-06-06T14:31:25","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T06:31:25","slug":"%e8%88%87%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e6%93%a6%e8%ba%ab%e8%80%8c%e9%81%8e%e2%94%80%e4%bb%8b%e7%b4%b9%e5%9b%9b%e4%bd%8d%e5%82%91%e5%87%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26794","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u2500\u4ecb\u7d39\u56db\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vT91eC-nM9Y\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5728 1901 \u5e74\u8a2d\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u4e4b\u7121\u7de3\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u537b\u6210\u70ba\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u9019\u5e7e\u4f4d\uff0c\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5e78\u597d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u55ae\u7d14\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong> \u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb \u8521\u860a\u660e\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u662f\u5df4\u6bd4\u8036 (Philippe Antoine Barbier) \uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u88ab\u5f8c\u4e16\u5c0a\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7d42\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u69ae\u8000\u3002\u5df4\u6bd4\u8036\u5728 1899 \u5e74\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u9069\u7576\u8a66\u5291\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8ddf\u9382\u6703\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6a5f\u9382\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7522\u751f\u9187\u985e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u683c\u4efb\u4e9e (Fran\u00e7ois Auguste Victor Grignard) \uff0c\u4ee5\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u6578\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u6a5f\u9382\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u5730\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6578\u767e\u7bc7\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u683c\u4efb\u4e9e\u56e0\u6b64\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u5df4\u6bd4\u8036\u537b\u6210\u4e86\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\u3002\u683c\u4efb\u4e9e\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e8b\u59cb\u7d42\u9817\u70ba\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5e0c\u671b\u8868\u5f70\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7372\u6089\u5f97\u734e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u5fb5\u8a62\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5f97\u734e\u81f4\u8a5e\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u8aaa\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u624d\u6709\u6b64\u6210\u679c\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u662f\u514b\u53e4\u5217 (Friedrich August Kekul\u00e9) \u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ddf ptt \u9109\u6c11\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u6703\u505a\u5922\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 1855 \u5e74\u505a\u4e86\u500b\u5922\uff0c\u5922\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u9375\u7d50\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u9577\u934a\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u67ef\u8033\u4f2f (Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe) \u9178\u70ba\u300c\u9999\u8178\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\u7684\u9577\u934a\u7d50\u69cb\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728 1865 \u5e74\u53c8\u505a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5922\uff0c\u5922\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u689d\u929c\u5c3e\u86c7\u4e00\u6a23\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u82ef\u74b0\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u514b\u53e4\u5217\u5728 1896 \u5e74\u5c31\u901d\u4e16\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8a2d\u7acb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u50f9\u9375\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5316\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u57f9\u990a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u51e1\u7279\u8377\u592b (Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) \u3001\u8cbb\u6b47\u723e (Hermann Emil Fischer) \u8ddf\u62dc\u723e (Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer) \uff0c\u5305\u8fa6\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u982d\u4e94\u5c46\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u672c\u4e8b\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u73ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u767b\u5834\u7684\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u9580\u5f97\u5217\u592b (Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev) \u3002\u4ed6\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u8ddf\u514b\u53e4\u5217\u4e00\u6a23\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5922\uff0c\u5728\u5922\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8868\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5750\u843d\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u9192\u4f86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u628a\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u5beb\u5728\u7d19\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u5fc5\u8b80\u7684\u9031\u671f\u8868\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5f35\u9031\u671f\u8868\u6307\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u9810\u6e2c\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8aa4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u9580\u5f97\u5217\u592b\u4e00\u76f4\u6d3b\u5230 1907 \u5e74\u624d\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5e74\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u5f37\u70c8\u6279\u8a55\u5176\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u745e\u5c3c\u58eb (Svante Arrhenius) \uff0c\u7372\u9812 1903 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002\u9580\u5f97\u5217\u592b\u5728 1906 \u5e74\uff0c\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7be4\u5b9a\u7372\u734e\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5be9\u67e5\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u537b\u7206\u51b7\u9580\u843d\u9078\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u4ed6\u5f97\u7f6a\u7684\u963f\u745e\u5c3c\u58eb\u79c1\u4e0b\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8ddf\u4eba\u4e16\u88e1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u5f88\u653f\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9846\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\uff0c\u662f\u5728 1895 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 (Louis Pasteur) \u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u6216\u8a31\u6c92\u80fd\u6d3b\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u537b\u88ab\u5f8c\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7968\u9078\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff1a\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u8461\u8404\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8ddf\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u53f3\u65cb\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\uff1b\u66f4\u795e\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u53f3\u65cb\u8ddf\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9178\u9e7d\u5404\u53d6\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6df7\u6210\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u65cb\u5149\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u662f\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u5fc5\u6b50 (Jean-Baptiste Biot) \uff0c\u5c0d\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u76f8\u7576\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u8ad6\u6587\u6642\u7279\u5225\u8acb\u4ed6\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u5834\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff1b\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5fc5\u6b50\u6fc0\u52d5\u5730\u63e1\u4f4f\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9019\u8f29\u5b50\u5982\u6b64\u6df1\u611b\u8457\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u8b93\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u6026\u7136\u60b8\u52d5\uff01\u300d\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u71b1\u611b\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u52a0\u6301\u8a8d\u8b49\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" 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