{"id":26793,"date":"2017-01-17T00:13:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T16:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26793"},"modified":"2023-06-06T14:32:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T06:32:15","slug":"%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%8d%8e%e4%b9%8b%e5%89%8d%e6%a8%b9%e7%ab%8b%e9%87%8c%e7%a8%8b%e7%a2%91%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26793","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e4b\u524d\u6a39\u7acb\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sjsldnsRp-g\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u7d9c\u89c0\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u5f97\u734e\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u662f\u8981\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5275\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u898b\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5f15\u9818\u79d1\u5b78\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u4ef6\u9f4a\u5099\uff0c\u7372\u734e\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5c31\u5927\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u51fa\u751f\u5f97\u592a\u65e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7372\u6b64\u6b8a\u69ae\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c <\/strong>\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb \u9673\u7af9\u4ead\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u662f\u8377\u862d\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u65af\uff0e\u4ea8\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff0e\u51e1\u7279\u8377\u592b (Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff) \uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5176\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u6ef2\u900f\u58d3\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7acb\u9ad4\u5316\u5b78\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u65bc 1901 \u5e74\u7372\u9812\u9019\u9805\u6b8a\u69ae\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u9996\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u56db\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u958b\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7d30\u89c0\u51e1\u7279\u8377\u592b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5c64\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\uff08\u5728\u7576\u6642\u9084\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u9802\u5c16\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u539f\u5b50\u8aaa\uff09\uff1b\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5ea6\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u65b9\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u5176\u6392\u5217\u7d44\u5408\u5c31\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7acb\u9ad4\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6c23\u9ad4\u53ca\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u52d5\u614b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u7c92\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u602a\u529b\u4e82\u795e\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u51e1\u7279\u8377\u592b\u7372\u734e\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f86\u56de\u9867\u5728\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u7372\u734e\u7684\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033 (Robert Boyle) \uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u5b9a\u91cf\u5b9a\u6eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u8207\u58d3\u529b\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff1b\u9019\u689d\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8981\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u5206\u5e03\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e6b\u4e0a\u4e00\u628a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u70ba\u7d2e\u5be6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u4f86\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u820d\u52d2 (C. W. Scheele) \u8ddf\u666e\u529b\u65af\u5229 (J. Priesley) \uff0c\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u5316\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5bb6\u90fd\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6c27\uff0c\u7167\u8aaa\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u71c3\u7d20\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c27\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u300c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0 (Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier) \u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u3002\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u628a\u6c27\u6c23\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u71c3\u71d2\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u5177\u9ad4\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u52a0\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7372\u734e\u8cc7\u683c\u8457\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c (Michael Faraday) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u8ddf\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u7372\u9812\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u5ea7\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u78c1\u4e92\u751f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u529b\u7dda\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u300c\u5834\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01 (James Clerk Maxwell) \u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u5960\u5b9a\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u9019\u8db3\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ed6\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e00\u5ea7\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u89e3\u7684\u7528\u96fb\u91cf\u8207\u5143\u7d20\u7522\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u5c1a\u672a\u78ba\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u70ba\u5143\u7d20\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u628a\u96fb\u89e3\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20 1 \u7576\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u96fb\u91cf\u7a31\u4f5c 1 \u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff0c\u8db3\u898b\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u9818\u53d6\u4e00\u5ea7\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u9019\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5171\u901a\u9ede\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u96c6\u5176\u5927\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u80fd\u85c9\u4ee5\u555f\u767c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u5275\u898b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8981\u722d\u53d6\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u524d\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u9748\u5de7\u667a\u6167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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