{"id":26296,"date":"2016-10-07T09:40:56","date_gmt":"2016-10-07T01:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26296"},"modified":"2018-08-03T15:19:33","modified_gmt":"2018-08-03T07:19:33","slug":"%e3%80%902016%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%94%9f%e7%90%86%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e7%8d%8e%e3%80%91%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be%e8%87%aa%e5%99%ac%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e6%a9%9f%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26296","title":{"rendered":"\u30102016\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u3011\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26298\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2016npm.png\" alt=\"2016npm\" width=\"620\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2016npm.png 620w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2016npm-600x271.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb \u8303\u59dc\u6587\u69ae<\/p>\n<p>2016\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u6842\u51a0\uff0c\u9812\u7d66\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u9685\u826f\u5178\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (Macroautophagy) \u5f8c\u4f86\u7a31\u4f5c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (autophagy)\uff0c\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1 (vesicle)\uff0c\u5c07\u6240\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u6eb6\u9ad4 (lysosome) \u9032\u884c\u6d88\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u89e3\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u79fb\u9664\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593\u9577\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u5de8\u5206\u5b50\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df2\u9000\u5316\u6216\u53d7\u640d\u7684\u80de\u5668\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u8abf\u63a7\u98e2\u9913\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u975e\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u53ca\u518d\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u79fb\u9664\u7d30\u80de\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u9593\u7d66\u65b0\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u5165\u4fb5\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u6bd2\u6027\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u8001\u5316\u3001\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u75c5\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d61960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9577\u9054\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u6a5f\u5236\u53ca\u751f\u7406\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u767c\u8868\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u768415\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7d93\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u9078\u6b96(clone)\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u53ca\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u9375\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u95e1\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u7de8\u78bc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u767c\u73fe\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5df2\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7406\u53ca\u75be\u75c5\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u8996\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5967\u79d8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0cChristian de Duve\u5c0d\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Albert Claude\u7814\u767c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u96e2\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u8461\u8404\u7cd6-6-\u78f7\u9178\u9176 (glucose-6-phosphatase) \u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8ffd\u8e64\u5230\u9178\u6027\u78f7\u9178\u9176 (acid phosphatase) \u7684\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65b0\u9bae\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u809d\u81df\u788e\u7247\u4e2d\u7121\u6cd5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u9175\u7d20\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u5730\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u9019\u4e9b\u809d\u81df\u788e\u7247\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u51b0\u7bb15\u5929\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u5ea6\u51fa\u73fe\u9175\u7d20\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u9176 (proteolytic enzymes) \u88ab\u9694\u96e2\u5728\u7531de Duve\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6eb6\u9ad4 (lysosome) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u819c\u72c0\u69cb\u9020\u3002\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bcc\u542b\u6eb6\u9ad4\u7684\u809d\u81df\u788e\u7247\u53ca\u809d\u81df\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u6eb6\u9ad4\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u80de\u5668\u3002Christian de Duve\u3001Albert Claude\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caGeorge Palade\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u6eb6\u9ad4\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u8207\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u69ae\u73721974\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u6842\u51a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u767c\u73fe\u6eb6\u9ad4\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u5c0f\u9f20\u814e\u81df\u6b63\u5e38\u767c\u80b2\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\u88ab\u9694\u96e2\u81f3\u819c\u72c0\u69cb\u9020\uff1b\u800c\u542b\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u53ca\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u819c\u72c0\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u6c34\u814e\u75c7\u72c0 (hydronephrosis) \u7684\u5927\u9f20\u814e\u81df\u8fd1\u7aef\u5c0f\u7ba1\u7d30\u80de (proximal tubule cells) \u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u9000\u5316\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u56ca\u6ce1\u6703\u548c\u5177\u6709\u9178\u6027\u78f7\u9178\u9176\u7684\u9846\u7c92\u7d50\u5408 (colocalize)\uff0c\u4e14\u6b64\u69cb\u9020\u6578\u91cf\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u9000\u5316\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u542b\u9000\u5316\u6027\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u7684\u819c\u72c0\u69cb\u9020\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u5927\u9f20\u809d\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u7576\u704c\u6ce8\u5347\u7cd6\u7d20 (glucagon perfusion)\u6216\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77ad\u89e3\u6eb6\u9ad4\u80fd\u6d88\u5316\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u6210\u5206\u5f8c\uff0c1963\u5e74Christian de Duve\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u65b0\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u300c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (autophagy)\u300d\uff0c\u6578\u5e74\u5f8c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u9867\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6703\u5fae\u91cf\u51fa\u73fe(low basal level)\uff0c\u7576\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u9032\u884c\u5206\u5316\u6216\u91cd\u6574\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u8166\u3001\u8178\u9053\u3001\u814e\u81df\u3001\u80ba\u81df\u3001\u809d\u81df\u3001\u524d\u5217\u817a\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7532\u72c0\u817a\uff0c\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002\u63a8\u6e2c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u61c9\u4ed8\u98e2\u9913\u4ee3\u8b1d\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u75be\u75c5\u767c\u75c5\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5ee3\u6cdb\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5404\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u5982\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3001\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u8b8a\u5f62\u87f2\u3001\u773c\u87f2 (Euglena gracilis)\u3001\u773c\u539f\u87f2 (Tetrahymena)\u3001\u6606\u87f2\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u86d9\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u70ba\u4e00\u6b77\u7d93\u6f14\u5316\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6578\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u6fc0\u7d20\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8017\u640d\u6703\u8a98\u767c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u523a\u6fc0\u6703\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u5c0f\u5206\u5b503-\u7532\u57fa\u817a\u560c\u5464 (3-methyladenine) \u6703\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u7d50\u5408\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u96e2\u6cd5 (cell fractionation)\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u653e\u5c04\u7167\u50cf\u8853 (autoradiography)\uff0c\u53ca\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u521d\u671f\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u69cb\u9020-\u541e\u566c\u6ce1 (phagophore)\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5411\u5916\u5ef6\u4f38\u5305\u8986\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c01\u9589\u6210\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c34\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1 (vesicle) -\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4 (autophagosome)\uff08\u57161\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26299\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/74380_p1.png\" alt=\"74380_p1\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u566c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6a5f\u5236\u53ca\u8abf\u63a7\u4ecd\u4e0d\u660e\u3002\u7576\u6642\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u5e7e\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6b64\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8207\u6eb6\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u77e5\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u77ed\u66ab\uff0c\u4e14\u8207\u6eb6\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u524d\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u7d0410~20\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u578b\u614b\u53ca\u751f\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728de Duve\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u300d\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u5f8c\u5c07\u8fd130\u5e74\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u904e\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4e14\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u96e3\u4ee5\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u566c\u904e\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8a98\u767c?\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210?\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u500b\u9ad4\u5b58\u6d3b\u6709\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u6027?\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272?<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u25cf\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6a5f\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5927\u9685\u826f\u5178\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u51fa\u82bd\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u9175\u6bcd\u83ccSaccharomyces cerevisae\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u70ba\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u6db2\u6ce1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u6eb6\u9ad4(lysosome)\u3002\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u82e5\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7576\u6291\u5236\u6db2\u6ce1\u5167\u9175\u7d20\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u9020\u6210\u541e\u566c\u5165\u6db2\u6ce1\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u70ba\u9a57\u8b49\u8a72\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u7f3a\u5c11\u6db2\u6ce1\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u9176A\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u9176B\u3001\u53ca\u7fa7\u57fa\u80bd\u9176(carboxy-peptidase)\u7684\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u54c1\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u7121\u71df\u990a\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u76bf\u751f\u9577\u7684\u57fa\u6539\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u5b78\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u5c31\u80fd\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u81ea\u566c\u9846\u7c92(autophagic bodies)\u6703\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5728\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u6db2\u6ce1\u5167\uff0c\u6b64\u7279\u6b8a\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u78ba\u4fe1\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u8a98\u767c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u8a98\u767c\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u7f3a\u640d\u6db2\u6ce1\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u767c\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u8b8a\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u6db2\u6ce1\u7d2f\u7a4d\u81ea\u566c\u9846\u7c92\uff1b\u4ed6\u547d\u540d\u6b64\u57fa\u56e0\u70ba\u300cautophagy 1 (APG1)\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u6c2e\u6e90\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u57fa\u4e2d\uff0cAPG1\u7a81\u8b8a\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u6bd4\u91ce\u751f\u578b\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u8f03\u5feb\u5931\u53bb\u5b58\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7b2c2\u9053\u7be9\u9078\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u8f03\u70ba\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u53ca\u984d\u5916\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u53bb\u8fa8\u8b5875\u500b\u96b1\u6027\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u985e\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u88dc\u7fa4(complementation group)\u30021993\u5e74\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u767c\u8868\u5728\u671f\u520aFEBS\u8ad6\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u6709\u9ad8\u905415\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u5c0d\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u547d\u540d\u70baAPG1-15\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u5df2\u78ba\u8a8d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7d71\u63a1\u7528ATG\u7c21\u5beb\u4f86\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u5167\u6587\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u9078\u6b96\u6578\u500bATG\u57fa\u56e0\u53ca\u95e1\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7522\u7269\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002ATG1\u57fa\u56e0\u9078\u6b96\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8a72\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u300c\u7d72\u80fa\u9178\/\u8607\u80fa\u9178\u6fc0\u9176(serine\/threonine kinase)\u300d\uff0c\u8b49\u5be6\u5728\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u626e\u6f14\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u5176\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaAtg1\u6703\u8207ATG13\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7522\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7TOR\u6fc0\u9176\u7684\u8abf\u63a7\u3002TOR\u5728\u990a\u5206\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u6703\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaAtg13\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f62\u6210Atg13:Atg1\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u7576TOR\u56e0\u7d30\u80de\u98e2\u9913\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u6d3b\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u53bb\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaAtg13\u6703\u8207Atg1\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6d3b\u5316\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e94\u89d2\u5f62\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u6fc0\u9176\uff0c\u5305\u62ecAtg1\u3001Atg13\u3001Atg17\u3001Atg29\u3001\u53caAtg31\u3002\u8a72\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u7269\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u300d\u968e\u68af\u5f0f\u53cd\u61c9(cascade of events)\u7684\u7b2c1\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u8207\u819c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u86cb\u767dAtg9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u78f7\u8102\u9178\u808c\u9187-3\u6fc0\u9176 (phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase\uff1bPI3K)\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u6709\u95dc\u806f\uff0cPI3K\u7531\u6db2\u6ce1\u86cb\u767d\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6ce1\u6392\u5217\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea34(Vps34)\u3001Vps15\u3001Atg6\u3001\u53caAtg14\u3002\u8a72\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u300c\u78f7\u8102\u9178\u808c\u9187-3\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d(phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate)\u300d\u53ca\u53e6\u5916\u7684Atg\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u88ab\u88dc\u5145\u81f3\u541e\u566c\u6ce1(phagophore)\u7684\u819c\u69cb\u9020\u3002\u541e\u566c\u6ce1\u85c9\u75312\u500b\u300c\u985e\u6cdb\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u63a5\u5408\u968e\u5c64(ubiquitin-like protein conjugation cascades)\u300d\uff0c\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u5c55\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u6210\u719f\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4(autophagosome) \uff08\u57162\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26300\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/74380_p2.png\" alt=\"74380_p2\" width=\"600\" height=\"362\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaAtg 8\u4f5c\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6210\u9577\u4e2d\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u7684Atg 8\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u98e2\u9913\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\uff0cAtg 8 \u5f62\u6210\u8f03\u5927\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u80fd\u7d50\u548c\u5728\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u53ca\u81ea\u566c\u9846\u7c92\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u51fa\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0cAtg 8\u80fd\u5426\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u819c\u4e0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65bc2\u500b\u300c\u985e\u6cdb\u7d20\u63a5\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71 (ubiquitin-like conjugation systems)\u300d\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032Atg 8\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7d50\u5408\u81f3\u819c\u8102\u8cea\u300c\u78f7\u8102\u91af\u4e59\u9187\u80fa (phosphatidylethanolamine)\u300d\uff0c\u90192\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u9176Atg 7\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7d50\u5408\u6642\uff0cAtg12\u85c9\u8207Atg7\u7684\u300c\u534a\u80f1\u80fa\u9178\u57fa (cysteine residue)\u300d\u5f62\u6210\u786b\u916f\u9375 (thioester bond) \u800c\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3\u7d50\u5408\u9176Atg10\uff0c\u4ee5\u50ac\u5316\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7d50\u5408\u81f3Atg5\u3002\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0cAtg12: Atg5\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6703\u5fb5\u52dfAtg16\u53bb\u5f62\u62103\u5206\u5b50\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\uff0c\u65bc\u7b2c2\u500b\u985e\u6cdb\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u63a5\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a5\u5408\u9176(ligase)\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u7b2c2\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u53cd\u61c9\uff0cAtg8\u7684C\u7aef\u7cbe\u80fa\u9178(arginine) \u53d7Atg4\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u6210\u719f\u7684Atg8\u63a5\u8457\u53d7\u5230Atg7\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3Atg3\u63a5\u5408\u9176\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u90192\u500b\u63a5\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u5408\u6210Atg12: Atg5: Atg16\u63a5\u5408\u9176\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7fAtg8\u63a5\u5408\u81f3\u300c\u78f7\u8102\u91af\u4e59\u9187\u80fa (phosphatidylethanolamine)\u300d\u3002\u8102\u8cea\u5316\u7684Atg8\u662f\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4 (autophagosome) \u9577\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u53ca\u878d\u5408\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9a45\u52d5\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u90192\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u81ea\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u81f3\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u8207\u9175\u6bcd\u83ccAtg8\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7a31\u70baLC3(light chain 3)\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\uff0c\u87a2\u5149\u6a19\u8b58\u7684LC3\u5df2\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u9996\u5148\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u985e\u4f3c\u9175\u6bcd\u83ccATG\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u8f03\u9ad8\u7b49\u7684\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0Atg5\u7f3a\u640d\u5c0f\u9f20\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u660e\u986f\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u7121\u6cd5\u61c9\u4ed8\u9935\u98df\u524d\u7684\u98e2\u9913\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5f8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u81ea\u566c\u6a5f\u5236\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5254\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0f\u9f20\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5df2\u8b49\u5be6\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u767c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5ee3\u5927\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u751f\u91ab\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u6578\u91cf\u5373\u5448\u73fe\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u5177\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u5340\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u985e\u578b\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u985e\u578b-\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (macroautophagy)\uff0c\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u53ca\u80de\u5668\u3002\u975e\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (non-selective autophagy)\uff0c\u80fd\u9023\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5982\u98e2\u9913\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8a98\u767c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u8cea(\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u80de\u5668\u3001\u6216\u5165\u4fb5\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u7d30\u83cc)\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (selective autophagy)\uff0c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9760\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f86\u8fa8\u8b58\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u300c\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u819c (autophagosomal membrane)\u300d\u4e0a\u7684Atg8\u6216LC3\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u985e\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u5fae\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (microautophagy)\u300d\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u300c\u6eb6\u9ad4\u819c (lysosomal membrane)\u300d\u5411\u5167\u647a\u758a\u76f4\u63a5\u541e\u566c\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u4f34\u8b77\u86cb\u767d\u8abf\u63a7\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (chaperone-mediated autophagy)\u300d\uff0c\u5177\u7279\u5b9a\u8fa8\u8b58\u8a0a\u865f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u80fd\u85c9\u9375\u7d50\u81f3\u300c\u4f34\u8b77\u86cb\u767d\u8907\u5408\u9ad4 (chaperone complex)\u300d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u6eb6\u9ad4 (lysosome)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u75c5\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u95dc\u9023\u6027\uff08\u57163\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5c0d\u523a\u6fc0\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u77ad\u89e3\u8a72\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5728\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u790e\u904b\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u6cdb\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71 (ubiquitin-proteasome system)\u300d\u512a\u5148\u5206\u89e3\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593\u8f03\u77ed\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u79fb\u9664\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u6574\u500b\u80de\u5668\u5982\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4 (mitochondria)\u3001\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u9ad4(peroxisomes)\u3001\u53ca\u5167\u8cea\u7db2 (endoplasmic reticulum) \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5c0d\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u6046\u5b9a\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u53c3\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u79fb\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u8a98\u767c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u4fdd\u8b77\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u80fd\u5c0d\u6297\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u640d\u8207\u8001\u5316\u6709\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26301\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/74380_p3.png\" alt=\"74380_p3\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70ba\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5e38\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u6709\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6210\u70ba\u75be\u75c5\u6cbb\u7642\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6a19\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u8207\u75be\u75c5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaBeclin-1\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0cBeclin-1\u662f\u57fa\u56e0BECN1\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u985e\u4e73\u764c\u53ca\u5375\u5de2\u764c\u4e2d\u7686\u51fa\u73fe\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002BECN1\u662f\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u8abf\u7bc0\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u555f\u52d5\u6b65\u9a5f\u57fa\u56e0ATG6\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u4f7f\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u647a\u758a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u6eb6\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u5177\u6709\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u4ef0\u8cf4\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u9000\u5316\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u679c\u8805\u53ca\u5c0f\u9f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u85c9\u6291\u5236TOR\u6fc0\u9176\u4f86\u6d3b\u5316\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8166\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u57fa\u56e0Atg5\u53caAtg7\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5c0f\u9f20\u8166\u90e8\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u795e\u7d93\u9000\u5316\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u9ad4\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u96b1\u6027\u907a\u50b3\u4e26\u4f34\u96a8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u640d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u8166\u7578\u5f62\u3001\u767c\u80b2\u9072\u7de9\u3001\u667a\u5546\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u7672\u7647\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\u3001\u53ca\u795e\u7d93\u9000\u5316\u7b49\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5165\u4fb5\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u8a72\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u7570\u6e90\u541e\u566c(xenophagy)\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d3b\u5316\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u53ca\u611f\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u626e\u6f14\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ca\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7d30\u83cc\u5df2\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u8ff4\u907f\u7d30\u80de\u9632\u79a6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u5b83\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9685\u6559\u6388\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u53ca\u95e1\u660e\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u518d\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5df2\u88ab\u78ba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u75be\u75c5\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u6db5\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>--<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u540d\u8a5e\u89e3\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lysosome : \u6eb6\u9ad4\uff0c\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u80de\u5668\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u5305\u8986\u5728\u819c\u5167\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u9176\u3002<br \/>\nPhagophore : \u541e\u566c\u6ce1\uff0c\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528(macroautophagy)\u521d\u671f\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1(vesicle)\uff0c\u541e\u566c\u6ce1\u85c9\u81ea\u566c\u6a5f\u5236\u64f4\u5c55\u4ee5\u541e\u566c\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\u3002<br \/>\nAutophagosome : \u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\uff0c\u5305\u8986\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u9032\u5165\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u7684\u80de\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u8207\u6eb6\u9ad4(lysosome)\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5206\u89e3\u5176\u6210\u5206\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u5c0f\u9ad4\u662f\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528(macroautophagy)\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u69cb\u9020\u3002<br \/>\nSelective autophagy : \u9078\u64c7\u6027\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u80fd\u8abf\u63a7\u7279\u5b9a\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u578b\u5f0f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u89e3\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4(mitochondria)\u7684\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u81ea\u566c(mitophagy)\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4(ribosome)\u7684\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u81ea\u566c(ribophagy)\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u8102\u80aa\u6ef4(lipid droplets)\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u81ea\u566c(ipophagy)\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u5165\u4fb5\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7570\u8cea\u541e\u566c(xenophagy)\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u5167\u6587\u53ca\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/2016\/advanced-medicineprize2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5b98\u7db2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2016\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u6842\u51a0\uff0c\u9812\u7d66\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u9685\u826f\u5178\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5de8\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (Macroautophagy) \u5f8c\u4f86\u7a31\u4f5c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528 (autophagy)\uff0c\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1 (vesicle)\uff0c\u5c07\u6240\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u6eb6\u9ad4 (lysosome) \u9032\u884c\u6d88\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u89e3\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u79fb\u9664\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593\u9577\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u5de8\u5206\u5b50\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df2\u9000\u5316\u6216\u53d7\u640d\u7684\u80de\u5668\u3002\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u8abf\u63a7\u98e2\u9913\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u975e\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u53ca\u518d\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u79fb\u9664\u7d30\u80de\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u9593\u7d66\u65b0\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u5165\u4fb5\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u6bd2\u6027\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u8001\u5316\u3001\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u75c5\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":26298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1027,3293,1025],"tags":[1645,3018,177],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2016npm.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26296"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32670,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26296\/revisions\/32670"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}