{"id":26267,"date":"2016-12-02T00:00:22","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T16:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26267"},"modified":"2023-06-06T14:43:22","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T06:43:22","slug":"%e5%ad%9f%e5%be%b7%e7%88%be%e4%b9%8b%e8%ac%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=26267","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u4e4b\u8b0e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_brIlZspqe4?list=PLil-R4o6jmGg5orDjrjsgF7AjaeAqVamP\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u6c5f\u5049\u65b0<strong><br 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1900\u5e74\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u8b0e\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u4ed6\u505a\u5b8c\u8c4c\u8c46\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u7528\u4e86\u5c71\u67f3\u83ca\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u548c\u8c4c\u8c46\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u9023\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u73fe\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u8457\u738b\u8001\u5e2b\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u89e3\u8b0e\u3002\u5728\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u8b80\u904e\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u9593\u767c\u8868\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u5169\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff1a\u5b88\u5e38\u8207\u51fa\u932f\u3002\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u662f\u5b88\u5e38\u9762\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5c6c\u65bc\u51fa\u932f\u9762\u3002\u5b88\u5e38\u9762\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\uff0c\u51fa\u932f\u9762\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8b8a\u7570\u3002\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6f14\u5316\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5929\u64c7(natural selection)\uff0c\u5c31\u4e2d\u6587\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u300c\u8001\u5929\u723a\u300d\u5728\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u662f\u300c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u5728\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684natural selection\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bcartificial selection\u4f86\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u80b2\u7a2e\u300d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u64c7\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6389\u4eba\u70ba\u5e72\u9810\u5f8c\u5c31\u662fnatural selection\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6559\u6703\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff08\u795e\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u767c\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u53cd\u99c1\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281900\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\uff08Hugo de Vries\uff0c1848-1935\uff09\uff0c\u79d1\u502b\u65af\uff08Carl Correns\uff0c1864-1933\uff09\u8207Erich von Tschermak\uff081871-1962\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5206\u5c6c\u4e0d\u540c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u7d04\u800c\u540c\u7684\u628a\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u62ac\u51fa\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u4f86\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u8ab0\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u6703\u8d0f\uff08\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4fbf\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u81f3\u5c11\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u8d0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53d6\u4ee3\u5929\u64c7\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u9069\u61c9\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff01\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u5929\u64c7\u5c0e\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u9069\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u4e8619\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5ba3\u7a31\u5df2\u7d93\u58fd\u7d42\u6b63\u5be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u738b\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u5230\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5f15\u767c\u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u66f4\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u9769\u547d\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6975\u6df1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u540c\u6642\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u6587\u9769\u547d\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u3001\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9769\u547d\u3001\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u7121\u4e0d\u5f15\u767c\u4eba\u6587\u9769\u547d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9054\u723e\u6587\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u9769\u547d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u767c\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u8a18\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u767c\u4eba\u6587\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u7591\u554f\u3002\u738b\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u6975\u53f3\u6d3e\uff1b\u8449\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u6559\u6388\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u540c\u5b78\u5728\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u554f\u95dc\u65bc\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u56db\u5927\u8b0e\u984c\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u738b\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u7834\u89e3\uff1b\u738b\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u8a8d\u540c\u540c\u5b78\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u624d\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7834\u89e3\u9019\u56db\u5927\u8b0e\u984c\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u5920\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u518d\u8aaa\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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