{"id":257,"date":"2009-10-05T15:27:09","date_gmt":"2009-10-05T07:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=257"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:34","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:34","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e6%96%b0%e8%a6%96%e7%95%8c%e3%80%91%e4%bd%8f%e5%8d%97%e4%bd%8f%e5%8c%97%e6%9c%89%e5%b7%ae%e5%88%a5-%e6%b5%81%e8%a1%8c%e7%97%85%e5%82%b3%e6%92%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=257","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u65b0\u8996\u754c\u3011\u4f4f\u5357\u4f4f\u5317\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u2014\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587\u3001\u88fd\u5716\uff5c\u8449\u9ad8\u83ef<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5404\u7a2e\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u90fd\u662f\u5357\u90e8\u6bd4\u5317\u90e8\u7316\u7357\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5c45\u4f4f\u578b\u614b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u55ce\uff1f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7ffb\u958b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u9593\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_283\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-283\" style=\"width: 544px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-283\" title=\"1918\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u75ab\u60c5\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/46_01.jpg\" alt=\"1918\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u75ab\u60c5\" width=\"544\" height=\"693\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-283\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u7684\u5357\u5317\u5206\u4f48\u5373\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u8d8a\u504f\u5411\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u611f\u5192\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>1918\u81f31920\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6158\u91cd\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u3002\u64da\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u81f3\u5c11\u596a\u8d70\u5169\u5343\u842c\u689d\u4eba\u547d\uff0c\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u9084\u591a\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u53f0\u7063\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u7684\u8086\u8650\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da1918\u52301920\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u53e3\u52d5\u614b\u7d71\u8a08\u300b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u53f0\u7063\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5016\u514d\u65bc\u96e3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u75ab\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u65bc1918\u5e7411\u81f312\u6708\u9593\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u516d\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u65bc\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u770b\u4f3c\u5e73\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5230\u4e861920\u5e741\u81f32\u6708\u9593\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u518d\u6b21\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u4e5d\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u65bc\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6578\u5b57\u61c9\u70ba\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8aa4\u5224\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u652f\u6c23\u7ba1\u708e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u6bd4\u5e73\u5e38\u6c34\u6e96\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5247\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u842c\u5169\u5343\u591a\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6bd4\u5e73\u6642\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u771f\u6b63\u596a\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\u547d\u61c9\u6709\u56db\u842c\u591a\u689d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u50c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u56db\u500b\u6708\u4e4b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\u8f03\u5e73\u6642\u591a\u51fa\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u8d85\u984d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u300d\uff08extra mortality\uff09\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u60c5\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u5716\u4e00\u70ba1918\u5e74\u8d85\u984d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5404\u5730\u53d7\u75ab\u60c5\u885d\u64ca\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5357\u90e8\u75ab\u60c5\u6bd4\u5317\u90e8\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u7167\u7406\u8aaa\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u5a01\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u53cd\u800c\u53d7\u5275\u8f03\u6df1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-286\" title=\"1916~1914\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/046_02_new.jpg\" alt=\"1916~1914\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\" width=\"473\" height=\"620\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5404\u7a2e\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u90fd\u662f\u5357\u90e8\u6bd4\u5317\u90e8\u7316\u7357\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6b7b\u56e0\uff1a\u7627\u75be\u3001\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u4e0b\u75e2\uff0c\u7121\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u5317\u90e8\u3002\u5716\u4e8c\u986f\u793a1906\u81f31914\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u5b89\u6eaa\u70ba\u754c\uff0c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u9054\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6d3b\u5230\u8001\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u5c31\u6108\u5c0f\u3002\u5716\u4e09\u986f\u793a1915\u5e7461\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u7576\u6642\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u7684\u9810\u671f\u58fd\u547d \uff08life expectancy at birth\uff09 \u53ea\u670930\u6b72\u51fa\u982d\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6d3b\u523061\u6b72\u7b97\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u9577\u58fd\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u7684\u578b\u614b\u8207\u5716\u4e8c\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u9054\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-276\" title=\"1915\u5e74\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/46_03_shrink.gif\" alt=\"1915\u5e74\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\" width=\"432\" height=\"585\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4f55\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6d87\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\u7684\u5357\u5317\u5dee\u8ddd\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u7576\u7136\u8207\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u662f\u7576\u6642\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6b7b\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u770b\u51fa\u5927\u5b89\u6eaa\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5357\u5317\u6c23\u5019\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u8f03\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6ecb\u751f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u7627\u75be\u3001\u4e0b\u75e2\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u53ef\u5c31\u8aaa\u4e0d\u592a\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u76db\u884c\u65bc\u51ac\u5b63\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f55\u4ee5\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7316\u7357\u5462\uff1f\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u8981\u6563\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7fa4\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u805a\u843d\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u98a8\u96aa\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u5357\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6751\u843d\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u500b\u3001\u4e0a\u767e\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u96c6\u6751\u3002\u96c6\u6751\u88e1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u6578\u5341\u500b\u3001\u4e0a\u767e\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u9593\u8513\u5ef6\u958b\u4f86\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5317\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5927\u591a\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u9580\u6236\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5ead\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u6563\u6751\u3002\u6563\u6751\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u906d\u6b83\u3002\u5c24\u5176\uff0c\u6843\u7af9\u82d7\u5730\u5340\u53c8\u662f\u4e18\u9675\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u9593\u9694\u5f97\u66f4\u958b\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8513\u5ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ffb\u958b\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6642\u6642\u53ef\u898b\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u5de6\u53f3\u4eba\u985e\u547d\u904b\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u8207\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e0d\u96e3\u60f3\u898b\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u547d\u904b\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8449\u9ad8\u83ef<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300c\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u984c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u535a\u58eb\u57f9\u80b2\u8a08\u756b (2009-)\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6e90\u5b78\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u73ed (2006-)\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u9078\u8209\u5730\u7406\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u8a08\u91cf\u53f2\u5b78<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u8449\u9ad8\u83ef\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u683c\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/richter.pixnet.net\/blog\" target=\"_blank\">\u5730\u5716\u6703\u8aaa\u8a71<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/renlai\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-245\" title=\"Renlai_logo\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/Renlai_logo.gif\" alt=\"Renlai_logo\" width=\"41\" height=\"16\" \/><\/a>  \u25a0\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea<a title=\"\u4eba\u7c5f\u8ad6\u8fa8\u6708\u520a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.erenlai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u3010\u4eba\u7c5f\u3011\u96dc\u8a8c<\/a>\u7b2c63\u671f\u2027\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/renlai\/archives\/9859811.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u6050\u61fc\u6d41\u6620<\/a>\u3009\u5c08\u984c\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1915\u5e74\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,22],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27692,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions\/27692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}