{"id":25301,"date":"2016-08-10T09:50:21","date_gmt":"2016-08-10T01:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=25301"},"modified":"2023-06-06T14:55:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T06:55:51","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%b2%99%e9%be%8d%e3%80%91%e6%8b%89%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b-v-s-%e9%81%94%e7%88%be%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=25301","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u62c9\u99ac\u514b v.s. \u9054\u723e\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/o4yJVyaLy9c\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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\/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u6885\u5bf6\u6708<\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6700\u53d7\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5049\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7b2c19\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u65bc1859\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u8ad6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6211\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c \u52a0\u4e0a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u7167\u65b9\u4fbf\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6709\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u5230\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u5e03\u5c01\uff08Comte de Buffon\uff09\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u662f\u5e03\u5c01\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5e03\u5c01\u4e0d\u50c5\u5beb\u4e86\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u5be6\u9a57\u63a8\u8ad6\u5730\u7403\u51b7\u537b\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u4e03\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u63a8\u7ffb\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u7531\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5275\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u7d00\u5143\u524d4004\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u5343\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u5c01\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e9b\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u662f\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\uff1f\u8eab\u70ba\u5e03\u5c01\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u7684\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff0c\u572818\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u8b8a\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u51e1\u662f\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5f80\u9ad8\u7b49\u524d\u9032\uff1b\u7531\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u5230\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u7531\u69cb\u9020\u7c21\u55ae\u5230\u69cb\u9020\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<strong>\u6574\u500b\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9032\u6b65<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u7528\u9032\u5ee2\u9000\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u6703\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u7528\u9032\u5ee2\u9000\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u767c\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e38\u8b58\u8207\u4eba\u751f\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587(Charles Robert Darwin)\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u8b8a\u8ad6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5929\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u975e\u8b8a\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u6709\u5169\u5927\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u990a\u5206\u53ca\u6392\u6cc4\u5ee2\u7269\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6d3b\u8457\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u6703\u7834\u58de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\uff1b\u70ba\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u65b7\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u5c0e\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u5e03\u5c01\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u662f\u6ec5\u7d55\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u800c\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u88e1\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u5728\u6642\u9593\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9593\u6703\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9054\u723e\u6587\u57281859\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u300b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u5929\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u500b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u8b8a\u7570\u3001\u907a\u50b3\u3001\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u8b8a\u7570\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u662f\u4ee5\u6df7\u5408\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u907a\u50b3\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 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style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AoIAMG5qFac\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u57281943\u5e74\uff0cLuria S. E. \u548cM. Delbruck\u5229\u7528\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u7d30\u83cc, \u89c0\u5bdf\u7d30\u83cc\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u7a81\u8b8a\u662f\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u7684\u9084\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c<strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u3001\u662f\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u78b0\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa<strong>\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u539f\u5148\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136Luria \u8207Delbruck\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d66\u4e86\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u660e\uff0c 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Cairns 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