{"id":24894,"date":"2016-06-22T00:00:41","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T16:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=24894"},"modified":"2018-08-03T14:42:45","modified_gmt":"2018-08-03T06:42:45","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%a4%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%e3%80%91%e4%b8%81%e8%82%87%e4%b8%ad%e9%99%a2%e5%a3%ab%e4%bb%8b%e7%b4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=24894","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e40\u9031\u5e74\u5c08\u984c\u3011\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u9662\u58eb\u4ecb\u7d39"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25cf7\/3\u3010\u5927\u5e2b\u6f14\u8b1b\u3011\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u9662\u58eb\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e40\u9031\u5e74\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406<\/a>\u300d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u7167\u7247\u70ba\u4e01\u9662\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8acb\u52ff\u4efb\u610f\u8f49\u8f09\u3002\"
\u7167\u7247\u70ba\u4e01\u9662\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8acb\u52ff\u4efb\u610f\u8f49\u8f09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u5f35\u5ffb\u90c1<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u6559\u63881936\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5dde\u7684\u5b89\u5a1c\u5821 (Ann Arbor) \u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7684\u4e01\u89c0\u6d77\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5c08\u653b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u738b\u96cb\u82f1\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u90fd\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8a2a\u554f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5168\u5bb6\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u9022\u6297\u65e5\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e8c\u6b72\u4f86\u53f0\uff0c\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u6b63\u898f\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u5f8c\u5c31\u8b80\u7af9\u5357\u570b\u5c0f\uff0c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5927\u540c\u570b\u5c0f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u4e2d\u5b78\uff0c\u5efa\u570b\u4e2d\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u5728\u6210\u5927\u53ea\u5f85\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u96bb\u8eab\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u65bc1959\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c1960\u53ca1962\u5e74\u5206\u5225\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u78a9\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

1963\u5e74\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u798f\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CERN\uff09\u9032\u884c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u30021965\u5e74\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5728\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u64d4\u4efb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3002\u9019\u500b\u671f\u9593\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8a66\u9a57\u611f\u5230\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5c0d\u54c8\u4f5b\u548c\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5718\u968a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u91cf\u9ad8\u80fd\u5149\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u78b3\u9776\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u4e0d\u7b26\u30021966\u5e74\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u96e2\u958b\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u8f49\u5f80\u5fb7\u570b\u96fb\u5b50\u540c\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08DESY\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u9748\u654f\u7684\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u5229\u7528DESY\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u5149\u5b50\u675f\u91cd\u505a\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u54c8\u4f5b\uff0f\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u65bc1969\u5e74\u7372\u8058\u70ba\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1977\u5e74\u7372\u9078\u70baThomas Dudley Cabot \u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u9019\u500b\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u6301\u7e8c\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u611f\u5230\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5b50\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u9644\u8fd1\u7522\u751f\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0b\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u904b\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\uff08\u8207\u5149\u5b50\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u7a0b\u8b93\u4ed6\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u9ad8\u4eae\u5ea6\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5104\u500d\u7684\u5f37\u5b50\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e26\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u91cf\u548c\u4e0d\u8b8a\u8cea\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u662f\u767c\u73feJ\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u5206\u5225\u662f0.760, 0.783, \u548c1.0195 GeV\uff0810\u5104\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff09\u3002\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u81ea\u8ff0\uff1a\u201dIt is inconceivable to me that there should be only three of them, and all with a mass around 1 GeV\u201d (\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u90fd\u57281GeV\u5de6\u53f3)\u30021971\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u6210\u54e1\u958b\u59cb\u69cb\u601d\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0b\u627e\u8cea\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7528\u9ad8\u80fd\u8cea\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u9239\u9776\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u5075\u6e2c\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u5f8c\u7684\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u65bc1973-1974\u5e74\u9593\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u70ba3.1GeV\u7684\u91cd\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u5c07\u5b83\u547d\u540d\u70baJ\u7c92\u5b50\u3002J\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u76f8\u7576\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c11\u6708\u9769\u547d\u300d\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u65bc1976\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u7684\u9019\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1975\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u540c\u6b65\u96fb\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08DESY\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u7576\u6642\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6b63\u8ca0\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5fPETRA\uff0c\u4e26\u516c\u958b\u5fb5\u6c42\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Mark-J\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u9078\u70baPETRA\u4e0a\u7684\u56db\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Mark-J\u57281978\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u57281979\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5f37\u5b50\u7684\u4e09\u5674\u6d41\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u81a0\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u81a0\u5b50\u662f\u50b3\u64ad\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u9593\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff09\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u5728\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\uff0cMark-J\u5be6\u9a57\u7814\u7a76QCD\u548cQED\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u81a0\u5b50\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5efa\u69cb\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6590\u7136\uff0c\u7372\u734e\u7121\u6578\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u52de\u502b\u65af\u734e\u3001Eringen\u734e\uff081977\uff09\uff0c\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684De Gasperi\u734e\uff081986\uff09\u3001Golden Leopard\u734e\u3001Gold Medal of Science, \u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u592a\u7a7a\u7e3d\u7f72\u9812\u767c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u734e\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7372\u9812\u8a31\u591a\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

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