{"id":24725,"date":"2016-06-08T00:25:09","date_gmt":"2016-06-07T16:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=24725"},"modified":"2018-08-03T14:44:31","modified_gmt":"2018-08-03T06:44:31","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a215-6%e3%80%91%e8%a4%87%e9%9b%9c%e5%a4%9a%e8%ae%8a%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%8c%e6%b5%81%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%82%e5%ba%8f%e5%85%b1%e8%88%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%be%ae%e7%b2%92%e9%9b%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=24725","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2215-6\u3011\u8907\u96dc\u591a\u8b8a\u4e4b\u300c\u6d41\u300d\uff1a\u4e82\u5e8f\u5171\u821e\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u300c\u571f\u661f\u74b0\u300d\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f\uff0c\u7576\u5149\u7dda\u7167\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u5875\u57c3\u5fae\u7c92\uff0c\u7d93\u6563\u5c04\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u300c\u571f\u661f\u74b0\u300d\u3002\u00a9bark@flickr.com\"
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\n\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u6c88\u541b\u5b9c<\/p>\n

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\u25cf\u4f60\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4<\/strong><\/span>
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\"61\"<\/a>\u25cf\u7121\u5fc3\u63d2\u67f3\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f<\/span><\/strong>
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\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u770b\u4f3c\u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff0c\u4f0a\u6797\u6559\u6388\u537b\u89ba\u5f97\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002\u7d30\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u611b\u8377\u83ef\u7684\u6559\u6388\u65e9\u5728\u516b\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u4fbf\u63a2\u8a0e\u904e\u300c\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f\uff08dusty plasma\uff09\u300d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f6e\u5165\u4e00\u5fae\u7c73\u7d1a\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u96fb\u5b50\u5145\u81f3\u4e00\u842c\u500b\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5916\u570d\u7684\u57fa\u677f\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u5145\u6210\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u65a5\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fae\u7c92\u4fbf\u61f8\u6d6e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u518d\u964d\u6eab\u5373\u53ef\u7522\u751f\u7d50\u6676\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4e94\u842c\u5143\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u642d\u914d\u5bb6\u7528\u9304\u5f71\u6a5f\uff0c\u4fbf\u57281993\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f\u6676\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u4f7f\u96fb\u6f3f\u7269\u7406\u754c\u8208\u81f4\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u6797\u6559\u6388\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6700\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u4f3c\u57fa\u672c\u5be6\u5247\u98fd\u542b\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u300c\u6db2\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u6539\u826f\u904e\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u96fb\u6f3f\u6676\u683c\u4eff\u82e5\u56fa\u9ad4\u7684\u6392\u5217\u4e00\u89bd\u7121\u907a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u540c\u6642\u4ecd\u6709\u5c0f\u7570\uff1b\u4ed4\u7d30\u4e00\u77a7\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6676\u683c\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u56fa\u9ad4\u6574\u9f4a\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u898b\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7dda\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7c92\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u91cd\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f03\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4f4d\u65bc\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e95\u90e8\u985e\u4f3c\u4e00\u5927\u7684\u8ca0\u6975\u3002\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u6b63\u8ca0\u6975\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u6392\u6210\u5782\u76f4\u934a\u7684\u4f3c\u4e8c\u7dad\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8a18\u9304\u500b\u5225\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u9060\u77ed\u65bc\u71b1\u5e73\u8861\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u5e03\u6717\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u53c8\u53e6\u95e2\u8e4a\u5f91\u4e86\u3002\u71b1\u64fe\u52d5\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u5e7d\u5fae\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u71b1\u64fe\u52d5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u4e9f\u6b32\u672c\u8457\u752b\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8df3\u812b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u537b\u8001\u88ab\u4e00\u65c1\u7684\u9130\u5c45\u727d\u5236\uff1b\u4e00\u4f86\u4e00\u5f80\u9593\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u9304\u5f71\u6a5f\u6240\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u5149\u666f\u3002\u4e8c\u7dad\u5fae\u7c92\u96fb\u6f3f\u7684\u71b1\u904b\u52d5\u5341\u5206\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u300c\u4fb7\u9650\u9707\u76ea\uff08caged oscillation\uff09\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u7dda\u72c0\u6216\u6e26\u6d41\u72c0\u96c6\u9ad4\u5f8b\u52d5\u3002\u82e5\u5c07\u8a18\u9304\u6642\u9593\u62c9\u9577\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u6210\u300c\u5747\u52fb\u300d\u7684\u5716\u6a23\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u975e\u5747\u5fae\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u52d5\u529b\u884c\u70ba\uff08structural & dynamic heterogeneities\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u5747\u52fb\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5c1a\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u7d50\u69cb\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u6709\u516d\u500b\u76f8\u9130\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u537b\u5076\u723e\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e94\u9130\u3001\u4e03\u9130\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fb7\u9650\u9707\u76ea\u8207\u96c6\u9ad4\u8e8d\u9077\u986f\u7136\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u591a\u9060\uff1f\u63cf\u7e6a\u8ecc\u8de1\u540c\u6a23\u7d66\u4e86\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u53ea\u5728\u539f\u5730\u9707\u76ea\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u505c\u6eef\u6027\u5c40\u57df\u9707\u76ea\uff08sticking \/ caging\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8e8d\u9077\uff0c\u8df3\u96e2\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6676\u683c\u9060\u3002\u6b64\u64fe\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u6676\u9ad4\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7372\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u80fd\u91cf\u7522\u751f\u8e8d\u9077\u6642\uff0c\u5468\u906d\u7c92\u5b50\u4e5f\u5faa\u6b64\u8ecc\u8de1\u6709\u4e86\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\uff08collective motion\uff09\uff0c\u9817\u6709\u96de\u72ac\u5347\u5929\u4e4b\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\"62\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u756a\u9707\u76ea\u4e5f\u53ef\u518d\u7528\u53c3\u6578\u5206\u6790\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u6642\u9593\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6642\u9593\u9577\u6642\u53ef\u898b\u8e8d\u52d5\u3001\u99b3\u8c6b\u7b49\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4fc2\u56e0\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u80fd\u91cf\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e4b\u6545\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u76f8\u5e72\u4fc2\u6578\u300d\uff0c\u77ad\u89e3\u4e0b\u4e00\u6642\u523b\u8207\u4e0a\u4e00\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"63\"<\/a>\u25cf\u6709\u5e8f\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u62c9\u92f8<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u6db2\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u6676\u683c\u5076\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u62d3\u6a38\u7f3a\u9677\uff08topological defect\uff09\u3002\u770b\u4f3c\u6574\u9f4a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5be6\u5247\u5e38\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u63d2\u6392\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8207\u71b1\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6676\u683c\u6703\u6f38\u8da8\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u9375\u89d2\u5e8f\u53c3\u4ea6\u53ef\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6676\u683c\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07\u6642\u95930\u79d2\u53ca5\u79d2\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u758a\u5408\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7f3a\u9677\u5718\u7c07\u5927\u5c0f\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71b1\u5e73\u8861\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u6709\u81ea\u7d44\u7e54\u81e8\u754c\uff08self-organized criticality\uff09\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u91cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u52d5\u529b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u6a5f\u7387\u6709\u51aa\u6b21\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u52d5\u529b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u4f4d\u65bc\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u8f03\u5bec\u5340\u9593\u5c55\u73fe\u6b64\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5730\u9707\u3001\u96ea\u5d29\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u812b\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u795f\u3002\u4ee5\u5730\u9707\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u79e9\u5e8f\u6f14\u5316\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u6642\u5019\u7cfb\u7d71\u8655\u65bc\u7a69\u5b9a\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u9707\u76ea\uff1b\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u843d\u5230\u95be\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fbf\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u7121\u5e8f\u614b\u9ad8\u5f62\u8b8a\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u591a\u91cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5718\u7c07\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b1\u64fe\u52d5\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u540c\u6a23\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u71b1\u64fe\u52d5\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u5730\u6fc0\u767c\u6216\u58d3\u6291\u7c92\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\uff1b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u8ca0\u8cac\u50b3\u905e\u300c\u6709\u5e8f\u300d\u6216\u6fc0\u767c\u614b\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u70ba\u6642\u7a7a\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u58d3\u6291\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u3001\u50b3\u905e\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5b78\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u6cbb\u73ed\u8853\uff1a\u544a\u8a34\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u5011\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u9003\u96e2\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u4fbf\u6703\u6328\u6253\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u9694\u58c1\u540c\u5b78\u7684\u727d\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u300d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u62c9\u8457\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u540c\u4f34\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u4eba\u4e00\u540c\u6e9c\u8d70\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u300c\u51cd\u58de\u300d\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\uff1f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u8ac7\u5230\u7269\u8cea\u76f8\u614b\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9130\u8fd1\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u7684\u300c\u51b7\u6db2\u9ad4\u300d\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u4eba\u95dc\u7167\u3002\u51b7\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0d\u4f73\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\uff08strain energy\uff09\u8f03\u9ad8\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8f03\u5927\u7247\u6574\u9f4a\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5283\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u975c\u6b62\u3001\u98c4\u79fb\u3001\u65cb\u8f49\u3001\u8e8d\u9077\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u548c\u76f8\u9130\u4e00\u6392\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u5225\u5f80\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u626d\u66f2\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f37\u526a\u5e36\u3002\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u76f8\u9130\u4e8c\u5206\u5b50\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u6b64\u7dda\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u65bc\u5ea7\u6a19\u5167\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u91cf\uff0c\u7531\u9375\u89d2\u8b8a\u5316\u91cf\u6b63\u8ca0\uff08\u53ca\u9006\u6642\u91dd\u6216\u9806\u6642\u91dd\u65cb\u8f49\uff09\u4f5c\u5716\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8af8\u591a\u300c\u6676\u584a\u300d\uff0c\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u5169\u8005\u5747\u662f\u5f80\u9806\uff08\u6216\u9006\uff09\u6642\u91dd\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5f37\u526a\u5e36\u4e00\u6c34\u4e4b\u9694\u3002\u6301\u7e8c\u8ffd\u8e64\u6642\u9593\u62c9\u9577\u5f8c\u7684\u6676\u584a\u6a23\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u76f8\u9130\u5c0f\u6676\u584a\u65cb\u8f49\u6703\u8a98\u767c\u5927\u6676\u584a\u7684\u7834\u88c2\uff1b\u800c\u5f8c\u85c9\u8457\u5f37\u526a\u5e36\u4e0a\u65b7\u9375\u8207\u91cd\u9023\uff0c\u7652\u5408\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u6676\u584a\u3002\u5f37\u526a\u5e36\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u8b8a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u788e\u5f62\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e\u65cb\u8f49\u3001\u88c2\u89e3\u3001\u7652\u5408\uff0c\u6676\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53ef\u8aaa\u5982\u6b77\u53f2\u8da8\u52e2\u300c\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u3001\u5408\u4e45\u5fc5\u5206\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"64\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u25cf\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38<\/strong><\/span>
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--
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 <\/p>\n

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