{"id":23384,"date":"2016-01-21T00:54:03","date_gmt":"2016-01-20T16:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23384"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:49:18","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:49:18","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%9c%83%e5%be%8c%e5%a0%b1%e5%b0%8e%e3%80%91%e6%a2%b6%e7%94%b0%e9%9a%86%e7%ab%a0%e6%95%99%e6%8e%88%e4%b8%bb%e8%ac%9b%e3%80%8c%e5%a4%a7%e6%b0%a3%e5%b1%a4%e5%be%ae%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%90%e7%a0%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23384","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6703\u5f8c\u5831\u5c0e\u3011\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u8b1b\u300c\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u9707\u76ea\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23398\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_5260\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662 \u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b78\u7a0b \u535a\u58eb\u5019\u9078\u4eba \u9ec3\u58eb\u7098\uff0f\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662 \u7269\u7406\u6240\u66a8\u5316\u5b78\u6240 \u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1 \u7ae0\u70ba\u7693<\/p>\n<p>2015\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u9812\u7d66\u65e5\u672c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e9e\u745f\u00b7\u9ea5\u514b\u5510\u7d0d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5718\u968a\u9365\u800c\u4e0d\u6368\u7d42\u65bc\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u7684\u8b49\u5be6\u4e0d\u4f46\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5927\u6c23\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5931\u8e64\u7684\u61f8\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u63cf\u5beb\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u8ce6\u4e88\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u8207\u7d71\u5408\u96fb\u5f31\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u660e\u986f\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6210\u529f\u9810\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u96fb\u5f31\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u7684\u8b49\u5be6\u70ba\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u91cd\u6ce8\u6d3b\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u7fa9\u975e\u51e1\u3002\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388104\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\u61c9\u9080\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u5ef3\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6e90\u8d77:\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u548c\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u7684\u7375\u53d6:\u5f9e\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u73fe\u632f\u76ea\u6307\u7d0b\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u8aaa\u670d\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u596e\u9b25\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u505a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u8a08\u756b\u597d\u7684\u6309\u5716\u7d22\u9a65\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u795e\u5ca1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u8cea\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u8a71\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4eca\u6240\u8655\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u7531\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6490\u8d77\u4f86\u7684: \u5f37\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u529b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u8207\u91cd\u529b\u30021984\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u8868\u63da\u4e86\u96fb\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7cbe\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e0b\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u800c\u7522\u751f\u3002\u50b3\u905e\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u662f\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u50b3\u905e\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u662f W+\u3001W- \u548c Z0\u4e09\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u5149\u5b50\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u7c92\u5b50\u884c\u70ba\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u5927\u7d71\u4e00\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Grand Unified Theories,GUTs\uff09\u5728\u96fb\u5f31\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a66\u8457\u628a\u96fb\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u8207\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u5927\u81bd\u9810\u8a00\u7a31\u70baX\u53caY\u7684\u898f\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0cX\u53caY\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u5938\u514b\u548c\u8f15\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u91cd\u5b50\u6578\u4e0d\u518d\u5b88\u6046(\u8a3b:\u8cea\u5b50\u70ba\u91cd\u5b50\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u70ba\u8f15\u5b50)\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u5938\u514b\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u5982\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u81ea\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\u6210\u8f15\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u96fb\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8f49\u8b8a\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8cea\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a (Proton decay)\u300d\u3002 \u5f9e\u524d\u8ff0\u5927\u7d71\u4e00\u7406\u8ad6\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5938\u514b\u5f97\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u81f4\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f\u6bcf <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_8491596309430b5b8fea29ed947b10a4.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u9019\u6bd4\u5b87\u5b99\u5f9e\u5927\u9739\u9742\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5e74\u9f61 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_c7e4ba6c185268a56f762b2cbfd8b53e.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \u5e74\u8981\u9577\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u7531\u5938\u514b\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u89c0\u5bdf <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_e140e6e097edc89ccef52c3dcb046cbb.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u6b21\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u500b\u5c0b\u627e\u8cea\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u5be6\u9a57\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5c0f\u67f4\u660c\u4fca\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u5ca1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662fRaymond Davis Jr.\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u7f8e\u570bIMB(Irvine\u2013Michigan\u2013Brookhaven)\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u570b\u548c\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff0cFREJUS\u548cNUSEX\u3002\u8207IMB\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u5ca1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5718\u968a\u5229\u7528\u8207Hamamatsu\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u63d0\u5347\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u3002 \u795e\u5ca1\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ad816\u7c73\uff0c\u76f4\u5f9115.5\u7c73\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e09\u5343\u5678\uff0c\u5167\u542b\u4e00\u5343\u500b\u4e94\u5341\u516c\u5206\u5b54\u5f91\u7684\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u7684\u6c34\u69fd\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6291\u5236\u56e0\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u5f15\u8d77\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u503c\uff0c\u6c34\u69fd\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5728\u5c90\u961c\u7e23\u98db\u9a52\u5e02\u795e\u5ca1\u753a\u4e00\u5343\u516c\u5c3a\u6df1\u7684\u5ee2\u68c4\u7837\u7926\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ca9\u77f3\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u8a0a\u865f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8610\u842c\u500d\u3002\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u56681982\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u8a2d\uff0c1983\u5e74\u5efa\u6210\u3002\u800c1988\u5e74\u7684\u795e\u5ca1\u5be6\u9a57\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8cea\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u58fd\u547d\u5927\u65bc <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_635875d1ec7124447a8e0ae781fe21dd.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u795e\u5ca1\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u8d85\u5927\u6c34\u69fd\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u591a\u7684\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6070\u662f\u88dc\u7372\u4f5c\u7528\u622a\u9762\u8d85\u5c0f\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e4b\u795e\u5650(\u8a3b\u4e00) \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc?\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5927\u653e\u7570\u5f69\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u9084\u8a95\u751f\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5305\u5229(Wolfgang Ernst Pauli) \uff0c\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5b50\u7d93\u7531\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u6642\u8b8a\u6210\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u653e\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u91cb\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e2d\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u8870\u8b8a\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u7684\u9435\u5f8b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u8cbb\u7c73(Enrico Fermi)\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u4e26\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50(Neutrino)\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7576\u6642\u8cbb\u7c73\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u662f\u4f34\u96a8\u96fb\u5b50\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6e3a\u5b50\u548c\u6fe4\u5b50\u7b49\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u8f15\u5b50\u9678\u7e8c\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8207\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_edc29662ac783cb9a9295fca80feb02d.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u300c\u5473 (flavor) \u300d\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e5f\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\uff1a\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_a3c7e6900bda8cf29c2c35c3b25e3e03.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \uff09\u3001\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_eefe372523976ed57e71dd507a7d274c.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d0050-70\u5e74\u4ee3\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u6ce2\u703e\u58ef\u95ca\uff0c1956\u5e74\u53cd\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c1962\u5e74\u627e\u5230\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c1989\u8b49\u5be6\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u5473\u3002\u76f4\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u6210\u54e1-\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u624d\u8b49\u5be6\u88ab\u6355\u7372\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u967d\u662f\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u661f\u7403\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u5806\u4e2d\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6700\u597d\u62ff\u4f86\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u9054\u79d1\u4ed6\u5dde\u7926\u4e95\u4e2d\u7684Homestake\u5be6\u9a57\u9996\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e86\u592a\u967d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u7d04\u53ea\u6709\u6a19\u6e96\u592a\u967d\u6a21\u578b(\u8a3b\u4e8c)\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f55\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u592a\u967d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u5931\u8e64\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u8cbb\u7c73\u52a9\u624b\u7684\u7336\u592a\u88d4\u8607\u806f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6 Bruno Pontecorvo \u6700\u5148\u65bc1957\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u731c\u6e2c:\u7576\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u50b3\u64ad\u6642\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5e36\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u5473\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u9031\u671f\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u67d0\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u300c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u300d\u5b78\u8aaa (\u8a3b\u4e8c)\u3002\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8ddf\u96a8\u5c0f\u67f4\u660c\u4fca\u5c0b\u627e\u8cea\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5947\u602a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u4e2d\u6703\u7522\u751f \u03c0 \u4ecb\u5b50\uff0c\u518d\u5f9e \u03c0 \u4ecb\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u7522\u751f\u6e3a\u5b50\u548c\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6e3a\u5b50\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8870\u8b8a\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u53cd\u61c9\u904e\u7a0b(\u8a3b\u4e09) \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_a3c7e6900bda8cf29c2c35c3b25e3e03.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \uff09\u7684\u7522\u91cf\u61c9\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_edc29662ac783cb9a9295fca80feb02d.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c1988\u5e74\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388\u7576\u6642\u63a1\u7528\u4ee5\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u6578\u64da\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4ef6\u602a\u4e8b: \u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e0d\u8db3\u984d\u3002\u68b6\u7530\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8a66\u8005\u627e\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5426\u7531\u5206\u6790\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u5206\u6790\u8edf\u9ad4\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\u800c\u78ba\u7acb\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u771f\u5f97\u6709\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u6c23\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u53cd\u5e38\u300d\u3002\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u537b\u8b93\u68b6\u7530\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7d50\u8ad6:\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u662f\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6d41\u7684\u53cd\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u9707\u76ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u300d\u9a5a\u4eba\u4e4b\u8a9e\u5f15\u4f86\u7269\u7406\u540c\u5115\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8207\u5632\u8af7\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u520a\u5728<em>Physics Letters B<\/em>\u4e0a(\u8a3b\u4e94)\u3002 \u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u5728\u7f8e\u570bIMB\u5be6\u9a57\u770b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46FREJUS\u548cNUSEX\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1987\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5834\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5927\u9580\u3002\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u740316.8\u842c\u5149\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9ea5\u54f2\u502b\u96f2\u5167\u6709\u4e00\u9846\u6052\u661f\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fSN1987A\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u662f400\u5e74\u4f86\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u6700\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u3002\u795e\u5ca1\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u4e8611\u500b\u5b83\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0cIMB\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u4e868\u500b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u767c\u9700\u8981\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4f86\u9a45\u52d5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7ad9\u6355\u7372\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u96d6\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u767c\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6069\u5e2b\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u5ca1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5c0f\u67f4\u660c\u4fca\u56e0\u300c\u958b\u555f\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5148\u6cb3\uff0c\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u4f86\u81ea\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u300d\u8207Raymond Davis Jr.\u5171\u4eab\u4e862002\u5e74\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002\u795e\u5ca1\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e5f\u900f\u9732\u8457\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5f37\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u5100\u5668\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5347\u7d1a\u3002\u56e0\u70ba1987\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u767c\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u6539\u9032\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u3002\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u65bc1991\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\uff0c1996\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u539f\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u5713\u67f1\u5f62\u5bb9\u5668\u64f4\u589e\u70ba\u9ad841\u7c73\u3001\u76f4\u5f9139\u7c73\uff0c\u66f4\u7528\u4e865\u842c\u5678\u7d14\u6de8\u6c34\uff0c\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u70ba13000\u500b\u3002\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u8207\u524d\u4ee3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b6220\u500d\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u6e2c\u91cf\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u4e1f\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6578\u64da\u986f\u793a\u5b83\u7684\u4e1f\u5931\u6bd4\u4f8b\u96a8\u98db\u884c\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63a2\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5076\u723e\u6703\u8207\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u767c\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\u800c\u7559\u4e0b\u8e64\u8de1\u3002\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u7269\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u6e3a\u5b50\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6703\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6e3a\u5b50\u3002\u9ad8\u80fd\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u98db\u884c\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u904e\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5149\u901f\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5982\u540c\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u5674\u5c04\u6a5f\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u79fb\u52d5\u6703\u7522\u751f\u300c\u97f3\u7206\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u5951\u5fcd\u53ef\u592b\u5149\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5230\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5951\u5fcd\u53ef\u592b\u5149\u767c\u5c04\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8207\u7c92\u5b50\u524d\u9032\u65b9\u5411\u5448\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u593e\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u6703\u5728\u5176\u524d\u9032\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u74b0\u3002\u8f03\u91cd\u7684\u6e3a\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u908a\u7de3\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u74b0\uff0c\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u53d7\u5468\u570d\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u908a\u7de3\u6563\u4e82\u7684\u74b0\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u80fd\u5f9e\u5716\u8b5c\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6291\u6216\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1994\u5e74\uff0c\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u8207\u5176\u5927\u5e2b\u5144\u6236\u585a\u6d0b\u4e8c\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8457\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\u5c0d\u5929\u9802\u89d2(Zenith angle)\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u6027\uff0c\u57281998\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u8207\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5167\u90e8\u79fb\u52d5\u8ddd\u96e2\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u662f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u7684\u6307\u7d0b\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6253\u5728\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u5206\u6210\u56db\u985e\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Fully contained, FC\uff09\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f91\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7686\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5167\u5c64\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08partially contained, PC\uff09\u5247\u662f\u6709\u8def\u5f91\u5f9e\u5167\u5c64\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u4e2d\u6f0f\u51fa\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff1b\u6e3a\u5b50\u5411\u4e0a\u8cab\u901a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Upward through-going muons, UTM\uff09\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u5e95\u90e8\u5ca9\u5c64\uff0c\u4e26\u5411\u4e0a\u8cab\u7a7f\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u6e3a\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\uff1b\u6e3a\u5b50\u5411\u4e0a\u505c\u6b62\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Upward stopping muons, USM\uff09\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5ca9\u5c64\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8def\u5f91\u505c\u6b62\u65bc\u5167\u5c64\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6e3a\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\u914d\u5408\u5929\u9802\u89d2\u6821\u6b63\u5f8c\uff0c\u904e\u6ffe\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6216\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u4e0a\u884c\u4e8b\u4ef6(Upper going events)\u8207\u4e0b\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6(Down going events)\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u7d04\u70ba0.93\u548c0.54\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u56e0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u884c\u6578\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\u6975\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e0a\u884c(\u98db\u884c\u8ddd\u96e2\u8f03\u9060)\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u537b\u53ea\u6709\u4e0b\u884c(\u98db\u884c\u8ddd\u96e2\u8f03\u8fd1)\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u68b6\u7530-\u6236\u585a\u5718\u968a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u4e0b\u884c\u8a0a\u865f\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6703\u56e0\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u9707\u76ea\u800c\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u8aaa\u660e\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u5f9e\u5b87\u5b99\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u300c\u5473\u300d\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u300d\u7684\u7522\u751f\u6709\u4e86\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002\u9019\u500b\u985b\u8986\u4ee5\u5f80\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8b93\u5e2b\u5144\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u8a8d\u70ba\u89d2\u9010\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u4eba\u9078\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f2008\u5e74\u6236\u585a\u6559\u6388\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u8178\u764c\u904e\u4e16\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u5171\u4eab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6842\u51a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4e4b\u63d0\u5347\u3002 1998\u5e74\u4e0a\u884c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u6578\u662f139\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u57282015\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u589e\u52a0\u81f35485\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u66f4\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d1998\u5929\u9802\u89d2\u89d2\u76f8\u4f9d\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u76ea\u6307\u7d0b\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u524d\u7121\u6cd5\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u53ef\u7cbe\u78ba\u91cf\u5f97\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5473\u8207\u5473\u7684\u6df7\u6210\u53c3\u6578\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8a1d\u7570\u7684\u662f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5473\u8207\u5473\u7684\u6df7\u6210\u8207\u4e0d\u540c\u8272\u7684\u5938\u514b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6df7\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6f14\u8b1b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53f0\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u718a\u6021\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u5230\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u57282001\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u8b93\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e8b - \u4e00\u500b\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u5728\u7dad\u4fee\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u662f\u96fb\u771f\u7a7a\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u7834\u58de\u5f8c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u9707\u6ce2(shockwave)\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8\u9130\u76846600\u591a\u500b\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u76f8\u7e7c\u7206\u88c2\u3002\u4f46\u96a8\u5373\u5728\u6236\u585a\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5805\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u884c\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u555f\u52d5\u4e86\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1II\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u57282006\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u500b\u6574\u5408\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u6e2c\u91cf\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u9707\u76ea\u5be6\u9a57\uff08KEK to Kamioka, K2K\uff09\u7684\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u5347\u7d1a\u5f8c\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1IV\u4e5f\u662f\u9996\u500b\u5f9e\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u675f\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff08Tokai to Kamioka ,T2K\uff09\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7684\u632f\u76ea\u9700\u8981\u516d\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u592a\u967d\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u8207\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u500b\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u672a\u77e5\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u89d2 <span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/latex\/cache\/tex_8620c3d2be0f8d816cc4bc898ac929ab.gif' style='vertical-align: middle; border: none; padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt=\"\" \/><\/span><script type='math\/tex'><\/script> \uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662fCP\u7834\u58de\u76f8\u89d2\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u6d88\u5931\u4e4b\u8b0e\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6b63\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u3002\u7136\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u632f\u8569\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u767e\u842c\u5678\u7d1a\u8d85\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u7684\u5347\u7d1a\u7248- Hyper-Kamiokande\u3002\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u8a8d\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u5929\u6027\u548c\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u969b\u9047\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u57fa\u790e\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u68b6\u7530\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5c0d\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u555f\u793a\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u8ca2\u737b\u8d85\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u9760\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u71b1\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8a3b\u4e00: \u8cea\u5b50\u6355\u6349\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e2d\u5b50\u53ca\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u53ef\u7531\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u8377\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u5951\u5fcd\u53ef\u592b\u8f3b\u5c04\u800c\u88ab\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u3002<br \/>\n\u8a3b\u4e8c: Pontecorvo\u65bc1993 \u5e74 9 \u6708 24 \u65e5\u901d\u4e16<br \/>\n\u8a3b\u4e09: \u592a\u967d\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u70baHans Bethe\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003<br \/>\n\u8a3b\u56db: \u6797\u8cb4\u6797\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7c21\u4ecb\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u96d9\u6708\u520a\uff08\u5eff\u56db\u5377\u56db\u671f\uff092002 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u3002<br \/>\n\u8a3b\u4e94: K. Hirata et al, Phys.Lett.B 205 (1988) 416<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><a style=\"color: #298700;\" href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u8b1b\u300c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5075\u6e2c-The KAGRA Project\u300d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0\u6559<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":26128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1027,3293,39,1042],"tags":[2136,2310,611,2317,880,203],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/IMG_5260-1024x682-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23384"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32437,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23384\/revisions\/32437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}