{"id":23250,"date":"2015-12-15T13:39:58","date_gmt":"2015-12-15T05:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23250"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:38:19","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:38:19","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a214-6%e3%80%91%e9%bb%91%e6%b4%9e%e8%88%87%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%b8%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e9%9c%8d%e4%ba%ac%e8%bc%bb%e5%b0%84%e5%88%b0%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%bb%e6%82%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23250","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2214-6\u3011\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff1a\u5f9e\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u5230\u706b\u58bb\u6096\u8ad6"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"photo:www.nature.com
photo:www.nature.com Victor De Schwanberg\/SPL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u5317\u6b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240(NORDITA) \u738b\u5143\u541b\u7814\u7a76\u54e1
\n\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u856d\u7dad\u7ff0<\/p>\n

21\u4e16\u7d00\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b10\u5e74\u696d\u5df2\u98db\u901d\uff0c\u767e\u5bb6\u722d\u9cf4\u7684\u6b72\u6708\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5c0d20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6458\u8981\u8ad6\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5f88\u96e3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u5b78\u9580\u5206\u652f\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6 ; \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u9bae\u5c11\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6703\u5426\u5b9a\u300c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5169\u5927\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u300d\u6b64\u4e00\u8072\u660e\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b83\u7684\u65b7\u53e5\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u4e5f\u80fd\u81c6\u6e2c\u6b64\u4e8c\u67b6\u69cb\u4e26\u975e\u76f8\u8655\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u878d\u6d3d\uff0c\u8a2d\u60f3\u82e5\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u767e\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u8b93\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8ae7\u5171\u4e8b\u7684\u7406\u8def\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6b64\u8072\u660e\u5927\u6982\u6703\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u300c\u67d0\u67d0\u7406\u8ad6\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u300d\u4e00\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u65e5\u751a\u5c11\u7279\u5730\u5340\u5206\u300c\u96fb\u5b78\u8207\u78c1\u5b78\u300d\u800c\u5e38\u7a31\u547c\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u4e2d\u8449\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5e7e\u4e4e\u96c6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5fc3\u529b\u5728\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u806f\u59fb\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u8fc4\u4eca\u6700\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u72f9\u7fa9\u8868\u89aa\uff0c\u537b\u9072\u9072\u672a\u898b\u660e\u6717\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u5373\u8457\u529b\u65bc1970\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u5b78\u8005\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u5373\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7d44\u614b\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6240\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6096\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6642\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u59a5\u5584\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6642\u7a7a\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u5ea6\u898f\u5f35\u91cf(metric tensor)\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d04\u7565\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7d66\u5b9a\u4e86\u5ea6\u898f\u4fbf\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6e2c\u5730\u7dda\u65b9\u7a0b(geodesic equation)\u63cf\u8ff0\u7c92\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u5ea6\u898f\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u6642\u7a7a\u66f2\u7387(curvature)\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u5247\u900f\u904e\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65b9\u7a0b(Einstein field equation)\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u60e0\u52d2(J. Wheeler)\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6642\u7a7a\u544a\u8a34\u7269\u8cea\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u544a\u8a34\u6642\u7a7a\u5982\u4f55\u5f4e\u66f2\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u91d0\u6e05\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5ea6\u898f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9078\u5b9a\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u7403\u5750\u6a19\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u300c\u9577\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7136\u6642\u7a7a\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u66f2\u7387\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5167\u7a1f\u7684(intrinsic)\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u4e26\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5ea6\u898f\u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u9ede\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5957\u7528\u820a\u6709\u6846\u67b6\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u5f14\u8a6d\u4e4b\u8655\uff1a\u539f\u6709\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u5148\u5177\u5099\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u5834\u5728\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5834\u5373\u662f\u6642\u7a7a\u672c\u8eab ; \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u662f\u627e\u597d\u4e86\u7403\u5834\uff0c\u518d\u7d04\u7403\u54e1\u5011\u4f86\u6253\u7403\uff0c\u7576\u7403\u5834\u5730\u677f\u4e5f\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u7403\u6642\uff0c\u4e4d\u807d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u53e4\u5178\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u30021915\u5e74\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u51fa\u5834\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53f2\u74e6\u897f(K. Schwarzschild)\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u63d0\u51fa\u4eca\u65e5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u53f2\u74e6\u897f\u5ea6\u898f(Schwarzschild metric)\uff0c\u6b64\u5ea6\u898f\u662f\u539f\u9ede\u4ee5\u5916\u771f\u7a7a\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u975c\u7d44\u614b\u89e3\u3002\"schwarzschildmetric\"<\/p>\n

\u89c0\u5bdf\u6b64\u51fd\u6578\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u5728 r = 0 \u8207 r = rs \u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u59a5\u5584\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8ffd\u53ca\u524d\u6bb5\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5ea6\u898f\u7684\u5947\u7570\u9ede( singularity)\u53ef\u80fd\u8087\u56e0\u65bc\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u66f2\u7387\u8207\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5750\u6a19\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d50\u8ad6\u53ea\u6709 r = 0 \u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5947\u7570\u9ede ; r = rs \u975e\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u6563\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u539f\u9ede\u5834\u6e90\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u8a72\u8655\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0b\u589c\u81f3\u6b64\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7570\u72c0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8a72\u9ede\u4f9d\u820a\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u63cf\u7e6a\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5149\u9310\u300d\uff0c\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u7387\u5c0f\u65bc\u5149\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u6642\u7a7a\u8ecc\u8de1\u4fbf\u50c5\u80fd\u88ab\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u5149\u9310\u4e4b\u5167\u3002\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u7559\u5fc3\u53bb\u63cf\u7e6a r = rs \u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5149\u5f91\uff0c\u5c07\u767c\u73fe r < rs \u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u5149\u9310\u90fd\u662f\u671d\u5167\u7684\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff1a\u589c\u5165\u6b64\u5340\u57df\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u7d42\u5c07\u6301\u7e8c\u843d\u5411 r = 0 \uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u812b\u96e2 ; \u5373\u4fbf\u7121\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u80fd\u6cbf\u8457\u5149\u9310\u884c\u9032\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u591a\u80fd\u6cbf\u8457\u908a\u754c\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7121\u529b\u596a\u9580\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7d44\u614b\uff0crs\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8996\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u8a0e\u8ad6\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u524d\u8a00\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u91cd\u529b\u4e4d\u807d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u89c0\u3002\u4e5f\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u8fc4\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6 ; \u662f\u4ee5\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u662f\u5c07\u5728\u5e73\u76f4\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\uff08\u5982\u4ecb\u5b50\u5834\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5099\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u5ea6\u898f\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u66f2\u7dda\u5750\u6a19\u69cb\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6696\u8eab\u7fd2\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8003\u616e\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u9078\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5750\u6a19\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5169\u5750\u6a19\u9593\u5206\u5225\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5834\u8ad6\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u4eba\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5f97\u5230\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u975c\u6b62\u8005\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\u5728\u7b49\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u5145\u6eff\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7c92\u5b50\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u71b1\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u8a72\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u6b64\u6548\u61c9\u7a31\u70ba\u76ce\u9b6f\u6548\u61c9(Unruh Effect)\u3002\u5728\u8a8d\u8b58\u6b64\u6548\u61c9\u5f8c\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u74e6\u897f\u5ea6\u898f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8f3b\u5c04\u51fa\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u983b\u8b5c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u4e00\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6b64\u6548\u61c9\u7a31\u70ba\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04(Hawking Radiation)\uff0c\u8a72\u6eab\u5ea6\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u970d\u4eac\u6eab\u5ea6(Hawking temperature)<\/p>\n

\"hawking\u4e26\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u8f3b\u5c04\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7d42\u5c07\u63ee\u767c\u4e26\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8af8\u845b\uff0c\u5f9e\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8c\u6548\u61c9\u4e26\u975e\u771f\u7684\u9a5a\u4e16\u99ed\u4fd7\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u5141\u8a31\u7c92\u5b50\u5f9e\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5916\u52a0\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6e6e\u6ec5\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u8b93\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u6e2c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u5916\u52a0\u5f37\u96fb\u5834\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u5728\u96fb\u5834\u8db3\u5920\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u8870\u8b8a\u6210\u5177\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6b64\u6548\u61c9\u7a31\u70ba\u65bd\u6eab\u683c\u6548\u61c9(Schwinger Effect )\u3002\u4ee5\u8f03\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u7aae\u9060\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u82e5\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u9593\u67d0\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u6211\u5011\u6253\u958b\u5916\u52a0\u7684\u96fb\u5834\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u3002\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u96a8\u8457\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u5728\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u7121\u7aae\u9060\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u9593\uff0c\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u584c\u9677\u7b49\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u64fe\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u7121\u7aae\u9060\u672a\u4f86\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u771f\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u773c\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u91cf\u6e2c\u5230\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u7576\u7136\u524d\u63ed\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53ea\u662f\u8eb2\u5728\u4ee3\u6578\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u59a5\u5584\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\u7c92\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u6b63\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u5c0d\u56e0\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u64fe\u52d5\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8005\u9042\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8005\u5247\u5f80\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u884c\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u56f0\u64fe\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u82e5\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u7d14\u614b(pure state)\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u5f62\u6210\u71b1\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u8655\u65bc\u6df7\u614b(mixed state)\u73fe\u6709\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u614b\u900f\u904e\u4e48\u6b63\u7b97\u5b50(unitary operator)\u9032\u884c\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u5c07\u70ba\u7d14\u614b\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u6709\u53cd\u63a8\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u5316\u89e3\u6790\u539f\u4f86\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u82e5\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u6700\u5f8c\u771f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6df7\u614b\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u610f\u6307\u5728\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u55aa\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u5373\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u55aa\u5931\u6096\u8ad6( information loss paradox )\u3002\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7576\u5c6c\u970d\u4eac\u3001\u7d22\u6069(K. Thorne)\u548c J. Preskill \u7684\u8ced\u7d04\uff1a\u82e5\u5c07\u4e00\u672c\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u64f2\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u91cd\u5efa\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5462\uff1f\u73fe\u4ee3\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u898f\u7bc4-\u91cd\u529b\u300d\u5c0d\u5076(gauge\/gravity duality)\uff0c\u6b64\u5c0d\u5076\u6027\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u610f\u6db5\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4e48\u6b63\u6027\u7684(unitarity)\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6b64\u985e\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d14\u614b\u7d93\u6b77\u6f14\u5316\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u7d14\u614b\uff0c\u82e5\u6b64\u5c0d\u5076\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u56b4\u683c\u70ba\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u89e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4e1f\u5931\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e26\u672a\u56e0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u800c\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u63d0\u53d6\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u76ee\u524d\u8f03\u70ba\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f D. Page \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\uff0c\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u53ef\u5e36\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97 Page \u4e5f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\u5c3a\u5ea6 Page time\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u9593\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7cfe\u7e8f\u71b5\uff08entanglement entropy\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u91cf\u8aaa\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7cfe\u7e8f\u71b5\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e5f\u5728\u5f8c\u534a\u6bb5\u88ab\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

2004\u5e74\u970d\u4eac\u8868\u793a\u7d93\u904e\u65b0\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6c92\u6709\u55aa\u5931\u5728\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u8ced\u7d04\u81f4\u8d08Preskill\u4e00\u5957\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6230\u722d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u5043\u5175\u606f\u7532\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cA. Almheiri\u3001D. Marolf\u3001J. Polchinski \u548c J. Sully\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u5920\u8001\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e (1) \u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u4e0d\u55aa\u5931\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c(2) \u9060\u8655\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u6240\u8655\u7684\u6f38\u9032\u5e73\u76f4\u6642\u7a7a\u53ef\u5b9a\u7fa9\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u7406\uff0c(3) \u843d\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u5728\u8996\u754c\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7570\u72c0\uff08no drama\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e09\u8ad6\u8ff0\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8ac7\uff0c\u82e5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6c92\u6709\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u5247 Page \u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u8981\u6c42 Page time \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u8ddf\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u4e0b\u589c\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7570\u72c0\uff0c\u5247\u8981\u6c42\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8207\u6389\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u985e\u7cfe\u7e8f\u6703\u9055\u53cd\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u4e2d\u7cfe\u7e8f\u71b5\u7e3d\u548c\u7684\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u8a72\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f9e (1) \u8207 (2) \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u91cd\u529b\u85cd\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u589c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u5750\u6a19\u7cfb\u4ed6\u6240\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u5c07\u662f\u6975\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u706b\u7246\uff08 firewall \uff09\u3002 AMPS \u662f\u4ee5\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u82e5\u706b\u7246\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5247 no drama \u88ab\u9055\u80cc\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\u300c\u7b49\u6548\u539f\u7406\u300d(equivalence principle)\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230 ; \u82e5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u706b\u7246\uff0c\u5247\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d42\u7a76\u5728\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e2d\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u9805\u90fd\u5c07\u5c0d\u73fe\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9020\u6210\u9707\u64bc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fc4\u4eca\u95dc\u65bc\u706b\u7246\u6301\u7e8c\u6709\u5b78\u8aaa\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u4e00\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u63ee\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6703\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6b98\u9ab8\u4e4b\u4e2d ; \u8272\u65af\u91d1( L. Susskind)\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u8b02 ER = EPR \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5927\u610f\u70ba\u6389\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5167\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u88ab\u8f3b\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u87f2\u6d1e\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u53bb\u898f\u907f\u5c0e\u81f4\u706b\u7246\u7684\u71b5\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f ; \u4ea6\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u5982\u8cc0\u57f9\u9298\u6559\u6388\u5f9e\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u584c\u7e2e\u6210\u9ed1\u6d1e\u524d\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u884c\u8f3b\u5c04\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u85cd\u79fb\u983b\u7387\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u706b\u7246\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u554f\u4e16\u4ea6\u5df240\u5e74\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u8fd1\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5f9e\u7591\u60d1\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e26\u975e\u7d14\u9ed1\u3001\u5230\u64d4\u5fc3\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6e6e\u6ec5\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u9707\u61fe\u65bc\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u4f46\u767c\u5149\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e00\u9053\u706b\u7246\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u50c5\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u99b4\u670d\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u9810\u671f\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u985b\u8986\u60f3\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. Zee, Einstein\u2019s Relativity in a Nutshell
\n2. Carroll, Spacetime and Geometry - An Introduction to General Relativity
\n3. Wald, Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics
\n4. Mathur, The Information Paradox, A Pedagogical Introduction
\n5. D. Page, Time Dependence of Hawking Radiation Entropy
\n6. Almheiri, D. Marolf, J. Polchinski, and J. Sully, Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?
\n7. L. Susskind, ER=EPR, GHZ, and the Consistency of Quantum Measurements
\n8. P. M. Ho, Comment on Self-Consistent Model of Black Hole Formation and Evaporation<\/p>\n

--<\/strong>
\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a104\/12\/5\u7531\u738b\u5143\u541b\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff1a\u5f9e\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u5230\u706b\u58bb\u6096\u8ad6<\/a>\u300d\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c\u5317\u6b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240(NORDIT<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":23254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,2093],"tags":[2247,2107,107,2230,2115,313,2229,2279],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/www.nature.com1_.16131.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23250"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23250"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32415,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23250\/revisions\/32415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}