{"id":23111,"date":"2015-11-30T00:16:54","date_gmt":"2015-11-29T16:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23111"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:25:26","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:25:26","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a214%e3%80%91%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e7%9a%84%e7%a7%98%e5%af%86%e5%b0%b1%e5%9c%a8%e6%9a%97%e5%a4%9c%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%ad-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=23111","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2214\u3011\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u5c31\u5728\u6697\u591c\u4e4b\u4e2d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23101\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"9005192728_0c0192aabd_o\" width=\"650\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o-600x375.jpg 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o-800x500.jpg 800w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9005192728_0c0192aabd_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff5c<\/strong>\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5929\u6587\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u5f35\u6148\u9326\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u54e1<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u738b\u58eb\u8c6a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u70ba\u4f55\u591c\u665a\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u662f\u9ed1\u7684\uff1f\u300d\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u60f3\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u967d\u4e0b\u5c71\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u6eff\u5929\u7684\u661f\u6597\u7121\u6cd5\u7167\u4eae\u591c\u665a\u5982\u767d\u5929\u5462\uff1f\u60f3\u50cf\u5982\u679c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5ee3\u5927\u7121\u9650\u4e14\u975c\u6b62\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u6578\u661f\u661f\u5747\u52fb\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u7403\u7684\u9060\u8fd1\u50cf\u6d0b\u8525\u822c\u5c07\u7a7a\u9593\u5206\u6210\u5c64\u5c64\u7684\u8584\u7403\u6bbc\uff0c\u5247\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u4e2d\u7684\u6046\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u6703\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u7403\u6bbc\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d(\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5e73\u65b9)\uff0c\u800c\u6046\u661f\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u8ddd\u96e2\u8d8a\u9060\u5c31\u8d8a\u6697(\u53cd\u6bd4\u65bc\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5e73\u65b9)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6bcf\u5c64\u7403\u6bbc\u7684\u7e3d\u4eae\u5ea6(\u6046\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9846\u6046\u661f\u4eae\u5ea6)\u5c07\u70ba\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8ddd\u96e2\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7403\u6bbc\u548c\u6975\u9059\u9060\u7684\u7403\u6bbc\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u7576\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7403\u6bbc\u52a0\u7e3d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7121\u9650\u5927\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\uff0c\u661f\u7a7a\u6703\u6bd4\u592a\u967d\u9084\u4eae! \u6240\u5e78\u771f\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5730\u7403\u65e9\u88ab\u70e4\u719f\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u554f\u984c\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u770b\u4f3c\u5e7c\u7a1a\u800c\u5be6\u5247\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5373\u662f1826\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u6b50\u4f2f\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6b50\u4f2f\u65af\u4f6f\u8b2c(Olbers'paradox\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u591c\u9ed1\u4f6f\u8b2c)\uff0c\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7d00\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u627e\u5230\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u25cf\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u81a8\u8139\uff1a\u5927\u9739\u9742\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong><br \/>\n\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65bc1915\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u8de8\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c07\u91cd\u529b\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\u6210\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u5f4e\u66f2\uff1a\u7269\u8cea(\u5373\u80fd\u91cf)\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6703\u626d\u66f2\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7269\u8cea\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u30021922\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc(Alexander Friedmann)\u548c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u517c\u795e\u7236\u7684\u52d2\u6885\u7279(Georges Lema\u00eetre)\u7b49\u4eba\u5148\u5f8c\u5c07\u5ee3\u76f8\u61c9\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99(\u91cd\u529b\u662f\u9019\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528)\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8cea\u80fd\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u5747\u8cea\u4e14\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\u7684(\u5927\u81f4\u7b26\u5408\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c)\uff0c\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u5c0f\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6703\u81a8\u8139\u6216\u6536\u7e2e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\u975c\u614b\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7dad\u6301\u975c\u6b62\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u3002\u76f4\u52301929\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u54c8\u4f2f(Edwin Hubble)\u89c0\u6e2c\u767c\u73fe\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u5149\u8b5c\u666e\u904d\u90fd\u5411\u4f4e\u983b\u7387\u504f\u79fb(\u7d05\u79fb\uff0credshift)\uff0c\u8207\u6b63\u5728\u96e2\u5730\u7403\u9060\u53bb\u7522\u751f\u7684\u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4e14\u8ddd\u96e2\u548c\u9060\u96e2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4(\u54c8\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b)\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u5747\u52fb\u81a8\u8139\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5f97\u77e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u627f\u8a8d\u5f15\u5165\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u611a\u8822\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c0\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c07\u6642\u9593\u56de\u63a8\uff0c\u5247\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u5275\u59cb\u4e4b\u521d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6bd4\u73fe\u5728\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u3001\u64e0\u7684\u591a\u3001\u71b1\u7684\u591a\uff1b\u5b87\u5b99\u5f9e\u9ad8\u6eab\u7dfb\u5bc6\u7684\u706b\u7403\u4e2d\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u5927\u9739\u9742\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u3002\u8b93\u5927\u9739\u9742\u8ad6\u5f97\u4ee5\u78ba\u7acb\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u65e5\u5b87\u5b99\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u592a\u521d\u6838\u5408\u6210(big bang nucleosynthesis)\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u9739\u9742\u8ad6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u65e9\u671f\u67d0\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u6eab\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5230\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6838\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5c07\u6c2b\u5408\u6210\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u6c18\u3001\u6c1a(\u5169\u8005\u7686\u70ba\u6c2b\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20)\u3001 \u6c26\u3001\u92f0\u3001\u9239\u7b49\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u81ea\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04(Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB)\uff1a1965\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5f6d\u9f4a\u4e9e\u65af(Arno Penzias)\u548c\u5a01\u723e\u68ee(Robert Wilson)\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u5929\u7a7a\u5404\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u6709\u5fae\u6ce2\u8f3b\u5c04\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u6a192.725\u5ea6\uff0c\u8207\u592a\u521d\u706b\u7403\u7684\u9ed1\u9ad4\u8f3b\u5c04\u51b7\u537b\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5e74\u9f61\u53ea\u670938\u842c\u5e74\u6642\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u5149\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7d04\u67091%\u7684\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u8996\u96dc\u8a0a\u4f86\u81ea\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04(\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u983b\u9053!)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u25cf\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u975e\u5747\u5411\u6027\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5065\u6aa2\u8868<\/strong><br \/>\n1992\u5e74COBE\u885b\u661f(COsmic Background Explorer)\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u5927\u6982\u5341\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u5dee\u7570(\u975e\u5747\u5411\u6027\uff0canisotropy)\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7684WMAP\u885b\u661f(2003\u5e74)\u548cPlanck\u885b\u661f(2013\u5e74)\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\u7684\u5168\u5929\u6eab\u5ea6\u975e\u5747\u5411\u6027\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u6975\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u51b7\u71b1\u5dee\u5c0d\u61c9\u7576\u6642\u5b87\u5b99\u7269\u8cea\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u5fae\u5c0f\u4e0d\u5747\u52fb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u96a8\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u8139\u56e0\u91cd\u529b\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528(gravitational instability)\u800c\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7a0d\u5fae\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5438\u5f15\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u8f03\u4f4e\u8005\u5247\u8d8a\u8b8a\u8d8a\u7a7a\u66e0\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4eca\u65e5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u548c\u661f\u7cfb\u5718\u7b49\u7d50\u69cb\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5747\u5411\u6027\u5206\u5e03\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5e74\u9f61(\u7d04137\u5104\u5e74)\u3001\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5927\u5c0f(\u7d04466\u5104\u5149\u5e74)\u3001\u5e7e\u4f55\u5f62\u72c0(\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5e73\u5766)\u3001\u7d44\u6210\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u25cf\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u81a8\u8139\uff1a\u6697\u80fd\u91cf<\/strong><br 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