{"id":22771,"date":"2015-10-27T11:06:59","date_gmt":"2015-10-27T03:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22771"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:14:19","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:14:19","slug":"%e3%80%902015%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%94%9f%e9%86%ab%e7%8d%8e%e3%80%91%e9%98%bf%e5%bc%97%e9%ba%a5%e5%85%8b%e7%b4%a0%e5%8f%8a%e9%9d%92%e8%92%bf%e7%b4%a0-%e5%b0%8d%e6%8a%97%e5%af%84%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22771","title":{"rendered":"\u30102015\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u91ab\u734e\u3011\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u53ca\u9752\u84bf\u7d20-\u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"2015\"\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u81fa\u5927\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u8303\u59dc\u6587\u69ae\u7de8\u8b6f
\n\u8cac\u7de8\uff5c<\/strong>\u5e2b\u5927\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u674e\u51a0\u7fa4\u526f\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n

2015\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u6842\u51a0\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u5171\u540c\u9812\u7d66\u574e\u8c9d\u723e (William C. Campbell)\u535a\u58eb\u8207\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388(Satoshi \u014cmura)\uff0c\u56e0\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-\u7dda\u87f2(roundworm)\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u795e\u5947\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u9812\u7d66\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u6297\u7627\u75be\u795e\u5947\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u9577\u671f\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u8499\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u5065\u5eb7\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7(River Blindness)\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5931\u660e\u3002\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5(Lymphatic Filariasis)\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u6162\u6027\u816b\u8139\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u751f\u5916\u8868\u96e3\u770b\u53ca\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5982\u8c61\u76ae\u75c5(Elephantiasis)\u8207\u9670\u56ca\u7a4d\u6c34(Scrotal Hydrocele)\u3002\u7627\u75be\u7684\u75c5\u6e90\u9ad4\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-\u7627\u539f\u87f2(Plasmodium)\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u7627\u868a\u53ee\u54ac\u800c\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c -\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u6703\u5165\u4fb5\u7d05\u8840\u7403\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u767c\u71d2\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8166\u90e8\u767c\u708e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u4ee5\u5357\u5340\u57df\u3001\u5357\u4e9e\u6d32\u3001\u53ca\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5c0d\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u985e\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u963b\u7919\u30022015\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u91ab\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u4e9b\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u5f9e\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u5177\u986f\u8457\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269-\u93c8\u7d72\u83cc\u65b0\u54c1\u7cfbStreptomyces avermitilis\u3002\u574e\u8c9d\u723e\u535a\u58eb\u5247\u8b49\u5be6\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u6240\u57f9\u990a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5177\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u8a72\u6709\u6548\u7269\u8cea-\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Avermectin)\u300d\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u5bb6\u755c\u6216\u8fb2\u5834\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Avermectin)\u300d\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Ivermectin)\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u6d88\u6ec5\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u8207\u6dcb\u5df4\u6027\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6cbb\u7642\u85e5\u7269\u3002\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u6559\u6388\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u7627\u75be\uff0c\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3\u50b3\u7d71\u85e5\u8349\u91ab\u5b78\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\u63a2\u5c0b\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u690d\u7269-\u9ec3\u82b1\u84bf(Artemisia annua)\u8403\u53d6\u7269\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u751f\u9577\uff1b\u4e26\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u529b\u6297\u7627\u75be\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea-\u9752\u84bf\u7d20(Artemisinin)\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u7d44\u5408\u6cbb\u7642(drug combination therapy)\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u7627\u75be\u767c\u751f\u7387\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u751f\u547d\u3002\u574e\u8c9d\u723e\u3001\u5927\u6751\u667a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ca\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u8207\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2 - \u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u8207\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81f4\u547d\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u793e\u7fa4\u9577\u671f\u5c0b\u627e\u80fd\u6230\u52dd\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u65b0\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Gerhard Domagk\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u78fa\u91af\u80fa(sulfonamides)\u800c\u7372\u5f971939\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff1bAlexander Fleming\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20(penicillin)\u3001Ernst Chain\u8207Howard Flory\u56e0\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u4e26\u8b49\u660e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5c0d\u6297\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f971945\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002Selman Waksman\u81ea\u571f\u58e4\u5206\u96e2\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc(Streptomyces)\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u767c\u73fe\u80fd\u5c0d\u6297\u7d50\u6838\u75c5(tuberculosis)\u7684\u93c8\u9ef4\u7d20(streptomycin)\uff0c\u7372\u5f971952\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u65b0\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75c5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u537b\u9032\u5c55\u6709\u9650\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u6216\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u66a8\u5b89\u5168\u53c8\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e14\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u75be\u75c5\u5982\u7627\u75be\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u85e5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u53ca\u6297\u85e5\u6027\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6975\u529b\u5617\u8a66\u53bb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u6548\u679c\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76f4\u52302015\u5e74\u4e09\u4f4d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u624d\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2(parasites)\u662f\u6307\u68f2\u606f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff0chost\uff09\u9ad4\u5167\u6216\u9ad4\u8868\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u3002\u5bbf\u4e3b\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7372\u53d6\u990a\u5206\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5bbf\u4e3b\u51fa\u73fe\u6162\u6027\u6216\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6709\u4e09\u985e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6703\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5f15\u767c\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u751f\u52d5\u7269(protozoa)\u3001\u8815\u87f2(helminthes)\u548c\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2(ectoparasites)\u3002\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4ee4\u4eba\u985e\u906d\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4e26\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u5065\u5eb7\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7279\u5225\u5bb9\u6613\u5f71\u97ff\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6539\u5584\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u798f\u7949\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u7919(\u57161)\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e5f\u653b\u64ca\u5bb6\u755c\u8207\u5bb6\u79bd\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u984d\u5916\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u53d7\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u6578\u76f8\u7576\u9a5a\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u6578\u5104\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u6210\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\"66066_p01\"<\/p>\n

\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u7684\u767c\u73fe : \u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8178\u7dda\u87f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u8d85\u904e10\u5104\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u591a\u7a2e\u7684\u8178\u7dda\u87f2(Intestinal Nematodes)\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u963b\u7919\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8ca7\u6c11\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u6f20\u8996\u793e\u5340\u8207\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8178\u7dda\u87f2\uff0c\u5982\u86d4\u87f2(ascaris)\u3001\u8178\u87f2(ancylostoma)\u3001\u97ad\u87f2(trichiuria)\u3001\u7d72\u72c0\u87f2(filaria)\u3001\u87e0\u5c3e\u7d72\u87f2(onchocerca)\u3001\u8178\u64ec\u5713\u87f2(strongyloides)\u3001\u53ca\u7f85\u963f\u7d72\u72c0\u87f2(loa loa)\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7dda\u87f2(roundworms)\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u5f9e1 mm\u81f3\u6210\u719f\u6642\u6578\u516c\u5206\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u8907\u96dc\u4e14\u5dee\u7570\u5927\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7dda\u87f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u50b3\u64ad\u81f3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u9593\u5bbf\u4e3b(intermittent host)\u4f86\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u56e0\u8815\u87f2(helminth parasites)\u5927\u591a\u7121\u6cd5\u81ea\u6211\u589e\u6b96\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u63a5\u89f8\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9577\u671f\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\uff08\u87e0\u5c3e\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u87e0\u5c3e\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5(Onchocerciasis)\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7a31\u4f5c\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7(River Blindness)\uff0c\u662f\u7d72\u87f2(filarial worm) Onchocerca volvulus\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u8a72\u75be\u75c5\u50c5\u50b3\u67d3\u7d66\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u7576\u96cc\u6027\u9ed1\u8805(blackfly)\u5c07\u7d72\u87f2\u7684\u4e09\u671f\u5e7c\u87f2\u690d\u5165\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ae\u819a\u50b7\u53e3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e7c\u87f2\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ae\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54\u589e\u6b96\u70ba\u7d50\u7bc0(nodule)\uff0c\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u719f\u81f3\u6210\u87f2\u3002O. volvulus\u96cc\u6027\u6210\u87f2\u5927\u5c0f\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u96c4\u6027\u6210\u87f2\u7684\u5169\u500d\uff0c\u9ad4\u957733~50cm\u3001\u5bec270~400\u03bcm\uff0c\u6210\u87f2\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b18\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u4ea4\u914d\u5f8c\uff0c\u96cc\u6027\u6210\u87f2\u80fd\u6bcf\u5929\u91cb\u653e\u9ad8\u90541000\u96bb\u5c0f\u7d72\u87f2(microfilariae)\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u81f3\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u7a2e\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5982\u6162\u6027\u76ae\u819a\u708e(chronic dermatitis)\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u75b9(skin rashes)\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u75c5\u8b8a(lesions)\u3001\u5287\u70c8\u767c\u7662(intense itching)\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ae\u819a\u812b\u8272(skin depigmentation)\u3002\u7576\u5c0f\u578b\u7d72\u87f2\u62b5\u9054\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u773c\u775b\u767c\u708e\u3001\u89d2\u819c\u7d50\u75a4\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u660e\u3002\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5931\u660e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u8981\u611f\u67d3\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6cb3\u5ddd\u9644\u8fd1\u9ed1\u8805\u6578\u91cf\u7279\u5225\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u3002\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u5927\u591a\u767c\u751f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u4ee5\u5357\u5340\u57df\u3001\u5357\u4e9e\u6d32\u3001\u53ca\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8a31\u591a\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5c45\u6c11\u906d\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4f30\u8a08\u7d042500\u842c\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u8d85\u904e30\u842c\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u5931\u660e\u30022016\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u572831\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u7e3d\u4eba\u6578\u9054\u5230\u7d042\u51045\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5(Lymphatic Filariasis)\uff0c\u662f\u6dcb\u5df4\u7cfb\u7d71\u53d7\u5230\u7dda\u87f2-\u7d72\u87f2\u5c6c(family Filariodidea)(\u5982\u6f58\u6c0f\u7d72\u72c0\u87f2Wuchereria bancrofti\u3001\u99ac\u4f86\u8840\u7d72\u87f2Brugia malayi\u3001\u5e1d\u6c76\u7d72\u87f2Brugia timori)\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u7d72\u7dda\u87f2(Filarial nematodes)\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u548c\u868a\u5b50\u5169\u7a2e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\uff0c\u868a\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u9593\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u6700\u7d42\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u7d72\u87f2\u5c6c\u7684\u96cc\u6027\u7dda\u87f2\u9ad4\u578b\u8f03\u96c4\u6027\u7dda\u87f2\u5927\u3002\u99ac\u4f86\u8840\u7d72\u87f2\u9ad4\u578b\u6bd4\u6f58\u6c0f\u7d72\u72c0\u87f2\u5c0f\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u96cc\u6027\u9ad4\u957743~55mm\uff0c\u5bec130~170\u03bcm\u3002\u53d7\u7cbe\u5f8c\u7684\u96cc\u6027\u7dda\u87f2\u91cb\u653e\u5c0f\u7dda\u87f2\uff0c\u9ad4\u9577177~230\u03bcm\u3001\u5bec5~7\u03bcm\uff0c\u53ef\u5b58\u6d3b3~36\u500b\u6708\u3002\u5927\u7dda\u87f2(microfilariae)\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u5b58\u6d3b5~7\u5e74\uff0c\u68f2\u606f\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u6dcb\u5df4\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u5c0f\u7dda\u87f2\u6703\u591c\u884c\u6027\u9077\u79fb\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u5728\u6df1\u90e8\u975c\u8108(deep vein)\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u5728\u9031\u908a\u5faa\u74b0\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5c0f\u7dda\u87f2\u5728\u868a\u5b50\u8178\u9053\uff0c\u7d93\u6578\u500b\u6642\u671f\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u611f\u67d3\u6027\u5e7c\u87f2(infectious larvae)\uff0c\u7576\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5bbf\u4e3b\u53d7\u5230\u53ee\u54ac\uff0c\u5c31\u50b3\u67d3\u81f3\u65b0\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u3002\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u7dda\u87f2\u6578\u91cf\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6162\u6027\u767c\u708e\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u5f71\u97ff\u8d85\u904e1\u51042\u5343\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u9020\u6210\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ba1\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6162\u6027\u816b\u8139\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d42\u8eab\u4e0d\u96c5\u53ca\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5982\u8c61\u76ae\u75c5(Elephantiasis)\u53ca\u9670\u56ca\u7a4d\u6c34(Scrotal hydrocele)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767c\u73fe\u7279\u6b8a\u6297\u83cc\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u6751\u667a\u662f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5317\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5206\u96e2\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u570b\u885b\u65af\u7406\u5927\u5b78(Wesleyan University)\u7684Max Tishler\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u8a2a\u554f\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002Tishler\u662fMerck\u85e5\u5ee0Shape and Dome\u7814\u7a76\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(\u7c21\u7a31MDRL)\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u8207\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8209\u884c\u5171\u540c\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u4fc3\u6210\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6714\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u30021972\u5e74\uff0cMerck\u85e5\u5ee0\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6H. Boyd Woodruff\u524d\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u5317\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8207\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4f5c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u767c\u9175\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7269\u8cea\u3002Tishler\u8207Woodruff\u90fd\u66fe\u8207Selman Waksman\u5171\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u805a\u7126\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u6297\u83cc\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc(Streptomyces)\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\uff0cSelman Waksman\u66fe\u7d93\u5f9e\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u93c8\u9ef4\u7d20(Streptomycin)\uff0c\u4f46\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u5f88\u96e3\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u57f9\u990a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u54c1\u7cfb\u7684\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u85c9\u7531\u7368\u7279\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u57f9\u990a\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u65b0\u54c1\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6210\u529f\u57f9\u990a\u5b83\u5011(\u57162)\u3002\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u5f9e\u6578\u5343\u500b\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9078\u53d6\u7d0450\u500b\u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u6297\u83cc\u6d3b\u6027(antimicrobial activities)\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4f0a\u8c46\u5730\u5340\u9ad8\u723e\u592b\u7403\u5834\u9644\u8fd1\u627e\u5230\u7684\u93c8\u9ef4\u83cc\u65b0\u54c1\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Avermectin)\u300d\u7684\u93c8\u9ef4\u83ccStreptomyces avermitilis\uff0c\u8a72\u54c1\u7cfb\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5cStreptomyces avermectinius\u3002\"66067_p02\"<\/p>\n

\u767c\u73fe\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u7684\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6d3b\u6027\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

William C. Campbell\u662f\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u5de5\u4f5c\u65bcMerck\u85e5\u5ee0MDRL\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8207\u5317\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u6240\u57f9\u990a\u83cc\u6db2\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u6548\u529b\u3002\u51cd\u4e7e\u5f8c\u7684\u83cc\u6db2\u88ab\u6df7\u5728\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u53d7\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u5c0f\u9f20\uff0c\u6aa2\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u4e00\u83cc\u6db2\uff0c\u53d7\u7dda\u87f2(Nematospiroides dubius)\u611f\u67d3\u5c0f\u9f20\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5e7e\u8fd1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6709\u6e1b\u5c11\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u8a72\u7d50\u679c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u7cbe\u88fd\u57f9\u990a\u83cc\u6db2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u88fd\u5099\u904e\u7a0b\u53bb\u9664\u5be1\u9ef4\u7d20(oligomycin)\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u6c59\u67d3\u3002\u8207Campbell\u7dca\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684Thomas W. Miller\uff0c\u5c0d\u83cc\u6db2\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u662f\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Avermectin)\u300d\u3002Campbell\u63a5\u8457\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a72\u6210\u5206\u5177\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u8b49\u5be6\u8a72\u6d3b\u6027\u5c0d\u5bb6\u755c\u6216\u8fb2\u5834\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e5f\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6d3b\u6027(\u57163)\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u61c9\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u53ca\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7b49\u591a\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5206\u985e\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u6839\u64da\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51faStreptomyces avermectinius\u7684\u547d\u540d\u3002\"66067_p03\"<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u5230\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u81e8\u5e8a\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Campbell\u8207Merck\u85e5\u5ee0MDRL\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5171\u540c\u5c07\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Avermectin)\u300d\u7d93\u7531\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20(Ivermectin)\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u662f\u75312\u500b\u6c2b\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u4fee\u98fe\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u7684\u534a\u5408\u6210\u578b\u5f0f(semisynthetic version)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCampbell\u555f\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u53bb\u78ba\u8a8d\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e94\u9805\u7279\u6027\uff1a(1)\u6240\u5177\u7279\u6b8a\u6f5b\u80fd\uff1b(2)\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6297\u8a31\u591a\u7dda\u87f2\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff1b(3)\u5c0d\u6297\u8178\u9053\u4ee5\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u5982\u68f2\u606f\u65bc\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u7d72\u87f2\uff0c\u5177\u9577\u671f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff1b(4)\u5c0d\u6297\u82ef\u5e76\u54aa\u5511(benzimidazole)\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7dda\u87f2\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\uff1b(5)\u5c0d\u5bbf\u4e3b\u5177\u826f\u597d\u8010\u53d7\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7528\u85e5\u5b89\u5168\u754c\u9650\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\u6b63\u9762\u7d50\u679c\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u72d7\u5fc3\u7d72\u87f2\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u8b93Campbell\u65bc1977\u5e74\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u985e\u4e4b\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u6e2c\u8a66\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u30021981~1982\u5e74\uff0cMerck\u85e5\u5ee0MDRL\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u5c08\u5bb6Mohammed Aziz\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6210\u529f\u8a66\u9a57\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u6e05\u695a\u986f\u793a : \u7d66\u4e88\u75c5\u60a3\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u55ae\u4e00\u5291\u91cf\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u672a\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u6210\u9ad4\u7d72\u87f2\uff0c\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u9664\u53bb\u6216\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9664\u53bb\u5c0f\u7d72\u87f2\u3002\u6f58\u6c0f\u7d72\u72c0\u87f2(Wuchereria bancrofti)\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5(lymphatic filariasis)\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u75c5\u60a3\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u55ae\u4e00\u5291\u91cf\u8655\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6e05\u9664\u8840\u6db2\u5167\u5c0f\u7d72\u87f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u672a\u5341\u5206\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u958b\u53e3\u578b\u9ea9\u80fa\u9178\u9e7d\u6c2f\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053(glutamate-gated chloride ion channels)\u3001\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u03b3-\u80fa\u57fa\u4e01\u9178\u6c2f\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053(GABA-activated chloride channels)\u4e4b\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u7dda\u87f2\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u8a72\u6291\u5236\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5c0d\u6c2f\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u900f\u6027\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904e\u6975\u5316\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u808c\u8089\u9ebb\u75fa\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u8a72\u6548\u679c\u9020\u6210\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6162\u6027\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u5bbf\u4e3b\u767c\u708e\u53cd\u61c9\u3001\u53ca\u7de9\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c08\u4e00\u6027\u53d7\u5668\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7dda\u87f2\u3001\u6606\u87f2\u3001\u53ca\u86db\u5f62\u7db1\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7d5b\u87f2\u8207\u5438\u87f2\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u958b\u53e3\u578b\u914d\u9ad4(ligand-gated)\u6c2f\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u4e2d\u6a1e\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u89aa\u548c\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u8840\u8166\u969c\u58c1(blood-brain barrier)\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4f4e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u672a\u50b7\u53ca\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6bba\u6b7b\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u5c6c\u9ad8\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u85e5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4eca\uff0c\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u85e5\u5291\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u529b\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u50c5\u9700\u4e00\u5e74\u670d\u75281~2\u6b21\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u504f\u9060\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u529f\u52de\u61c9\u6b78\u529f\u65bcMerck\u85e5\u5ee0\u7e3d\u88c1(CEO)Roy Vagelos\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4ed6\u5c07\u8a72\u85e5\u5ee0\u7b26\u5408\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u85e5\u5291\uff0c\u7121\u511f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u6cbb\u7642\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u53ca\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6d88\u6ec5\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u53ca\u8c61\u76ae\u75c7\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54(WHO)\u5217\u70ba\u6e1b\u5c11\u53d7\u6f20\u8996\u71b1\u5e36\u75be\u75c5\u5340\u57df\u6027\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64daWHO\u5831\u544a\uff0c2012\u5e74\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u904e2\u5104\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u70ba\u671f1~25\u5e74\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u60a3\uff0c\u5df2\u67091\u51041\u53438\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u80fa\u57fa\u7532\u9178\u7532\u916f(albendazole)\u300d\u70ba\u671f1~11\u5e74\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u30022013\u5e74\uff0cWHO\u63d0\u51fa2020\u5e74\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u30012025\u5e74\u87e0\u5c3e\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\uff0c\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u7d55\u8de1\u7684\u5168\u7403\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5927\u6751\u667a\u6559\u6388\u53caCampbell\u535a\u58eb\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u8b49\u5be6\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u85e5\u5291\u80fd\u6975\u6709\u6548\u5c0d\u6297\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7627\u75be : \u5168\u7403\u5a01\u8105<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d2000\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u65e9\u671f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u8a18\u8f09\u7627\u75be\u662f\u63a5\u89f8\u50b3\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7627\u75be\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u6f14\u5316\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6709\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4fdd\u8b77\u578b\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u942e\u5f62\u8840\u7403\u8ca7\u8840\u75c7(Sickle-cell Disease)\u53ca\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u578b\u8ca7\u8840(Thalassemia)\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u5148\u5929\u6027\u8840\u6db2\u6a5f\u80fd\u5931\u5e38\u8ca7\u8840\u8005\uff0c\u8f03\u5e38\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u5206\u4f48\u65bc\u7627\u75be\u9ad8\u767c\u751f\u7387\u5340\u3002\u300c\u7627\u75be(malaria)\u300d\u540d\u7a31\u884d\u751f\u65bc\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8a9e\uff0c\u610f\u65e8\u300c\u4e0d\u6f54\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7627\u75be\u4f86\u81ea\u6cbc\u6fa4\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002\u7627\u75be\u662f\u7531\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-\u7627\u539f\u87f2(Plasmodium)\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u67095\u7a2e\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u80fd\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u767c\u6296\u3001\u767c\u71b1\u3001\u53ca\u5192\u6c57\u7684\u9031\u671f\u6027\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u8f03\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8166\u75c5\u8b8a-\u8166\u90e8\u7627\u75be\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u942e\u72c0\u7627\u539f\u87f2(Plasmodium falciparum)\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u901a\u5e38\u8f03\u6eab\u548c\u3002\u7627\u75be\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u7627\u868a(Anophele)\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u7576\u53d7\u7627\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u96cc\u6027\u7627\u868a\u53ee\u54ac\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5c07\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u5b62\u5b50\u9ad4(sporozoite)\u5f15\u5165\u81f3\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002\u8a72\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u5b62\u5b50\u9ad4\u6703\u5165\u4fb5\u809d\u7d30\u80de\u8655\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6578\u5343\u500b\u80fd\u7121\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u88c2\u9ad4\u6027\u82bd\u5b62(merozoites)\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u809d\u7d30\u80de\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u88c2\u9ad4\u6027\u82bd\u5b62\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u81f3\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u53d7\u5230\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u518d\u91cb\u653e\u8a31\u591a\u88c2\u9ad4\u6027\u82bd\u5b62\uff0c\u53bb\u611f\u67d3\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u6709\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u5247\u85c9\u7531\u5438\u8840\u7627\u868a\u53ee\u54ac\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64daWHO 2014\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u7627\u75be\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d04\u670934\u5104\u4eba\u9762\u81e8\u7627\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u50c52013\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5c31\u67091\u51049\u53438\u767e\u842c\u7627\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f458\u842c4\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u7627\u75be\u75c5\u60a390%\u6b7b\u4ea1\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u5176\u8ca0\u64d4\u6700\u70ba\u6c89\u91cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e74\u9f61\u672a\u6eff5\u6b72\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u5360\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u768478%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767c\u73fe\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u6297\u7627\u75be\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7627\u75be\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u767e\u5e74\u5bc6\u96c6\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u9678\u8ecd\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751fRonald Ross\uff0c\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u7627\u75be\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u868a\u5b50\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u7372\u5f971902\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u5728\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\u7576\u5730\u91ab\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u91ab\u751fCharles Laveran\uff0c\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u611f\u67d3\u7627\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u5b58\u5728\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u7372\u5f971907\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\u594e\u5be7(quinine)\u6cbb\u7642\u80fd\u6e05\u9664\u8840\u6db2\u5167\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u3002\u745e\u58eb\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6Paul Herman M\u00fcller\u56e0\u767c\u73feDDT\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u7bc0\u80a2\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u868a\u5b50\u662f\u63a5\u89f8\u6027\u6bd2\u7269\uff0c\u7372\u5f971948\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u529b\u6bba\u87f2\u5291DDT\u5c31\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6d88\u6ec5\u868a\u5b50\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6e1b\u5c11\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5728\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u7576\u6642\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6297\u7627\u75be\u85e5\u5291-\u6c2f\u5316\u594e\u5be7(chloroquine)\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5176\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7627\u75be\u767c\u751f\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u868a\u5b50\u5c31\u5c0dDDT\u7522\u751f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u56b4\u91cd\u95dc\u5207DDT\u6bba\u87f2\u5291\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u942e\u72c0\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u54c1\u7cfb\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u53ca\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u61f7\u7591\u6c2f\u5316\u594e\u5be7\u7684\u6297\u7627\u8010\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0e\u81f41960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7627\u75be\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u53ca\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u7627\u75be\u767c\u751f\u7387\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u622e\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u7627\u75be\u65b0\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u5979\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u570b\u91ab\u5b78\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u767c\u71d2\u7684\u8655\u65b9\u3002\u5c60\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u690d\u7269-\u9ec3\u82b1\u84bf(Artemesia annua\uff1bsweet wormwood)\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u8655\u65b9\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5979\u5011\u6700\u521d\u9032\u884c\u9752\u84bf\u8403\u53d6\u7269\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u80fd\u5be6\u8cea\u6291\u5236\u56d3\u9f52\u76ee\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7627\u75be\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u611f\u67d3(\u57164)\u3002\u4f46\u9752\u84bf\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u537b\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u670912~40%\u7684\u6291\u5236\u8b8a\u7570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c60\u535a\u58eb\u518d\u5ea6\u67e5\u95b1\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u845b\u6d2a\u65bc\u897f\u5143340\u5e74\u7684\u8655\u65b9\uff0c\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u6587\u737b\u7d00\u9304\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u51b7\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50b3\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u6cb8\u6c34\uff0c\u53bb\u8403\u53d6\u9752\u84bf\u8449\u7247\u6c41\u6db2\u3002\u9019\u555f\u767c\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u919a\u4f5c\u70ba\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u51b7\u8403\u53d6\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u9187\u8403\u53d6\uff1b\u7d93\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u4f4e\u6eab\u8403\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7372\u5f97100%\u6bba\u6b7b\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u5c0f\u9f20\u53ca\u7334\u5b50\u7627\u75be\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9752\u84bf\u7d20(Artemisinin)\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u7627\u75be\u7684\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\u3002\"66068_p04\"<\/p>\n

\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5c0d\u6297\u7627\u75be\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u7d93\u81e8\u5e8a\u6e2c\u8a66\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u8403\u53d6\u7269\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u964d\u4f4e\u767c\u71d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u964d\u4f4e\u7627\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8840\u6db2\u5167\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6578\u76ee\u3002\u53d7\u6b64\u81e8\u5e8a\u7d50\u679c\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u6fc0\u52f5\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u5718\u968a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53bb\u5206\u96e2\u8403\u53d6\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u8a72\u6210\u5206\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20(Artemisinin)\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u5f0f\u3002\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u662f\u6297\u7627\u75be\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u65b0\u85e5\u5291\uff0c\u7576\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u53d7\u5230\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u7627\u75be\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaKelch 13\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u86cb\u767d\u8ceaKelch 13\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u8207\u5ef6\u7de9\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u6e05\u9664\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u51fa\u73fe\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u5728\u5357\u4e9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u85e5\u6027\uff0cWHO\u5efa\u8b70\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7d50\u5408\u5176\u5b83\u6297\u7627\u75be\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

ACT\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u6bba\u87f2\u5291\u8655\u7406\u7684\u9632\u868a\u7db2\u8207\u5ba4\u5167\u5674\u7051\u6bba\u87f2\u5291\u7684\u75c5\u5a92\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6232\u5287\u6027\u6e1b\u5c11\u7627\u75be\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c 2000~2013\u5e74\u9593\u5168\u7403\u6e1b\u5c11\u9ad8\u905447%\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5247\u9ad8\u905454%\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u53d7\u7627\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u75c5\u4f8b\u6578\u4e0b\u964d26%\uff0c\u81ea1\u51047\u53433\u767e\u842c\u4e0b\u964d\u81f31\u51042\u53438\u767e\u842c\u75c5\u4f8b\u30022~10\u6b72\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u7627\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u76db\u884c\u7387(prevalence)\uff0c\u81ea26%\u4e0b\u964d\u81f314%\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\uff0cACT\u75c5\u5a92\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u7627\u75be\u767c\u751f\u7387\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u65b0\u985e\u578b\u6297\u7627\u75be\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u85e5\u5291\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u7627\u75be\u767c\u751f\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u6bba\u6b7b\u7627\u75be\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5177\u6975\u4f73\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u53bb\u6cbb\u7642\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7627\u75be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u53ca\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u2013\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u985e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u53ca\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6df1\u9060\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u793e\u6703\u908a\u7de3\u5340\u57df\u3001\u6700\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u50c5\u7627\u75be\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u6bcf\u5e7450\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c90%\u767c\u751f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u60b2\u50b7\u5730\uff0c80%\u662f\u4e0d\u52305\u6b72\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u7627\u75be\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7f79\u60a3\u56b4\u91cd\u7627\u75be\u7684\u5152\u7ae5(>30%)\u3002\u6839\u64daWHO 2015\u5e74\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u8fd115\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u7627\u75be\u5168\u7403\u7e3d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u5df2\u4e0b\u964d50%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7dda\u87f2\u611f\u67d3\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e14\u9020\u6210\u7d42\u8eab\u75db\u82e6\u53ca\u5931\u80fd\u3002\u7dda\u87f2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u8207\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u6700\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u6709\u9ad8\u90542\u53435\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u53ca1\u51042\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u7f79\u60a3\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u5c6c\u53d7\u6f20\u8996\u7684\u71b1\u5e36\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u300c\u5931\u80fd\u8abf\u6574\u5f8c\u5b58\u6d3b\u5e74(disability adjusted life-years ;DALYs)\u300d\u6bcf\u5e74\u7e3d\u640d\u5931\u9ad8\u9054\u7d044\u53436\u767e\u842c\u81f35\u53437\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u9020\u6210\u75be\u75c5\u53ca\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u986f\u8457\u5168\u7403\u6027\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u7d04\u5360\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u5168\u7403\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ca0\u64d4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\uff0c\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u670d\u7528\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u6bcf\u5e741\u6b21\u62162\u6b21\u5291\u91cf\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5206\u5225\u653b\u64ca\u4eba\u985e\u773c\u775b\u53ca\u6dcb\u5df4\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6d88\u6ec5\u9019\u4e9b\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9020\u6210\u5931\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u300c\u827e\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9810\u9632\u6027\u85e5\u5291\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u963f\u5f17\u9ea5\u514b\u7d20\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u300d\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u500b\u4eba\u75be\u75c5\u8ca0\u64d4\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u9019\u4e9b\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8ca7\u56f0\u53ca\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u627f\u53d7\u75be\u75c5\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5b78\u7fd2\u5fc5\u8981\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u652f\u6490\u500b\u4eba\u53ca\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u58d3\u8feb\u53ca\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u4e0d\u50c5\u5c0e\u81f4\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u963b\u7919\u500b\u4eba\u6574\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u798f\u7949\u3001\u53ca\u751f\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d93\u904e\u6301\u7e8c\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u8207\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\uff0c\u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u3002\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54(WHO)\u3001\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54(NGOs)\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u5168\u7403\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa2025\u5e74\u524d\u6d88\u6ec5\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u53ca2020\u5e74\u524d\u6d88\u6ec5\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d72\u87f2\u75c5\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u5148\u524d\u906d\u53d7\u7627\u75be\u4fb5\u8972\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7576\u5730\u4e5f\u5df2\u514d\u9664\u7627\u75be\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

2015\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u91ab\u5b78\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u75c5\u60a3\u514d\u65bc\u906d\u53d7\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u9032\u500b\u4eba\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u7e41\u69ae\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ca\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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