{"id":22666,"date":"2015-10-19T01:53:54","date_gmt":"2015-10-18T17:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22666"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:15:21","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:15:21","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a214%e3%80%91%e4%b8%bb%e5%ae%b0%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e5%91%bd%e9%81%8b%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8d%e5%87%a1%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96-%e5%bb%a3%e7%be%a9%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e8%ab%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22666","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2214\u3011\u4e3b\u5bb0\u5b87\u5b99\u547d\u904b\u7684\u4e0d\u51e1\u7406\u8ad6-\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Photo:DonkeyHotey@flicker\"
Photo:DonkeyHotey@flicker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u25cf<\/strong>\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u5b55\u80b2\u8207\u8a95\u751f(1905-1915)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"2\"<\/p>\n

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\u5ee3\u76f8\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u65bc1915\u5e74\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u9810\u6e2c\u6c34\u661f\u8ecc\u9053\u9032\u52d5\u30021919\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u827e\u4e01\u9813(Sir Arthur Eddington) \u66f4\u5728\u897f\u975e\u5916\u6d77\u5229\u7528\u65e5\u5168\u8755\u6642\u89c0\u6e2c\u661f\u5149\u7d93\u904e\u592a\u967d\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u504f\u6298\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8207\u5ee3\u76f8\u9810\u6e2c\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8072\u540d\u5927\u566a\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5ee3\u76f8\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u5316\u8207\u661f\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0d\u5faa\u5e38\u898f\u3001\u8d85\u524d\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u9810\u6e2c\u76f4\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u79d1\u6280\u624d\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4f5c\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u6e2c\u4f86\u4e00\u4e00\u9a57\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u9ed1\u6d1e:\u5149\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u96e2\u7684\u5929\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5ee3\u76f8\u767c\u8868\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u53f2\u74e6\u897f(Karl Schwarzschild<\/a>)\u5728\u4e00\u6230\u620e\u99ac\u4e4b\u9918\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u5ee3\u76f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7cbe\u78ba\u89e3:\u4e00\u500b\u975c\u6b62\u3001\u7403\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u5929\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u5f4e\u66f2\u6642\u7a7a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u88e1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u9ad4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u7bc4\u570d\u5167(\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8996\u754c)\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u6975\u5ea6\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u96e2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5929\u9ad4\u5b8c\u5168\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u6046\u661f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6642\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u6703\u767c\u751f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u584c\u7e2e\u6210\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u82e5\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u5b83\u5c0d\u5468\u906d\u5929\u9ad4\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u9593\u63a5\u5f97\u77e5\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u76f8\u7e7c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u4e9b\u96d9\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\u88e1\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u9846\u4e0d\u767c\u5149\u7684\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u4f34\u661f\u6216\u662f\u9644\u8fd1\u767c\u51fa\u5f37\u70c8\u7684X\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b58\u5728\u767e\u842c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u5104\u500b\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7dfb\u5bc6\u5929\u9ad4\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u547d\u904b\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n

1922\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc(Alexander Friedmann)\u7b49\u4eba\u5148\u5f8c\u5f9e\u5ee3\u76f8\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u5c0f\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81a8\u8139\u6536\u7e2e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\u975c\u614b\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5b87\u5b99\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u300c\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578(\u5373[2]\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u039b)\u30021929\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u54c8\u4f2f(Edwin Hubble)\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u9059\u9060\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u6b63\u96e2\u5730\u7403\u9060\u53bb\uff0c\u8b49\u5be6\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u81a8\u8139\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5f97\u77e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u611f\u5606\u5f15\u5165\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u662f\u4ed6\u9019\u8f29\u5b50\u6700\u611a\u8822\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u82e5\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u5247\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u5275\u59cb\u4e4b\u521d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6bd4\u73fe\u5728\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u3001\u64e0\u7684\u591a\u3001\u71b1\u7684\u591a\uff1b\u5b87\u5b99\u5f9e\u9ad8\u6eab\u7dfb\u5bc6\u7684\u706b\u7403\u4e2d\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u5927\u9739\u9742\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u30021964\u5e74\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8207\u592a\u521d\u706b\u7403\u51b7\u537b\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u9739\u9742\u7406\u8ad6\u5f97\u4ee5\u78ba\u7acb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u8207\u5ee3\u76f8\u9810\u6e2c\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u9739\u9742\u548c\u5ee3\u76f8\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u65e5\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62dc\u5ee3\u76f8\u4e4b\u8cdc\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u547d\u904b\u81ea\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u7d14\u5c6c\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89c0\u6e2c\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6ce2\u6069 (Max Born) \u5c31\u8b7d\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u662f\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u8b58\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6700\u6975\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5b83\u96c6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u6027\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u6d1e\u898b\u3001\u53ca\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u5ee3\u76f8\u7684\u6311\u6230\u8207\u4fee\u6b63\uff1a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7269\u7406\u9769\u547d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u611b\u56e0\u601d\u5766\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u5982\u6b64\u7c21\u6f54\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4f86\u9f8d\u53bb\u8108\u3001\u6046\u661f\u7684\u8870\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u986f\u793a\u5ee3\u76f8\u5c1a\u6709\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5099\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n

1974\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u970d\u4eac(Stephen Hawking)\u5617\u8a66\u7d50\u5408\u5ee3\u76f8\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78(\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u5fae\u89c0\u4e16\u754c)\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u529b\u5b78(\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u7fa4\u7c92\u5b50\u7279\u6027)\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8996\u754c\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u8f3b\u5c04\u9020\u6210\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6162\u6162\u84b8\u767c! \u82e5\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u970d\u4eac\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u84b8\u767c\uff0c\u5247\u7576\u521d\u6389\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5c31\u5f9e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u4e2d\u8a0a\u606f\u4e0d\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u7274\u89f8\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8a0a\u606f\u6096\u8ad6(black hole information paradox)\uff0c\u5e36\u51fa\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8207\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e92\u6d3d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u662f\u722d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

1998\u5e74\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5f9e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u6709\u7d0470%\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u65bd\u52a0\u65a5\u529b\u5c07\u842c\u7269\u5f7c\u6b64\u63a8\u958b\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7576\u5e74\u81ea\u8cac\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\uff01\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u7531\u76ee\u524d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9810\u6e2c\u91cf\u5b50\u771f\u7a7a\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u503c\u7adf\u6bd4\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u503c\u5927\u4e86124\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a(1\u5f8c\u9762\u63a5124\u500b0\u500d\u5927)\uff01\u9019\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u9593\u4ecd\u6709\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n

\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u51f1\u723e\u6587\u7537\u7235(Lord Kelvin)\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78(\u53e4\u5178\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u3001\u71b1\u529b\u5b78)\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u719f\u5b8c\u5099\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5169\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6674\u7a7a\u5929\u908a\u7684\u5169\u6735\u70cf\u96f2\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u652f\u6490\u5149\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea(\u4e59\u592a)\u9084\u672a\u627e\u5230<\/li>\n
  2. \u9ed1\u9ad4\u8f3b\u5c04\u548c\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8ab0\u4e5f\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u9019\u5169\u6735\u96f2\u7adf\u7136\u6380\u8d77\u9a5a\u6fe4\u99ed\u6d6a\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u6574\u500b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5169\u500b\u652f\u67f1\uff1a\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u3002\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5e38\u6578\u554f\u984c\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8a0a\u606f\u907a\u5931\u554f\u984c,\u6070\u5982\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u5169\u7247\u70cf\u96f2\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53c8\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u5462\uff1f\u656c\u8acb\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

    --
    \n\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a104\/10\/03<\/strong>\u7531\u9673\u4e15\u71ca\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c    \u7f8e\u662f\u5747\u8861\u4e2d\u6709\u932f\u6115 \u2500<\/a><\/strong>\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u300d100<\/strong><\/a>\u5468\u5e74<\/a>\u300d\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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