{"id":22629,"date":"2015-10-08T10:34:27","date_gmt":"2015-10-08T02:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22629"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:20:51","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:20:51","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%99%82%e4%ba%8b%e7%84%a6%e9%bb%9e%e3%80%912015%e5%b9%b4%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e7%8d%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22629","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6642\u4e8b\u7126\u9ede\u30112015\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e DNA\u4fee\u88dc \u2013 \u70ba\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"CQtKEK7UsAAITh5\"\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u81fa\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388 \u8521\u860a\u660e<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u4ee3\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u5f62\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9ad4\u5167\u6d41\u50b3\u4e86\u5343\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4f46\u8b93\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u3002Tomas Lindahl (\u6797\u9054\u723e)\u3001Paul Modrich (\u83ab\u745e\u514b)\u3001\u8207Aziz Sancar (\u6851\u8cc8\u723e) \u7372\u5f97\u4e862015\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u88dc\u5b83\u7684DNA\u800c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8ab0\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7cbe\u5b50\u88e1\u768423\u689d\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u5375\u5b50\u88e1\u768423\u689d\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u6642\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u5b83\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4f60\u9ad4\u5167\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5c07\u90a3\u4e9bDNA\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f9e\u9019\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u62bd\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u6392\u5217\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u5169\u516c\u5c3a\u4e4b\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

\"nobel<\/p>\n

\u7576\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u63a5\u8457\u5206\u88c2\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9bDNA\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6703\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b50\u7d30\u80de\u4e5f\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7d44\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7d30\u80de\u518d\u5ea6\u5206\u88c2\uff1b\u4e8c\u8b8a\u56db\uff0c\u56db\u8b8a\u516b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f60\u64c1\u6709\u4e86128\u500b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7e3d\u9577\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u8fd1300\u516c\u5c3a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728 \u2013 \u5728\u8a31\u591a\u8a31\u591a\u5104\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u5f8c \u2013 \u4f60\u7684DNA\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8def\u4f38\u5c55\u5230\u592a\u967d\u518d\u7e5e\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u7e3d\u5171250\u5708\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8cea\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\u4e86\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u90a3\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u62f7\u8c9d\u4ecd\u7136\u8207\u539f\u4f86\u5728\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u4e2d\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5049\u5927\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u90a3\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u7684DNA\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5177\u6709\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u7dda\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u53cd\u61c9\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4f60\u65e9\u5728\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u80da\u80ce\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u5806\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u9ad4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u4f60\u7684<\/strong>DNA<\/strong>\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u7fa4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u76e3\u63a7
\n<\/strong>\u5e74\u5fa9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684DNA\u4ecd\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u90a3\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4e00\u7d44\u5206\u5b50\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8005\uff1a\u4e00\u7fa4\u76e3\u63a7\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6821\u5c0d\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e26\u4fee\u88dc\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u640d\u58de\u30022015\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u6842\u51a0\u9812\u7d66\u4e86Tomas Lindahl (\u6797\u9054\u723e)\u3001Paul Modrich (\u83ab\u745e\u514b)\u3001\u8207Aziz Sancar (\u6851\u8cc8\u723e)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u5f04\u6e05\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u8001\u5316\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6797\u9054\u723e\u3001\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u3001\u8207\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u5206\u5225\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684DNA\u4fee\u88dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u59cb\u65bc\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u76f8\u540c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6797\u9054\u723e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728 \u2013 \u56e0\u6b64<\/strong>DNA<\/strong>\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u88dc\u7684
\n<\/strong>\u300cDNA\u5230\u5e95\u771f\u7684\u6709\u591a\u7a69\u5b9a\uff1f\u300d\u6797\u9054\u723e\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u672b\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u76f8\u4fe1DNA\u7684\u5206\u5b50 \u2013 \u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u77f3 \u2013 \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8010\u64cd\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u767c\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u4e8b\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u78ba\u9700\u8981\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u4ee3\u53ea\u6703\u767c\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u6642\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76RNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500bDNA\u7684\u8868\u89aa\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u884c\u5f97\u5f88\u9806\u5229\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c07RNA\u52a0\u71b1\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7e3d\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a72\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u77e5RNA\u662f\u6bd4DNA\u66f4\u70ba\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679cRNA\u53d7\u71b1\u6642\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u6bc0\u58de\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebcDNA\u771f\u7684\u6703\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u90fd\u5f88\u7a69\u5b9a\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u958b\u59cb\u99d0\u7559\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u5c0b\u627e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u56de\u5230\u745e\u5178\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u7684\u5361\u7f85\u7433\u5b78\u9662(Karolinska Institute)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u4ed6\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff1aDNA\u6703\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u500b\u7de9\u6162\u4f46\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u5929\u6703\u6709\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u5177\u6f5b\u5728\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u640d\u50b7\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u983b\u7387\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u76f8\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8ca0\u8cac\u4fee\u88dc\u6240\u6709\u7684DNA\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u6247\u5d84\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5927\u9580\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u79fb\u9664<\/strong>DNA<\/strong>\u7684\u640d\u50b7
\n<\/strong>\u7d30\u83cc\u7684DNA\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u7684DNA\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u817a\u560c\u5464(A)\u3001\u9ce5\u560c\u5464(G)\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576(C)\u3001\u8207\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u7887(T)\u7b49\u9e7c\u57fa\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u958b\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u7d30\u83cc\u7684DNA\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u4fee\u5fa9\u7528\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u500bDNA\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u9ede\u662f\u80de\u5627\u5576(C)\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u812b\u53bb\u4e00\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u5c0e\u81f4\u57fa\u56e0\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u5728DNA\u96d9\u80a1\u87ba\u65cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u80de\u5627\u5576\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u8207\u9ce5\u560c\u5464(G)\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u80fa\u57fa\u4e0d\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u53d7\u7834\u58de\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u548c\u817a\u560c\u5464(A)\u914d\u5c0d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u7f3a\u9677\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7a81\u8b8a\u5c07\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21DNA\u8907\u88fd\u6642\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u5c0d\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u9175\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5f9eDNA\u4e0a\u79fb\u9664\u53d7\u640d\u7684\u80de\u5627\u5576\u6240\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u57281974\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u6797\u9054\u723e<\/strong>\u5c07\u9e7c\u57fa\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u7684\u8b0e\u5e95\u62fc\u6e4a\u51fa\u4f86
\n<\/strong>\u9019\u662f35\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u6aa2\u9a57\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5de5\u5177\u76d2\u4e2d\u7684DNA\u4fee\u5fa9\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u611f\u60c5\u5c07\u4ed6\u5e36\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u502b\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u57281986\u5e74\u4ed6\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u514b\u840a\u970d\u723e(Clare Hall)\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u800c\u6210\u540d\u3002\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u6ef4\u7684\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u5c07\u300c\u9e7c\u57fa\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9<\/em>\u300d\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5716\u50cf\u6162\u6162\u7684\u62fc\u6e4a\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u985e\u4f3c\u4ed6\u57281974\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u9175\u7d20\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u91a3\u82f7\u9176<\/em>(glycosylases)<\/em>\u8005\uff0c\u662fDNA\u4fee\u5fa9\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u3002\u9e7c\u57fa\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u4e5f\u6703\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u57281996\u5e74\uff0c\u6797\u9054\u723e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5728\u9ad4\u5916\u91cd\u73fe\u4e86\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u4fee\u5fa9\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"nobel<\/p>\n

\"nobel\u5c0d\u6797\u9054\u723e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u7576\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u5750\u843d\u65bc\u53d7\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cDNA\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6703\u9032\u884c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4e0d\u904eDNA\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5982\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7167\u5c04\u7b49\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u800c\u53d7\u50b7\u662f\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4fee\u88dc\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u58de\u6240\u7528\u7684\u300c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9<\/em>\u300d\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7531\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u85a9\u6b66\u723e(Savur)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u6240\u91d0\u6e05\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u5be7\u9858\u9760\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u4e0d\u505a\u91ab\u751f
\n<\/strong>\u7576\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u9084\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5821\u4fee\u7fd2\u91ab\u5b78\u5b78\u4f4d\u6642\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5728\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9109\u4e0b\u884c\u91ab\uff0c\u4e26\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57281973\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7279\u5225\u5730\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff1a\u7576\u7d30\u83cc\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u81f4\u6b7b\u5291\u91cf\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u8457\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u7528\u53ef\u898b\u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684\u85cd\u5149\u7167\u5c04\uff0c\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u5fa9\u539f\u3002\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u5e7e\u8fd1\u65bc\u5947\u8e5f\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u597d\u5947\uff1b\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Claud Rupert (\u8def\u4f2f\u7279)\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8def\u4f2f\u7279\u4f4d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u9054\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u5fb7\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002\u57281976\u5e74\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u751f\u6f80\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9078\u6b96(cloning)\u4e86\u4fee\u88dc\u88ab\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7834\u58de\u7684DNA\u6240\u7528\u7684\u300c\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20<\/em>\u300d(photolyase)\u4e4b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u672a\u7d66\u4eba\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff1b\u4ed6\u7533\u8acb\u4e86\u4e09\u4efd\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u88ab\u6253\u4e86\u56de\u7968\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u9808\u653e\u56de\u67b6\u4e0a\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76DNA\u4fee\u88dc\uff0c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u5728\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u85e5\u5b78\u9662\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6280\u8853\u54e1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6301\u9818\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u6851\u8cc8\u723e<\/strong> \u2013 \u7814\u7a76\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u88dc\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u58de
\n<\/strong>\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u7d30\u83cc\u5177\u6709\u5169\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u4fee\u88dc\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7684\u7834\u58de\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u501a\u8cf4\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6697\u5ba4\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e5f\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u5728\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u540c\u4ec1\u5011\u81ea1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u500b\u6697\u5ba4\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u5c0d\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u654f\u611f\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u83cc\u682a\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u651c\u5e36\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff1auvrA<\/em>\uff0cuvrB<\/em>\uff0c\u8207uvrC<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u5c0d\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u958b\u59cb\u63a2\u7a76\u9019\u500b\u6697\u5ba4\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u5728\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5167\u4ed6\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u4e26\u9451\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u88abuvrA<\/em>\uff0cuvrB<\/em>\uff0c\u8207uvrC<\/em>\u6240\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u9175\u7d20\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7834\u58de\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728DNA\u80a1\u93c8\u4e0a\u88fd\u9020\u5169\u500b\u5207\u53e3\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u53d7\u640d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5169\u7aef\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u53d7\u640d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u768412-13\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7247\u6bb5\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\"nobel<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u7d30\u83cc\u904b\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u640d\u5bb3\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236
\n<\/strong>\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u9019\u7a2e\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u88dc\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u9019\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc1983\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6210\u5c31\u8b93\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u4f4d\u65bc\u6559\u5802\u5c71(Chapel Hill)\uff0c\u5317\u5361\u7f85\u840a\u7d0d\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\u4e4b\u8077\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7cbe\u6e96\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e6a\u88fd\u51fa\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u6797\u9054\u723e\u5728\u5167\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5e73\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u3002\u5c07\u4eba\u9ad4DNA\u4e2d\u53d7\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7834\u58de\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u5207\u9664\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6bd4\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u5728\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u90fd\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u6700\u521d\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d42\u7a76\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9175\u7d20\uff0c\u63ed\u958b\u4e86\u8b93\u7d30\u83cc\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e6b\u5fd9\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5149\u5206\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u5b9a\u665d\u591c\u7bc0\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a72\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u60f3\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u91c7\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7d30\u7bc0\u96d5\u7e6a\u51fa\u5176\u8f2a\u5ed3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u5b78\u7fd2\u300c<\/strong>DNA<\/strong>\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u300d\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u5831
\n<\/strong>\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u6210\u9577\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u65b0\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5dde\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u93ae\uff0c\u90a3\u88cf\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u666f\u89c0\u89f8\u52d5\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u751f\u7269\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u505aDNA\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u57281963\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u83ef\u7279\u751f\u8207\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u73feDNA\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300cDNA\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\u771f\u7684\u6210\u70ba\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53f2\u4e39\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u64d4\u4efb\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b78(Duke University)\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6703\u5f71\u97ffDNA\u7684\u9175\u7d20\uff1aDNA<\/em>\u9023\u63a5\u9176(ligase)<\/em>\uff0cDNA<\/em>\u805a\u5408\u9176(polymerase)<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caEco RI<\/em>\u9019\u500b\u9650\u5236\u9176(restriction enzyme)\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u63a5\u8fd11970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u8f49\u79fb\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5230Dam methylase<\/em> (\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u9176)\u9019\u500b\u9175\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u5076\u7136\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u584a\u300cDNA\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u6700\u5f8c\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b78\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u5169\u80a1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ea4\u7e54
\n<\/strong>Dam\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u9176\u6703\u5c07\u7532\u57fa\u5076\u5408\u5230DNA\u4e0a\uff0c\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7532\u57fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fe1\u865f\u7ad9\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u9176\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5207\u5272DNA\u7684\u80a1\u93c8\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0cMatthew Meselson(\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee)\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86DNA\u4e0a\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a0a\u606f\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u904b\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd1\u4e4e\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4(bacterial virus)\uff0c\u5177\u6709DNA\u4e0a\u7684\u6578\u500b\u8aa4\u914d\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cA\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u5230C\u800c\u4e0d\u662fT\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\u7d30\u83cc\u6642\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u8aa4\u914d\u3002\u6c92\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4f55\u6b64\u7d30\u83cc\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57281976\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728DNA\u8907\u88fd\u6642\u5076\u800c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u8aa4\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u4e9bDNA\u4e0a\u7684\u7532\u57fa\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\u8fa8\u8b58\u54ea\u4e00\u80a1\u662f\u5728\u4fee\u6b63\u6642\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u65b0\u7684\u90a3\u80a1DNA\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u7532\u57fa\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u5b83\u80fd\u88ab\u8fa8\u8b58\u800c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u8655 \u2013 \u6709\u95dcDNA\u7684\u7532\u57fa\u5316 \u2013 \u83ab\u745e\u514b\u8207\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f91\u4ea4\u6703\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500bDNA\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u6578\u500b\u8aa4\u914d\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u7684Dam\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u9176\u4e5f\u7528\u4f86\u5728DNA\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u80a1\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u7532\u57fa\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\u59cb\u7d42\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u53ea\u4fee\u6b63\u6c92\u88ab\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u80a1DNA\u3002\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u8207\u9ea5\u745f\u68ee\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0cDNA\u300c\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc<\/em>\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728DNA\u8907\u88fd\u6642\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u914d\u7684\u5929\u7136\u4fee\u88dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7455\u75b5\u80a1\u4ecd\u5728\u672a\u88ab\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u800c\u88ab\u8a8d\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u83ab\u745e\u514b<\/strong> \u2013 \u95e1\u660e<\/strong>DNA<\/strong>\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc
\n<\/strong>\u5c0d\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u555f\u52d5\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c0d\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u63a5\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u9032\u884c\u9078\u6b96\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5916\u91cd\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4e4b\u9032\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u65bc1989\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u6b63\u5982\u6797\u9054\u723e\u548c\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u6642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5343\u500b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u88ab\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5c1a\u672a\u78ba\u77e5\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u80a1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8a8d\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8207\u7d30\u83cc\u76f8\u8f03\uff0cDNA\u7684\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u9084\u5177\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9a\u9084\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u7ba1\u63a7\u54ea\u4e00\u80a1\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u6b63 \u2013 \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u5728\u63a7\u7ba1\u4ecd\u5f85\u91d0\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

\"nobel<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/strong>\u4fee\u88dc\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5c0e\u81f4\u764c\u75c7
\n<\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u9e7c\u57fa\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u7dad\u8b77\u6211\u5011\u7684DNA\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u4e0a\u5343\u6b21\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u967d\u3001\u9999\u83f8\u7684\u7159\u9727\u3001\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5177\u57fa\u56e0\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5c0dDNA\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7684\u640d\u50b7\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u8b8a\u7570\u7684DNA\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc\u4fee\u5fa9\u6578\u5343\u500b\u8aa4\u914d\u3002\u82e5\u7121\u9019\u4e9b\u4fee\u88dc\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5c07\u6703\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u96f6\u4ef6\u5931\u9748\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u5c31\u6703\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fa9\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u640d\u58de\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8457\u8272\u6027\u4e7e\u76ae\u75c5(xeroderma pigmentosum<\/em>)\uff1b\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u6975\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u5728\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u967d\u5149\u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u76ae\u819a\u764c\u3002DNA\u8aa4\u914d\u4fee\u88dc\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u767c\u751f\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u5927\u8178\u764c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u764c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u4fee\u5fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6216\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u95dc\u9589\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u7684DNA\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u70ba\u4f55\u7d93\u5e38\u7a81\u8b8a\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u5316\u7642\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u66f4\u501a\u8cf4\u4ecd\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684DNA\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u904e\u5ea6\u640d\u50b7\u800c\u7d30\u80de\u5c07\u6703\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6b63\u4f01\u5716\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u5f31\u9ede\u4f86\u7814\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u6cbb\u764c\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u4e00\u500b\u6b98\u5b58\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u80fd\u6e1b\u7de9\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6b62\u764c\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u6291\u5236\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u4fee\u5fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662folaparib<\/em> (\u5965\u62c9\u5e15\u5c3c)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u75312015\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5011\u9032\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u633d\u6551\u751f\u547d\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u6216\u8005\u7528\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u9a45\u4f7f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5c07\u6703\u8d70\u5411\u4f55\u65b9\u2026\u4e00\u9ede\u904b\u6c23\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--\u8521\u860a\u660e\u65bc2015\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u516b\u65e5\u8b6f
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8b6f\u81ea\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u516c\u4f48\u7d66\u5927\u773e\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7a3f\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u53ef\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b98\u65b9\u7db2\u7ad9\u53d6\u5f97\uff1a
\nhttp:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/popular.html<\/a><\/p>\n

\u82e5\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u95b1\u8b80\u9032\u968e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8acb\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u7db2\u5740\u53d6\u5f97\uff1a
\nhttp:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/advanced.html<\/a><\/p>\n

*\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8b1d\u73fe\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5fb7\u5dde\u8fb2\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u653b\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u66f9\u4e00\u5141(\u62112008\u5e74\u7684\u5c08\u984c\u751f)\u71b1\u8840\u76f8\u633a\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u5c07\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u6587\u5316\u517c\u6821\u7a3f\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u570b\u5916\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u5de5DNA\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u5141\u5ba3\u7a31\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u4ee4\u4ed6\u767e\u611f\u4ea4\u96c6\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u611f\u8b1d\u73fe\u65bc\u672c\u7cfb\u674e\u5f18\u6587\u6559\u6388\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u653b\u8b80\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u6797\u5b87\u8ed2\u5e6b\u6211\u6821\u7a3f\uff1b\u9084\u8981\u611f\u8b1d\u8521\u660e\u8ed2\u5e6b\u5fd9\u5c07\u6b64\u6587\u653e\u4e0a\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u3002\u9644\u5e36\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u674e\u5f18\u6587\u6559\u6388\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u83ab\u745e\u514b\u57282013\u5e74\u4f86\u904e\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2a\u554f\u904e\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\uff1b\u6851\u8cc8\u723e\u5247\u57282012\u548c2014\u5e74\u5169\u5ea6\u4f86\u53f0\uff0c\u4e26\u9020\u8a2a\u904e\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u3002\u6797\u5b87\u8ed2\u4e5f\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u5006\u4f4d\u4f86\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u7279\u5225\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a31\u591a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u548c\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u918d\u9190\u704c\u9802\u3001\u8c41\u7136\u958b\u6717\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u5e78\u54c9\uff01\u5b87\u8ed2\u3002<\/p>\n

--\u672c\u6587\u8f09\u81eahttp:\/\/www.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/nobel\/2015.html<\/a>\u3000\u611f\u8b1d\u8521\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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