{"id":22577,"date":"2015-10-30T00:23:25","date_gmt":"2015-10-29T16:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22577"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:13:53","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:13:53","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e3%80%91%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e5%bf%83%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e6%99%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22577","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u98a8\u666f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u665a\u4e0a\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u9ede\u5931\u7720\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u7528\u6578\u7f8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50ac\u7720\u81ea\u5df1\u5165\u7761\u3002\u9589\u4e0a\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u5c0f\u7f8a\u4e00\u96bb\u63a5\u4e00\u96bb\u8df3\u904e\u77ee\u7c6c\u7b06\uff0c\u4e00\u96bb\u7f8a\u3001\u5169\u96bb\u7f8a\u3001\u4e09\u96bb\u7f8a\u2026\u2026 \u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\uff01\u5927\u5bb6\u771f\u7684\u90fd\u300c\u770b\u5230\u300d\u5c0f\u7f8a\u8df3\u904e\u7c6c\u7b06\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u5361\u901a\u4eba\u7269\u5544\u6728\u9ce5\u4f0d\u8fea(Woody
\u5361\u901a\u4eba\u7269\u5544\u6728\u9ce5\u4f0d\u8fea(Woody Woodpecker) \u57281946\u5e74\u7684\u77ed\u7247\u300c\u9b6f\u83bd\u99d5\u99db\u300d(The Reckless Driver)\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u8996\u529b\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002 \u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0cCopyright: Walter Lantz Productions, 1946.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9673\u7469<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u300d\u5c0f\u7f8a\u8df3\u904e\u7c6c\u7b06\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u500b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u300c\u5fc3\u4e4b\u773c\u300d(mind\u2019s eye)\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u827e\u514b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662(University of Exeter Medical School) \u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u8cfd\u66fc(Professor Adam Zeman)\u5728\u4eba\u6d77\u4e2d\u5c0b\u5c0b\u8993\u8993\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7665\u72c0\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5c07\u4e4b\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u300d(Aphantasia)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u56de2010\u5e74\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u8cfd\u66fc\u63a5\u53d7\u79d1\u666e\u96dc\u8a8c\u300a\u767c\u73fe\u300b(Discover)\u8a18\u8005\u5b63\u9ed8(Carl Zimmer)\u63a1\u8a2a\u6642\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d93\u624b\u904e\u4e00\u500b65\u6b72\u7537\u58eb\u5728\u624b\u8853\u5f8c\u5931\u53bb\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf(visual imagery)\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u520a\u51fa\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8ff4\u97ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u9023\u7d61\u8cfd\u66fc\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7665\u72c0\u3002\u6700\u8b93\u8cfd\u66fc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7665\u72c0\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u5929\u8166\u50b7\u6216\u662f\u751f\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u8cfd\u66fc\u4ee5\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9023\u7d61\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba3\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8acb\u4ed6\u5011\u586b\u5beb\u4e00\u4efd\u95dc\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4efd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u99ac\u514b\u65af(David Marks)\u65bc1973\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u751f\u52d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cf\u8868(Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, VVIQ)\u3002\u8cfd\u66fc\u6700\u5f8c\u6536\u523021\u500b\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684VVIQ\u91cf\u8868\u6307\u6578\u666e\u904d\u504f\u4f4e\u3001\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7537\u6027\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9032\u5165\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b78\u7d0d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u5377\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u7d50\u679c\u5f8c\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u65bc\u4eca\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u884c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u671f\u520aCortex<\/em>\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u7121\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63a8\u8ad6\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u548c\u5148\u5929\u81c9\u5b54\u5931\u8a8d\u75c7(congenital prosopagnosia)\u3001\u5171\u611f\u89ba(synaesthesia)\u7b49\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8cfd\u66fc\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5ee3\u64ad\u516c\u53f8(BBC)\u8a2a\u554f\u6642\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5(disorder)\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9ad8\u90542%\u7684\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4e2d\u770b\u4f3c\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u591a\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6027\u5225\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u73fe\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u5c45\u591a\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8490\u96c6\u66f4\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u62bd\u6a23\u6bcd\u9ad4\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u5728BBC\u8a2a\u8ac7\u6700\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u9806\u4fbf\u5fb5\u6c42\u6709\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u807d\u773e\u548c\u4ed6\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u65e9\u57281880\u5e74\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ad8\u723e\u9813(Francis Galton\uff0c1822\uff0d1911)\u5c31\u66fe\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u60f3\u50cf\u65e9\u9910\u5403\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u91cf\u5316\u4eba\u985e\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u5f9e\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u90fd\u6709\u300d\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9ad8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5920\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u9805\u6e2c\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u958b\u5553\u5f8c\u4e16\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u754c(\u53ca\u54f2\u5b78\u754c)\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u6fc0\u8faf\u2500\u2500\u50cf\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cf\u6e2c\u3001\u500b\u9ad4\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\u53ef\u5426\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u9760\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u9032\u884c\u601d\u8003\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9ad8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6700\u53d7\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u8a55\u91cf\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u6642\u4e0a\u904e\u65bc\u4f9d\u8cf4\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u89c0\u5831\u544a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u6642\u6703\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u5927\u54c9\u554f\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u8cfd\u66fc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u6bd4\u9ad8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u8b39\u5468\u5ef6\u7684VVIQ\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4f9d\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5916\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u9a57\u8b49\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u586b\u7b54\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8fea\u7dad\u6258(Stephanie di Vito)\u548c\u5df4\u6258\u7f85\u5bc6\u6b50(Paolo Bartolomeo) \u5728\u8cfd\u66fc\u548c\u540c\u50da\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u958b\u5f8c\u6578\u9031\u5f8c\uff0c\u65cb\u5373\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u91dd\u5c0d\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u5426\u767c\u8868\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u91d0\u6e05\u5c0e\u81f4\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u7f3a\u9677\u9084\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65b7\u8ad6\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u5c1a\u8a00\u4e4b\u904e\u65e9\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f8c\u5929\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u75c5\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u8996\u89ba\u5fc3\u50cf\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u5718\u968a\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u540c\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u8a3a\u65b7\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u6642\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u78ba\u5be6\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u4e00\u4f75\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4efd\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5011\u50c5\u4ee5\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u8207\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u8a3a\u65b7\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u5718\u968a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u78ba\u5be6\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u4e0d\u7b97\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u898b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e78\u798f\u7f8e\u6eff\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u7570\u72c0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u5275\u9020\u529b\u6709\u8af8\u591a\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u8cfd\u66fc\u5718\u968a\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\u91dd\u5c0d\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u505a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u62ab\u9732\u8cfd\u66fc\u5718\u968a\u7684\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8a18\u8005\u5b63\u9ed8\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u5728\u8b80\u8005\u5708\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831(The New York Times)\u520a\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c23\u8b93\u8cfd\u66fc\u5718\u968a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd1\u5343\u500b\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u81ea\u4e3b\u56de\u5831\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u66fe\u8aaa\u300c\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9760\u60f3\u50cf\u60c5\u666f\u9032\u884c\u601d\u8003(The soul never thinks without a mental picture) \u300d\u3002\u5fc3\u76f2\u75c7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. Gallagher, J. 2015. Aphantasia: A life without mental images. BBC News. 26 August 2015. http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-34039054
\n<\/a>2. de Vito, S., & Bartolomeo, P. (2015). Refusing to imagine? On the possibility of psychogenic aphantasia. A commentary on Zeman et al. (2015). Cortex. Jul 2. pii: S0010-9452(15)00216-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.013.
\n3. Schwitzgebel, E. (2011). Perplexities of consciousness. MIT press. 240pp.
\n4. Zeman, A., Dewar, M., & Della Sala, S. (2015). Lives without imagery\u2013congenital aphantasia. Cortex. Jun 3. pii: S0010-9452(15)00178-1. doi: 10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.05.019.
\n5. Zeman, A., Dewar, M., & Della Sala, S. (2015). Reflections on aphatasia. <\/a>Cortex. (in press)
\n6. Zimmer, C. 2015. Picture This? Some Just Can\u2019t.<\/a> New York Times. 22nd<\/sup> June 2015.<\/p>\n

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