{"id":22323,"date":"2015-09-09T00:33:46","date_gmt":"2015-09-08T16:33:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22323"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:11:04","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:11:04","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%b9%bd%e7%b4%9b%e7%94%9f%e6%85%8b%e3%80%91%e7%9e%b3%e5%ad%94%e6%a9%ab%e8%b1%8e%e5%a4%a7%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=22323","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7e7d\u7d1b\u751f\u614b\u3011\u77b3\u5b54\u6a6b\u8c4e\u5927\u4e0d\u540c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u5176\u751f\u614b\u68f2\u4f4d\uff08ecological niche\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\u8c4e\u77b3\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u52d5\u7269\u6355\u98df\uff0c\u800c\u6a6b\u77b3\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u52d5\u7269\u8eb2\u907f\u7375\u98df\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5e36\u7d66\u52d5\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5c0d\u7260\u5011\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u81f3\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22324\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22324\" style=\"width: 205px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/14631313.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22324\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/14631313.png\" alt=\"\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\uff08M.S. Banks et al. Science Advances. doi: 10.1126\/sciadv.1500391\uff09\" width=\"205\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/14631313.png 345w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/14631313-153x300.png 153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22324\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\uff08M.S. Banks et al. Science Advances. doi: 10.1126\/sciadv.1500391\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ec3\u8c9e\u7965<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u904e\u53bb\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u9577\u689d\u5f62\u77b3\u5b54\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9577\u689d\u5f62\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\u8207\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\u7684\u900f\u5149\u9762\u7a4d\u8b8a\u5316\u5e45\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u8b93\u665d\u591c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u66f4\u826f\u597d\u5730\u4f9d\u5149\u7dda\u8abf\u7bc0\u9032\u5149\u91cf\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u9577\u689d\u72c0\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u80fd\u5920\u589e\u52a0\u6a6b\u5411\u6216\u7e31\u5411\u8f2a\u5ed3\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u9084\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9577\u8457\u8c4e\u77b3\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u7684\u537b\u9577\u8457\u6a6b\u77b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u77ad\u89e3\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u7fd2\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5206\u6821\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Martin Banks\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u675c\u502b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Gordon D. Love\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d214\u7a2e\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u79d1\u7684\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u751f\u614b\u68f2\u4f4d\uff08\u6355\u98df\u8005\u8207\u88ab\u7375\u7269\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff08\u665d\u884c\u3001\u591c\u884c\u3001\u665d\u591c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\uff08\u5713\u5f62\u3001\u8fd1\u5713\u3001\u8c4e\u689d\u3001\u6a6b\u689d\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u7260\u5011\u7684\u751f\u614b\u68f2\u4f4d\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u986f\u8457\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7375\u7269\u7684\u98df\u8349\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u6591\u99ac\u5927\u90fd\u9577\u8457\u6a6b\u77b3\uff0c\u591c\u884c\u548c\u665d\u591c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4f0f\u64ca\u6355\u98df\u8005\u5982\u6591\u8c93\uff0c\u5247\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u8457\u8c4e\u77b3\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u665d\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u6355\u98df\u8005\u5982\u7375\u8c79\u5247\u6709\u8457\u5713\u5f62\u77b3\u5b54\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u6709\u4f55\u7368\u5230\u4e4b\u8655\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u6a21\u64ec\u5c0d\u8c4e\u77b3\u548c\u6a6b\u77b3\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u7279\u6027\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8c4e\u77b3\u8b93\u7269\u9ad4\u5728\u7e31\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u666f\u6df1\u6bd4\u6a6b\u5411\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c0d\u65bc\u8655\u5728\u7126\u9ede\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u7e31\u5411\u4e0a\u8981\u6bd4\u6a6b\u5411\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u666f\u6df1\u662f\u6307\u7126\u9ede\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u5728\u666f\u6df1\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u8f03\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5728\u666f\u6df1\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u5f8c\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5247\u8f03\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8c4e\u77b3\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u7acb\u9ad4\u8996\u89ba\u7522\u751f\u8f14\u52a9\uff0c\u8b93\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u96e2\u7126\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u7269\u9ad4\u5728\u6a6b\u5411\u4e0a\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u8c4e\u77b3\u5728\u4f0f\u64ca\u6355\u98df\u8005\u5982\u8c93\u548c\u86c7\u4e2d\u66f4\u70ba\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u7375\u7269\u5728\u72c0\u6cc1\u5916\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u51c6\u78ba\u5730\u4f30\u8a08\u7375\u7269\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u6a6b\u77b3\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7375\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u7260\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5927\u591a\u9577\u5728\u982d\u90e8\u5169\u5074\uff0c\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u53ef\u4ee5\u76e1\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u8996\u89ba\u76f2\u5340\u3002\u8207\u8c4e\u77b3\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6a6b\u77b3\u65e2\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u7260\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u5168\u666f\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u6e2c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u906d\u9047\u6355\u98df\u8005\u8ffd\u8d95\u800c\u5954\u8dd1\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u6e96\u78ba\u5224\u65b7\u5730\u5f62\u5feb\u901f\u843d\u8dd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7f8a\u4f4e\u8457\u982d\u5403\u8349\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u6703\u8f49\u7d0450\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6a6b\u77b3\u548c\u5730\u9762\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8349\u98df\u6027\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u99ac\u3001\u7f9a\u7f8a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u65cb\u8f49\u773c\u7403\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4f4e\u982d\u5403\u8349\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u5f9e\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8ddf\u7345\u5b50\u3001\u8001\u864e\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad4\u578b\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u767d\u665d\u4e3b\u52d5\u51fa\u64ca\uff0c\u77b3\u5b54\u5c31\u9010\u6f38\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5713\u5f62\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f80\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u6216\u6c34\u5e73\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u751f\u614b\u4f4d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u5929\u64c7\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fd7\u7a31\u9f8d\u8c93\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u6817\u9f20\u662f\u8349\u98df\u6027\u7684\u4f46\u537b\u6709\u8457\u8c4e\u77b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9577\u8457\u6a6b\u77b3\u7684\u72d0\u7374\u537b\u662f\u7375\u98df\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u58c1\u864e\u77b3\u5b54\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u5e73\u56db\u500b\u5c0f\u5b54\u3001\u70cf\u8cca\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\u5448W\u72c0\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u86d9\u985e\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5448\u5fc3\u5f62\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u9c29\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u662f\u534a\u6708\u5f62\u2026\u2026\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72c0\u77b3\u5b54\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/56IIlZQQfa8\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nM.S. Banks et al. Why do animal eyes have pupils of different shapes? Science Advances. Published online August 7, 2015. doi: 10.1126\/sciadv.1500391.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n1. Stephanie Pappas.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/51787-why-cats-have-vertical-pupils.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Why Cats Have Vertical Pupils. Live Science.<\/a> August 07, 2015.<br \/>\n2. SARAH SCHWARTZ. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/power-pupils-their-shape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Power of pupils is in their shape.<\/a> Science News. AUGUST 7, 2015.<br \/>\n3. Tim Radford. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2015\/aug\/07\/eye-shape-reveals-whether-an-animal-is-predator-or-prey-new-study-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eye shape reveals whether an animal is predator or prey, new study shows.<\/a> The Guardian. 7 August 2015.<br \/>\n4. Nell Greenfieldboyce. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2015\/08\/07\/430149677\/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eye Shapes Of The Animal World Hint At Differences In Our Lifestyles.<\/a> NPR. AUGUST 07, 2015.<br \/>\n5. NICHOLAS ST. FLEUR. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/08\/08\/science\/eye-shape-may-help-distinguish-predator-from-prey.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eye Shape May Help Distinguish Predator From Prey<\/a>. The New York Times. AUG. 7, 2015.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>--<\/strong><\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\" \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9ec3\u8c9e\u7965 \u73fe\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u64d4\u4efb\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u767c\u80b2 \u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u5176\u751f\u614b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":22324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,26],"tags":[141,1139,57,2092,412,1590],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/14631313.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22323"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32339,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22323\/revisions\/32339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}