{"id":21678,"date":"2015-06-09T09:00:18","date_gmt":"2015-06-09T01:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21678"},"modified":"2023-06-06T15:16:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T07:16:08","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%b2%99%e9%be%8d%e3%80%91%e6%b0%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b-%e5%93%88%e6%9f%8f%e6%b3%95%e8%a3%bd%e6%b0%a8%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%bd%b1%e9%9f%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21678","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u6c2e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u88fd\u6c28\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u7d66\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u6c2e\u80a5\u7522\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u80fd\u6709\u9577\u8db3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6210\u9577\u4e5f\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u554f\u4e16\u7684\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u56e0\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e36\u4f86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u56de\u9867\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u8ddf\u5f8c\u7e8c\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c11\u501f\u93e1\u8207\u555f\u793a\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ma89WkoxNas\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb \u725f\u4e2d\u539f\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5 (Haber process) \u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u9ad8\u58d3\uff08\u651d\u6c0f 400 \u5ea6\uff0c 200 \u5927\u6c23\u58d3\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6c2e\u6c23\u8ddf\u6c2b\u6c23\u4ee5 1:3 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6c28\u6c23\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c2e\u8ddf\u6c2b\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u8b8a\u6210\u6c28\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6c2e\u8ddf\u6c2b\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c28\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u662f\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u5728\u51b7\u51dd\u5668\u4e2d\u51b7\u537b\u6db2\u5316\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5c07\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u516c\u53f8 BASF \u7684\u5361\u723e\u00b7\u535a\u65bd (Carl Bosch) \u3002\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u7528\u505a\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u7684\u92e8\u662f\u8d85\u7d1a\u7a00\u6709\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c BASF \u5230\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u5230\u8655\u641c\u522e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u8cb7\u5230\u5341\u5e7e\u516c\u65a4\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u7528\u50f9\u503c\uff1b\u535a\u65bd\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8a66\u904e\u4e86\u5169\u842c\u591a\u7a2e\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u9435\u3001\u92c1\u3001\u9223\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5291\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\u6613\u5f97\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5230\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u8457\u5be6\u662f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c28\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u6c2e\u80a5\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u8fb2\u696d\u7684\u6c2e\u80a5\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u7d30\u83cc\u8ddf\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u56fa\u6c2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7cde\u4fbf\u5806\u80a5\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u6c2e\u80a5\u7522\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\uff0c\u5728\u79d8\u9b6f\u5916\u6d77\u5cf6\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u5145\u4f5c\u6c2e\u80a5\u7684\u9ce5\u7cde\u6642\uff0c\u6316\u9ce5\u7cde\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u884c\u696d\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c2e\u80a5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u7372\u5f97\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u808c\u8089\u548c\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6c2e\u90fd\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u6240\u88fd\u7684\u6c2e\u80a5\u3002\u77e5\u540d\u79d1\u6280\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u74e6\u514b\u96f7\uff0e\u53f2\u5bc6\u723e (Vaclav Smil) \u66fe\u7d93\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e 1900 \u5e74\u7684 16 \u5104\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u5230 2014 \u5e74\u7684 70 \u5104\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fa6\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u6bd4\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ddf\u6c2e\u80a5\u7684\u6210\u9577\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u4e5f\u5448\u73fe\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6210\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c28\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u6c2e\u80a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u900f\u904e\u5967\u58eb\u83ef\u6cd5 (Ostwald process) \u88fd\u6210\u785d\u9178\u6c28\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u706b\u85e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u5f9e\u9ed1\u706b\u85e5\u3001\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u5230\u9ec3\u8272\u70b8\u85e5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u5a01\u529b\u5f37\u5927\u53c8\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u706b\u85e5\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5148\u524d\u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u6700\u597d\u7684\u706b\u85e5\u662f\u785d\u77f3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u963f\u5361\u5854\u99ac\u6c99\u6f20\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u785d\u9178\u9209\u7926\u77f3\u3002\u667a\u5229\u70ba\u4e86\u722d\u596a\u7926\u5834\u8ddf\u73bb\u5229\u7dad\u4e9e\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4ed7\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u6709\u81e8\u6d77\u7684\u73bb\u5229\u7dad\u4e9e\u5f9e\u6b64\u6210\u4e86\u5167\u9678\u570b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u6240\u7528\u7684\u706b\u85e5\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4e5f\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u9019\u6279\u667a\u5229\u785d\u77f3\u3002\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c28\uff0c\u70ba\u5967\u58eb\u83ef\u6cd5\u88fd\u9020\u785d\u9178\u6c28\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6c28\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u62ff\u53bb\u505a\u6210\u70b8\u85e5\u6bba\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u9593\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u54c8\u67cf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90a3\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6c28\uff0c\u7e3d\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u53bb\u505a\u6210\u6c2e\u80a5\u4e86\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u9810\u4f30\u589e\u9577\u4e0d\u6703\u8d85\u904e 10 \u5104\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\u7684\u6c2e\u80a5\u652f\u6490\u4e0b\uff0c\u537b\u591a\u990a\u4e86\u4e09\u500d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u9577\u7387\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u9ad8\u7684\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7528\u6c2e\u80a5\u9593\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8089\u985e\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e00\u6a23\u6276\u6416\u76f4\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u904e\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u9020\u6c2e\u80a5\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u7269\u6c92\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u7684\u6c2e\u80a5\u6d41\u5165\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6d77\u6d0b\u6e56\u6cca\u512a\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6c92\u6709\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5920\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u300c\u6b7b\u5340\u300d\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4eba\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u9577\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u8981\u591a\u7559\u610f\u79d1\u6280\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u59cb\u6599\u672a\u53ca\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u7d66\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u6c2e\u80a5\u7522\u91cf\u6709\u9650<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":28978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6703,1750,32,3293,6443],"tags":[1947,1284,1946,1834,1559],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/\u4e0b\u8f09.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21678"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21678"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42321,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21678\/revisions\/42321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}