{"id":21649,"date":"2015-07-02T00:31:43","date_gmt":"2015-07-01T16:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21649"},"modified":"2018-08-01T15:57:46","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T07:57:46","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%e3%80%91%e3%80%8c%e5%be%b7%e5%9c%8b%e9%81%94%e7%88%be%e6%96%87%e3%80%8d%e6%81%a9%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%ef%bd%a5%e9%bb%91%e5%85%8b%e7%88%be%e2%94%80%e2%94%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21649","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u7269\u3011\u300c\u5fb7\u570b\u9054\u723e\u6587\u300d\u6069\u65af\u7279\uff65\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u2500\u2500\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u8c6c\u968a\u53cb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u6069\u65af\u7279\uff65\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u662f\u300c\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u767c\u660e\u4eba\u3001\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u99b3\u540d\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3001\u9054\u723e\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u6b7b\u5fe0\u7c89\u7d72\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u53cd\u800c\u5c0d\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u656c\u800c\u9060\u4e4b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21650\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21650\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21650\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/01.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u6069\u65af\u7279\uff65\u9ed1\u514b\u723e(Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel, 1834\uff0d1919)\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7562\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63d0\u5021\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5176\u8b2c\u8aa4\u767e\u51fa\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u53cd\u800c\u8b93\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u8499\u4e0a\u4e00\u66fe\u9670\u5f71\u3002\u76f8\u7247\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u4f69\u8b1d\u5fb7(Nicola Perscheid)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002\" width=\"338\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/01.png 508w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/01-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21650\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u6069\u65af\u7279\uff65\u9ed1\u514b\u723e(Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel, 1834\uff0d1919)\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7562\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63d0\u5021\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5176\u8b2c\u8aa4\u767e\u51fa\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u53cd\u800c\u8b93\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u8499\u4e0a\u4e00\u66fe\u9670\u5f71\u3002\u76f8\u7247\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u4f69\u8b1d\u5fb7(Nicola Perscheid)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9673\u7469<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u6cd5\u570b\u5df2\u7d93\u5802\u5802\u9032\u5165\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u570b\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fb2\u6751\u5c0f\u90a6\u6797\u7acb\u5404\u81ea\u70ba\u653f\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u751f\u5728\u5bb6\u5883\u9084\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\uff0c\u559c\u6b61\u7e6a\u756b\u548c\u89c0\u5bdf\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u8208\u8da3\u6b78\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5ff5\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u9806\u8457\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u9078\u64c7\u4e3b\u4fee\u91ab\u5b78\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u4e5f\u57f7\u696d\u4e86\u6578\u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u600e\u6a23\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u4e0d\u4e0b\u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u71b1\u611b\uff0c25\u6b72\u6642\u6bc5\u7136\u653e\u4e0b\u624d\u6b63\u8981\u8d77\u98db\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u8036\u62ff\u5927\u5b78(Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena)\u653b\u8b80\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u6191\u8457\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u6280\u8853\u548c\u7e6a\u5716\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u57281861\u5e74\u9806\u5229\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u9694\u5e74\u65cb\u5373\u7372\u5f97\u5728\u6bcd\u6821\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u526f\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c\u5373\u5347\u70ba\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6b64\u5f8c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u6642\u6709\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u540d\u5927\u5b78\u9080\u7d04\u8f49\u4efb\uff0c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u96e2\u958b\u8036\u62ff\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u76f8\u7576\u5d07\u62dc\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8a69\u4eba\u6b4c\u5fb7(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u2500\u7562\u7adf\u8036\u62ff\u5728\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u6b4c\u5fb7\u7684\u6545\u5c45\u5a01\u746a(Weimar)\uff0c\u8036\u62ff\u5927\u5b78\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u662f\u6b4c\u5fb7\u548c\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5e2d\u52d2(Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller)\u76f8\u9047\u76f8\u77e5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u665a\u5e74\u5beb\u7d66\u7d05\u7c89\u77e5\u5df1\u8299\u5217\u9054(Frida von Uslar-Gleichen)\u7684\u66f8\u4fe1\u88e1\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u4ee5\u6b4c\u5fb7\u7684\u5c0f\u540d\u6c83\u592b\u5ca1(Wolfgang)\u7f72\u540d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u7aba\u898b\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u672c\u8eab\u5c0d\u6b4c\u5fb7\u61f7\u62b1\u8457\u4f55\u7b49\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\uff0c\u6b4c\u5fb7\u5f0f\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u7576\u6642\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u793e\u7fa4\u88e1\u76f8\u7576\u53d7\u5230\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u601d\u6f6e\u5f37\u8abf\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u8a9e\u6587\u5316\u5340\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u6280\u8853\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u8173\u6b65\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u843d\u5f8c\u82f1\u570b\u6cd5\u570b\u7b49\u7b49\u9130\u570b\uff0c\u8b93\u5305\u62ec\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u5728\u5167\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6182\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u61f7\u62b1\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u71b1\u5207\u5730\u4f01\u76fc\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u76db\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u5c0d\u300c\u7d71\u4e00\u300d\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u548c\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eab\u7be4\u4fe1\u5408\u4e00\u8ad6(monism)\u76f8\u4e92\u547c\u61c9\u3002\u5408\u4e00\u8ad6\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc17\u4e16\u7d00\u7336\u592a\u88d4\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u65af\u8cd3\u8afe\u838e(Benedict de Spinoza)\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b87\u5b99\u81ea\u7136\u842c\u7269\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u795e\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u767c\u751f\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u5c31\u5b87\u5b99\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5728\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u88e1\u6697\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u6cd5\u5247\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u5957\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u80fd\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5370\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7121\u7591\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u5fe0\u5be6\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u9060\u8d74\u82f1\u570b\u89aa\u81ea\u62dc\u8a2a\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u92b7\u7684\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u9054\u723e\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u3001\u62c9\u99ac\u514b(Jean-Baptiste Lamarck)\u7528\u9032\u5ee2\u9000\u8aaa\u548c\u6b4c\u5fb7\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5947\u5999\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6027\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u5929\u64c7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6703\u6c70\u9078\u51fa\u8b8a\u7570\u5b8c\u6210\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u53c8\u6703\u518d\u7d93\u6b77\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6c70\u9078\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7269\u7a2e\u8da8\u5411\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u9054\u723e\u6587\u904d\u5c0b\u4e0d\u8457\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u89aa\u7de3\u91cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6(\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u80da\u80ce\u91cd\u6f14\u5f8b\uff0dRecapitulation Theory)\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21651\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21651\" style=\"width: 492px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21651\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/02.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u89aa\u7de3\u91cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u70ba\u7c97\u7565\u5283\u5206\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u52d5\u7269\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u7e31\u5411\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u5225\u662f\u9b5a\u3001\u8811\u8788\u3001\u9678\u9f9c\u3001\u96de\u3001\u8c6c\u3001\u725b\u3001\u5154\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u6703\u91cd\u6f14\u904e\u53bb\u7956\u5148\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u300c\u9ad8\u7b49\u300d\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u521d\u671f\u6703\u91cd\u6f14\u300c\u4f4e\u7b49\u300d\u52d5\u7269\u767c\u80b2\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u8aaa\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u4e0d\u8d77\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u8003\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6578\u5e74\u5167\u5c31\u88ab\u675f\u4e4b\u9ad8\u95a3\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002\" width=\"492\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/02.png 492w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/02-300x262.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21651\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u89aa\u7de3\u91cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u70ba\u7c97\u7565\u5283\u5206\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u52d5\u7269\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u7e31\u5411\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u5225\u662f\u9b5a\u3001\u8811\u8788\u3001\u9678\u9f9c\u3001\u96de\u3001\u8c6c\u3001\u725b\u3001\u5154\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u6703\u91cd\u6f14\u904e\u53bb\u7956\u5148\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u300c\u9ad8\u7b49\u300d\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u521d\u671f\u6703\u91cd\u6f14\u300c\u4f4e\u7b49\u300d\u52d5\u7269\u767c\u80b2\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u8aaa\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u4e0d\u8d77\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u8003\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6578\u5e74\u5167\u5c31\u88ab\u675f\u4e4b\u9ad8\u95a3\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u81ea\u4fe1\u904e\u5269\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6beb\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7a2e\u548c\u733f\u7334\u4e00\u6a23\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5c6c\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7a2e\u5247\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9032\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u82e5\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4eba\u7a2e\u56e0\u70ba\u7af6\u722d\u4e0d\u904e\u6b50\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u800c\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5929\u64c7\u4e0b\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u6b64\u822c\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u9023\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u539f\u5275\u4eba\u9054\u723e\u6587\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u8d6b\u58fb\u9ece(Thomas Henry Huxley)\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u82df\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u66a2\u92b7\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u537b\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9054\u723e\u6587\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u70ba20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u4e16\u754c\u8a8d\u8b58\u9054\u723e\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u512a\u751f\u5b78(eugenics)\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21652\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21652\" style=\"width: 553px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21652\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/03.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u4e09\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u66a2\u92b7\u4f5c\u300c\u5275\u4e16\u81ea\u7136\u53f2(Nat\u00fcrliche Sch\u00f6pfungsgeschichte)\u300d\u7684\u9644\u5716\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u6b64\u5716\u8868\u9054\u5404\u7a2e\u733f\u7334(\u5de6\u5e45)\u548c\u4eba\u7a2e(\u53f3\u5e45)\u5f9e\u5916\u5f62\u5c31\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u300c\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u733f\u7334\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u300c\u7269\u7a2e(species)\u300d\uff0c \u8a8d\u70ba\u6108\u4e0d\u6a23\u733f\u7334\u7684\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8(\u53f3\u5e45\u53f3\u4e0a)\uff0c\u6108\u50cf\u733f\u7334\u7684\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c31\u6108\u4f4e(\u53f3\u5e45\u5de6\u4e0b)\u3002\u4ee5\u4eca\u65e5\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u56de\u9867\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\u6beb\u7121\u79d1\u5b78\u6839\u64da\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u9019\u5f35\u9644\u5716\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u539f\u6587\u7684\u7248\u672c\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5169\u6b3e\u82f1\u8b6f\u672c\u4e2d\u7686\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7db2\u7ad9Strange Science (Public domain)\u3002\" width=\"553\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/03.png 553w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/03-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e09\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u66a2\u92b7\u4f5c\u300c\u5275\u4e16\u81ea\u7136\u53f2(Nat\u00fcrliche Sch\u00f6pfungsgeschichte)\u300d\u7684\u9644\u5716\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u6b64\u5716\u8868\u9054\u5404\u7a2e\u733f\u7334(\u5de6\u5e45)\u548c\u4eba\u7a2e(\u53f3\u5e45)\u5f9e\u5916\u5f62\u5c31\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u300c\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u733f\u7334\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u300c\u7269\u7a2e(species)\u300d\uff0c \u8a8d\u70ba\u6108\u4e0d\u6a23\u733f\u7334\u7684\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8(\u53f3\u5e45\u53f3\u4e0a)\uff0c\u6108\u50cf\u733f\u7334\u7684\u9032\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c31\u6108\u4f4e(\u53f3\u5e45\u5de6\u4e0b)\u3002\u4ee5\u4eca\u65e5\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u56de\u9867\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\u6beb\u7121\u79d1\u5b78\u6839\u64da\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u9019\u5f35\u9644\u5716\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u539f\u6587\u7684\u7248\u672c\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5169\u6b3e\u82f1\u8b6f\u672c\u4e2d\u7686\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7db2\u7ad9Strange Science (Public domain)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u9ad4\u89aa\u7de3\u91cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u81ea\u59cb\u81ea\u7d42\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4f9d\u64da\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f50\u8b49\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u8a8d\u540c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u50cf\u4ed6\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0e\u5e2b\u3001\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u540d\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5a01\u723e\u562f(Rudolf Virchow)\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u516c\u958b\u6279\u8a55\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7121\u6191\u7121\u64da\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u9019\u5957\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u8ad6\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6191\u85c9\u8457\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6b0a\u5a01\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e58\u8457\u5f37\u8abf\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u9f13\u52d5\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u751f\u7269\u5b78 (Politics is applied biology)\u300d\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u66f4\u662f\u5ee3\u53d7\u7d0d\u7cb9\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e74\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee585\u6b72\u9ad8\u9f61\u75c5\u901d\u65bc\u8036\u62ff\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7136(Nature)\u3001\u67f3\u8449\u5200(Lancet)\u7b49\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u7d1b\u7d1b\u65bc\u7576\u671f\u520a\u51fa\u77ed\u6587\u60bc\u5ff5\u9019\u4f4d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6578\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5b78\u8aaa\u5c31\u88ab\u958b\u59cb\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u6240\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6f38\u6f38\u6de1\u51fa\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u3002\u5f14\u8a6d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u614b\u5b78(ecology)\u3001\u89aa\u7de3\u8b5c\u7cfb(phylogeny)\u3001\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f(ontogeny)\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\/\u6f14\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u65e5\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\u800c\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u56de\u9867\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u754c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u6ce2\u703e\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u5f8c\u7e8c\u727d\u9023\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u8aaa\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u6015\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u8c6c\u4e00\u6a23\u8d8a\u5e6b\u8d8a\u5fd9\u7684\u968a\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21653\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21653\" style=\"width: 483px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21653\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/04.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u56db\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u624b\u7e6a\u6c34\u6bcd\u5716\u7a3f\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u4f54\u64da\u6700\u5927\u7248\u9762\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u6c34\u6bcd\u70baDesmonema Annasethe (=Cyanea annasethe) \uff0c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u65e9\u901d\u7684\u59bb\u5b50Anna Sethe\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u672c\u8eab\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u3002\u6b64\u5716\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u9ed1\u514b\u723e1904\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u767e\u614b(Kunstformen der Natur)\u300d\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002\" width=\"483\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/04.png 483w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/04-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21653\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u56db\uff1a\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u624b\u7e6a\u6c34\u6bcd\u5716\u7a3f\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u4f54\u64da\u6700\u5927\u7248\u9762\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u6c34\u6bcd\u70baDesmonema Annasethe (=Cyanea annasethe) \uff0c\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u4ee5\u65e9\u901d\u7684\u59bb\u5b50Anna Sethe\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u672c\u8eab\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u3002\u6b64\u5716\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u9ed1\u514b\u723e1904\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u767e\u614b(Kunstformen der Natur)\u300d\u3002\u5716\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 (Public domain)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n1. Anonymous. 1919. Ernst Haeckel. Nature 2599: 487\u2013488.<br \/>\n2. Breidbach, O. 2006. Visions of Nature: The Art and Science of Ernst Haeckel. Prestel. Munich, Germany. 320pp.<br \/>\n3. Gould, S. J. 1977. Ever Since Darwin. Reflections in Natural History. W.W. Norton and Company Inc. New York, USA. 285pp.<br \/>\n4. Jacobson, E. P. 2005. From Cosmology to Ecology. The Monist World-View in Germany from 1770-1930. Peter Lang AG, European Academic Publishers, Bern, Germany. 401pp.<br \/>\n5. Marks, J.2012. Why be against Darwin? Creationism, racism, and the roots of anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149: 95\u2013104.<br \/>\n6. MBLWHOI Library. 2006. Ernest Haeckel: Art Forms in Nature. <a href=\"http:\/\/legacy.mblwhoilibrary.org\/haeckel\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/legacy.mblwhoilibrary.org\/haeckel\/index.html<br \/>\n<\/a>7. Sommerey, C. 2014. \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.shellsandpebbles.com\/2014\/08\/04\/illegal-science-the-case-of-ernst-haeckel-1834-1919-and-german-biology-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Illegal Science\u2019 \u2013 the case of Ernst Haeckel (1834\u20131919) and German biology education.<\/a>Published in the blog <em>Shells and Pebbles.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>--<\/strong><\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\" \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u7469\u3000\u81fa\u5927\u751f\u614b\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u73fe\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u5fb7\u502b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5c31\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u3001\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u70ba\u8ad6\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u73fe\u70ba\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u6069\u65af\u7279\uff65\u9ed1\u514b\u723e\u662f\u300c\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u767c\u660e\u4eba<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":21650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,1042],"tags":[1523,1937,14,1547,1936],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/01.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21649"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32297,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649\/revisions\/32297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}