{"id":21152,"date":"2015-04-08T00:39:40","date_gmt":"2015-04-07T16:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21152"},"modified":"2023-06-06T15:17:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T07:17:46","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%b2%99%e9%be%8d%e3%80%91%e8%99%9b%e5%b9%bb%e4%b9%8e%ef%bc%9f%e7%9c%9f%e5%af%a6%e4%b9%8e%ef%bc%9f%ef%bc%8d%e8%ab%87%e8%99%9b%e6%95%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%b9%bb%e8%88%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=21152","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u865b\u5e7b\u4e4e\uff1f\u771f\u5be6\u4e4e\uff1f\uff0d\u8ac7\u865b\u6578\u7684\u5e7b\u8207\u771f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u300c\u9023\u7d50\u5be6\u6578\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u865b\u6578\u3002\u300d\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u96c5\u514b\uff0e\u963f\u9054\u99ac (Jacques Hadamard) \u7684\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u865b\u6578\u7684\u6f14\u9032\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n9cMg0e8KBw\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb \u8521\u5b9c\u6d35\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u4e8c\u6b21\u8ddf\u4e09\u6b21\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u221a-1 \u3001\u221a-2 \u9019\u4e9b\u5e36\u8ca0\u6578\u7684\u6839\u865f\uff1b\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u8aaa\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u662f\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u66f4\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8aaa\u9019\u7a2e\u6578\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u5b57\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u5b83\u5011\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7576\u6210\u5be6\u6578\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u592a\u5927\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u66f4\u767c\u73fe\u82e5\u662f\u7528\u4e0a\u865b\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u8ddf\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578\u4e32\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u4fd0\u843d\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u7a4d\u5206\u554f\u984c\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u67ef\u897f (Augustin-Louis Cauchy) \u7528\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4ee3\u6578\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7406\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u5143\u8907\u4fc2\u6578\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u6578\u6839\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u865b\u6578\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u6db5\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0e\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u6db5\u800c\u4e14\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ad8\u65af ()Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u865b\u6578\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u60f3\u8981\u4e0d\u7528\u865b\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u4ee3\u6578\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u537b\u4e3b\u5f35\u865b\u6578\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u8ddf\u5be6\u6578\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u865b\u6578\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u865b\u6578\u6709\u5176\u96b1\u6666\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u865b\u6578\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u67ef\u897f\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u865b\u6578\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u4fbf\u65bc\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u540c\u610f\u9ad8\u65af\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u9ad8\u65af\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5f8c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u8ac7\u8ad6\u9ad8\u65af\u4ee5\u5e7e\u4f55\u89c0\u9ede\u770b\u5f85\u865b\u6578\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u865b\u6578\u9664\u4e86\u6210\u70ba\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u8cbc\u8fd1\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u756b\u5730\u5716\u3002\u756b\u5730\u5716\u6709\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5730\u5716\u662f\u5e73\u9762\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u662f\u7403\u9762\uff08\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u985e\u7403\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u96e3\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u7528\u7403\u9762\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u756b\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8ddd\uff08\u5730\u5716\u8ddd\u96e2\u5c0d\u61c9\u73fe\u5be6\u8ddd\u96e2\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u89d2\uff08\u5730\u5716\u65b9\u4f4d\u5c0d\u61c9\u73fe\u5be6\u65b9\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u8d77\u78bc\u822a\u6d77\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u8d70\u932f\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u9ad8\u65af\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u66f2\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u51fa\u4fdd\u89d2\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u8907\u6578\u8ddf\u8907\u8b8a\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u865b\u6578\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5462\uff1f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u82e5\u662f\u628a x-y \u8ef8\u5e73\u9762\u8907\u6578\u5316\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a y \u8ef8\u8996\u70ba\u865b\u6578\u8ef8\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ece\u66fc (Bernhard Riemann) \u66f4\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u5f9e\u5e73\u9762\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u66f2\u9762\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u900f\u904e\u8907\u6578\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u66f2\u9762\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u5e7e\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u9ece\u66fc\u9762\u300d (Riemann surface) \uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u4eba\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u865b\u6578\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u865b\u6578\uff0c\u5230\u70ba\u865b\u6578\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u627e\u51fa\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u3002\u4ee5\u865b\u6578\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u66f2\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u8907\u6578\u5316\u9019\u500b\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u66f2\u9762\u5730\u7403\u756b\u6210\u5e73\u9762\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u89d2\u7684\u300c\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d\u3002\u865b\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5c31\u638c\u63e1\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5f9e\u865b\u6578\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e86\u900f\u4e26\u975e\u6211\u5011\u6771\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a 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