{"id":20944,"date":"2015-03-24T00:56:38","date_gmt":"2015-03-23T16:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20944"},"modified":"2018-08-01T14:47:40","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T06:47:40","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%8f%e5%b0%8f%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e3%80%91%e9%83%bd%e5%b8%82%e7%9a%84%e5%be%ae%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%9c%b0%e5%9c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20944","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c0f\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u3011\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5730\u5716"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_20945\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20945\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20945\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_01.jpg\" alt=\"\u5047\u55ae\u80de\u83cc\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u70ba\u7da0\u81bf\u687f\u83ccPseudomonas aeruginosa\uff09 \u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki\" width=\"430\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_01.jpg 800w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_01-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_01-600x398.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20945\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5047\u55ae\u80de\u83cc\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u70ba\u7da0\u81bf\u687f\u83ccPseudomonas aeruginosa\uff09<br \/> \u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u7da0\u8212<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5e02\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a2e\u7d30\u83cc\uff1f\u5728Jared Diamond\u7684\u300a\u69cd\u7832\u3001\u75c5\u83cc\u8207\u92fc\u9435\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7fa4\u805a\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u6eab\u5e8a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u662f\u8eab\u4e0a\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u88ab\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u5e36\u53bb\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u8a71\u3001\u54b3\u55fd\u3001\u6253\u5674\u568f\u3001\u6293\u982d\u3001\u6414\u7662\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u9001\u51fa\u9ad4\u5916\uff0c\u964d\u843d\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5468\u906d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u5011\u78b0\u89f8\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5c07\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5e36\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u80fd\u6e90\u5c40\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4f4f\u5230\u98ef\u5e97\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u516d\u5c0f\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f54\u9818\u98ef\u5e97\u7684\u623f\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u5730\u9435\u7ad9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f2\u5766\u9813\u5cf6\u9435\u8def(Staten Island Railway)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caGowanus\u904b\u6cb3\u8207\u56db\u500b\u516c\u5712\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u53d7\u5230\u73ca\u8fea\u98b6\u98a8\u4fb5\u8972\u5f8c\u5c1a\u672a\u958b\u653e\u7684\u5730\u9435\u7ad9\u9032\u884c\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u300c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u666e\u67e5\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u6b64\u9084\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u500bApp\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8b93\u6bcf\u4f4d\u9032\u884c\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u5fd7\u5de5\u5b78\u751f\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9032\u884c\u62ed\u5b50\u6e2c\u8a66(Swab test\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u6642\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3001\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u62cd\u7167\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u62ff\u8457\u68c9\u82b1\u68d2\u5728\u5730\u9435\u8eca\u5ec2\u3001\u8eca\u7ad9\u5167\u90e8\u64e6\u5440\u64e6\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5be6\u5728\u883b\u53ef\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5fd7\u5de5\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u5730\u9435\u8b66\u5bdf\u8b77\u9001\u51fa\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u6574\u500b\u7d10\u7d04\u6700\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u660e\u751f\u7269\uff08unknown organism\uff09\uff0c\u4f54\u7e3d\u9ad4\u768448.3%\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u8a1d\u7570\uff0c2013\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\uff0c\u670925%-62%\u7684DNA\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u672a\u77e5\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6389\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u4f54\u6700\u591a(46.93%)\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u662f\uff1a\u5047\u55ae\u80de\u83cc\u5c6c\u7684<em>Pseudomonas stutezi<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u5c6c(<em>Enterobacter)<\/em>\u8207\u5be1\u990a\u55ae\u80de\u83cc\u5c6c(<em>Stenotrophomonas)<\/em>\u9019\u5169\u5c6c\u7d30\u83cc\u3002\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u51fa\u5165\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9ede\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u6642\u4ee3\u5ee3\u5834\u7ad9\u8207\u4e2d\u592e\u8eca\u7ad9\u5c45\u51a0\u3002\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9ede\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8a08\u756b(Human Microbiome Project)\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u82e5\u4ee5\u4f86\u81ea\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u4f86\u5206\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4f86\u81ea\u5e7e\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\uff1a\u76ae\u819a\u3001\u8178\u9053\u8207\u6ccc\u5c3f\u9053\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u8981\u6389\u843d\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u842c\u500b\u76ae\u819a\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u6b7b\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91d1\u9ec3\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc<em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>\uff09\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u9053\u4e5f\u6709\u627e\u5230\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u7d04\u4f54\u7e3d\u9ad4\u91cf\u76840.032%\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4ee5\u70ba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u611f\u5192\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u90a3\u60a8\u5c31\u932f\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4(bacteriophage)\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u4e5f\u9817\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5403\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u591a\u53cd\u800c\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u591a\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u662fphiX174(\u03a6X174)\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u5c6c\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u70ba\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20946\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20946\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20946\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/PhiX174.jpg\" alt=\"phiX174\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki\" width=\"450\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/PhiX174.jpg 681w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/PhiX174-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20946\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">phiX174\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u662f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5be6\u8805(<em>Ceratitis capitata)<\/em>\u8207\u5c71\u677e\u7532\u87f2(<em>Dendroctonus ponderosae<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u87d1\u8782\u5728NCBI\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c71\u677e\u7532\u87f2\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u87d1\u8782\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f54\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20947\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20947\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20947\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Fly_October_2008-4.jpg\" alt=\"\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5be6\u8805\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki\" width=\"450\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Fly_October_2008-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Fly_October_2008-4-300x233.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20947\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5be6\u8805\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\u5462\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u9084\u662f\u6709\u627e\u5230\u817a\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u83cc(<em>Yersinia pestis)<\/em>\u8207\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u83cc(<em>Bacillus anthracis)<\/em>\u3002\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u53ea\u670912%\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u5177\u6709\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5730\u9435\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u81f4\u75c5\u6027(57%)\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u5c0d\u65bc\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u5bb3(31%)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f03\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u572828%\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u627e\u5230\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u83cc\u682a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u5728\u73ca\u8fea\u98b6\u98a8\u5f8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u9435\u7ad9\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9032\u5165\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5730\u5716\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u4e0b\u53bb\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u885b\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u9810\u9632\u75be\u75c5\u6563\u64ad\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u9ede\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u817a\u9f20\u75ab\u8207\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6e2c\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff1a\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5e7e\u96bb\u7d30\u83cc\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nChristopher E. Mason et. al. 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cell.com\/pb\/assets\/raw\/journals\/research\/cell-systems\/do-not-delete\/CELS1_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geospatial Resolution of Human and Bacterial Diversity with City-Scale Metagenomics<\/a>. Cell Systems. 1:1-15. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cels.2015.01.001<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>--<\/strong><\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\" \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u8449\u7da0\u8212\u3000\u6148\u6fdf\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u8449\u7da0\u8212 \u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5e02\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a2e\u7d30\u83cc\uff1f\u5728<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":20945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,26],"tags":[1703,297,1192,214,1543],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_01.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20944"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32178,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20944\/revisions\/32178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}