{"id":20916,"date":"2015-03-11T00:19:59","date_gmt":"2015-03-10T16:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20916"},"modified":"2018-08-01T14:49:02","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T06:49:02","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b%e5%9c%9f%e5%a3%a4%e5%b9%b4%e5%b0%88%e9%a1%8c%e3%80%91%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e7%a2%b3biochar%ef%bc%9a%e6%94%b9%e8%89%af%e5%9c%9f%e5%a3%a4%e6%96%b0%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20916","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u570b\u969b\u571f\u58e4\u5e74\u5c08\u984c\u3011\u751f\u7269\u78b3(Biochar)\uff1a\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Biochar\"
\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u7da0\u8212<\/p>\n

\u807d\u904e\u751f\u7269\u78b3(Biochar)\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u5c07\u6a39\u76ae\u7b49\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7269\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269\u5728\u4f4e\u6c27\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3(pyrolysis)\u800c\u6210(\u53c31)\u3002\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u807d\u4f86\u96d6\u7136\u9ad8\u6df1\uff0c\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u795e\u5947\uff1b\u5f9e\u6728\u982d\u71d2\u6210\u6728\u70ad\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u754c\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\uff1b\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7802\u571f\u5132\u6c34\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u52a092%\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u9ecf\u571f\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4f7f\u6c34\u5206\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607300%\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7684\u92b7\u552e\u91cf\u5f9e2008\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e09\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u9bae\u73a9\u610f\u5152\u3002\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e9e\u746a\u905c\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u4fbf\u61c2\u5f97\u88fd\u4f5cterra preta<\/em>\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u800c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u6703\u5728\u6536\u7a6b\u5f8c\u711a\u71d2\u7530\u88e1\u7684\u96dc\u8349\u8207\u7a3b\u6897\uff08\u71d2\u7530\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bba\u6b7b\u5bb3\u87f2\u3001\u7522\u751f\u8349\u6728\u7070\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u5f62\u6210\uff08\u5806\u71d2\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u70ad\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662fterra preta<\/em>\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u5357\u7f8e\u5f8c\u4fbf\u505c\u6b62\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u71d2\u7530\u5247\u56e0\u70ba\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u7159\u9727\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u958b\u59cb\u5927\u884c\u5176\u9053\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u7d1b\u7d1b\u6295\u5165\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u80fd\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\u7684\u900f\u6c34\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u6c2e(N2O\uff0c\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f37\u5ea6\u70ba\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684300\u500d)(\u53c32)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u4e94\u5e74\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u9084\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u6709\u5bb3\u7d30\u83cc\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u529b\u3002\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78(Rice University)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u5e72\u64fe\u7d30\u83cc\u63a5\u6536\u5b83\u5011\u7528\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u9023\u7d61\u7684\u5206\u5b50(acyl-homoserine lactone\uff0cAHL)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d30\u83cc\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u5b51\u7136\u4e00\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u8208\u98a8\u4f5c\u6d6a(\u53c33)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"N-Acyl_Homoserine_Lactone\"
AHL\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u8aaa\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u7522\u91cf\u5462\uff1f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u690d\u7269\u7684\u8449\u7247\u9577\u5927130%\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6574\u682a\u690d\u7269\u76f4\u5f91\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\uff1b\u800c\u6839\u4e5f\u947d\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u6df1(\u53c34)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u6539\u826f\u5291\uff01\u66f4\u68d2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u690d\u7269\u6027\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269\u88fd\u4f5c(\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u8cea\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u696d\u754c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f5c\u7269\u9577\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u690d\u7269\u7684\u9632\u885b\u57fa\u56e0(plant defense gene)\u8868\u73fe\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d(\u53c34)\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5a01\u8105\u5927\u6e1b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u9632\u885b\u57fa\u56e0\u5462\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\u5c0d\u81ea\u71df\u751f\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u591a\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u90fd\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Charcoal_Kiln\"
\u4e9e\u5229\u6851\u7d0d\u5dde\u5ee2\u68c4\u7684\u6728\u70ad\u7aaf\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf(2%)\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7389\u7c73\u7684\u7522\u91cf\u53cd\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11(\u53c35)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u76f8\u7576\u5206\u6b67\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9ea5\u6897(\u53c32)\u3001\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7d19\u5ee0\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u6027\u5eda\u9918\u7684(\u53c35)\u3001\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6728\u5c51\u7684(\u53c34)\u3001\u4e5f\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u6a39\u7a2e(\u7267\u8c46\u6a39Prosopis glandulosa)<\/em>\u7684(\u53c33)\u3002\u800c\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u651d\u6c0f1200\u5ea6\u5230300\u5ea6\u90fd\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u651d\u6c0f700\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6291\u83cc\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5247\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9ad8\u6eab\uff08\u651d\u6c0f525-600\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0b\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u56fa\u78b3\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8f03\u5dee(\u53c36)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a31\u547c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u70babiochar\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u52a0\u4e0a\u8907\u6578\uff0c\u7a31\u70babiochars<\/strong>\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u662f\u6a19\u660e\u539f\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u54ea\u7a2e\u690d\u7269\u70ba\u539f\u6599\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\uff0c\u624d\u9069\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fb2\u5730\u8207\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u662f\u5426\u89aa\u6c11\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u7530\u88e1\u96a8\u4fbf\u5806\u4e00\u5806\u6b98\u679d\u3001\u843d\u8449\u71d2\u4e00\u71d2\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u82b1\u9322\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u74b0\u4fdd\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u50f9\u683c\u6602\u8cb4(\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\u9ad8\u6eab\u71b1\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u74b0\u4fdd)\uff0c\u5247\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u672a\u5fc5\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u90fd\u5e02\u8fb2\u592b\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u78b3\u5c0d\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8a66\u9a57\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u6599\u5c65\u6b77\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e82\u4e03\u516b\u7cdf\u7684\u690d\u7269\u6027\u4e8b\u696d\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269\u90fd\u62ff\u4f86\u96a8\u4fbf\u71d2\u4e00\u71d2\u5c31\u505a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u53ea\u6015\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u5f0a\u53c3\u534a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f0a\u5927\u65bc\u5229\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u88ab\u553e\u68c4\u7684\u70ad\u7c89\u7f77\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. Rachel Cernansky. 2015.\u00a0State-of-the-art Soil<\/a>. Nature. 517\uff1a258-260.
\n2. Xiaoyu Liu et. al., 2014.\u00a0Sustainable biochar effects for low carbon crop production: A 5-crop season field experiment on a low fertility soil from Central China<\/a>. Agricultural Systems. 129:22-29.
\n3. Caroline A. Masiello et. al., 2013.\u00a0Biochar and Microbial Signaling: Production Conditions Determine Effects on Microbial Communication<\/a>. Environmental Science & Technology. 47:11496-11503. DOI: 10.1021\/es401458s
\n4. Maud Viger et. al. 2014.\u00a0More plant growth but less plant defense? First global gene expression data for plants grown in soil amended with biochar<\/a>. Global Change Biology. DOI:10.1111\/gcbb.12182
\n5. Shelby Rajkovich et. al. 2012.\u00a0Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil<\/a>. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 48:271-284
\n6. Andrew R. Zimmerman. 2011.\u00a0Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils<\/a>. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 43:1169-1179<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u8449\u7da0\u8212 \u807d\u904e\u751f\u7269\u78b3(Biochar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":20917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191,3293],"tags":[1702,1642,1697,1701,1543],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Biochar.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20916"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20916"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32188,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20916\/revisions\/32188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}