{"id":20261,"date":"2015-01-21T00:12:12","date_gmt":"2015-01-20T16:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20261"},"modified":"2018-08-01T14:37:02","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T06:37:02","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%b9%bd%e7%b4%9b%e7%94%9f%e6%85%8b%e3%80%91%e5%8f%88%e6%9c%89%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e9%b3%a5%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82%ef%bc%9f%ef%bc%8d%ef%bc%8d%e9%b3%a5%e9%a1%9e%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e9%ab%94%e5%a4%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=20261","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7e7d\u7d1b\u751f\u614b\u3011\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9ce5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\uff0d\uff0d\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5927\u89e3\u5bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u7d93\u904e\u56db\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7838\u4e0b\u597d\u5e7e\u767e\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u969b\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u70ba45\u7a2e\u9ce5\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e26\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8fc4\u4eca\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u768448\u7a2e\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u300c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6a39\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u9326\u82b1\u96c0\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u6591\u80f8\u8349\u96c0\uff0czebra
\u9326\u82b1\u96c0\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u6591\u80f8\u8349\u96c0\uff0czebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)\uff09
Photo credit: Keith Gerstung from McHenry, IL, United States, CC BY 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ec3\u8c9e\u7965<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53f2\u548c\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u7cfb\u662f\u56f0\u64fe\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u6578\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8b0e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u9084\u6709\u9ce5\u985e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\uff1f\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u6f02\u4eae\u7fbd\u6bdb\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff1f\u9ce5\u985e\u5982\u4f55\u5b78\u7fd2\u9cf4\u5531\uff1f\u9ce5\u985e\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u63a2\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u570b\u6df1\u5733\u83ef\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f35\u570b\u6377\u3001\u4e39\u9ea5\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6M. Thomas P. Gilbert\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Erich D. Jarvis\u7b49\u4eba\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u806f\u76df\uff08Avian Genome Consortium\uff09\uff0c\u4ee545\u7a2e\u65b0\u5b9a\u5e8f\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u539f\u672c\u5df2\u7d93\u5b9a\u5e8f\u7684\u96de\u3001\u706b\u96de\u548c\u9326\u82b1\u96c0\uff0c\u5c0d48\u7a2e\u9ce5\u985e\u9032\u884c\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6bd4\u8f03\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u57282011\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5e8f\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u82b1\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8017\u8cbb\u4e86400\u5e74\u7684CPU\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u53f0\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e8f\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u7269\u7a2e\u5305\u62ec\u70cf\u9d09\u3001\u9d28\u3001\u96bc\u3001\u9e1a\u9d61\u3001\u4f01\u9d5d\u3001\u55da\u79bd\u3001\u5544\u6728\u9ce5\u3001\u8702\u9ce5\u548c\u9df9\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e8632\u500b\u9ce5\u7db2\u7684\u76ee\uff0c\u56ca\u62ec\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u96de\u3001\u9326\u82b1\u96c0\u548c\u9d3f\u5b50\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5229\u7528\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a39\uff08Jarvis,<\/a>
\u5229\u7528\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a39\uff08Jarvis, E. D., et al. Science 2014\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u662f6,600\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u767d\u580a\u7d00\u7269\u7a2e\u5927\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u6050\u9f8d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6f14\u5316\u81ea\u7378\u8173\u985e\u6050\u9f8d\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u7956\u5148\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u8eab\u70ba\u6050\u9f8d\u4e00\u54e1\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u7956\u5148\u4e0d\u50c5\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9084\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e0a\u842c\u7a2e\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9678\u751f\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u9ce5\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u5916\u89c0\u4f86\u70ba\u9ce5\u985e\u5efa\u69cb\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a39\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u501f\u52a9DNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6578\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u7684\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a39\u4e4b\u9593\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u85c9\u6b64\u826f\u6a5f\uff0c\u628a\u9ce5\u985e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f04\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7d04\u6709\u5341\u5104\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\uff1b\u76f8\u8f03\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e8f\u5217\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u75c5\u6bd2\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u6e05\u9664\u6389\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6050\u9f8d\u6ec5\u7d55\u5f8c1,000\u842c\u5e74\u81f31,500\u842c\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u7d1a\u7269\u7a2e\u5927\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9010\u6f38\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u842c\u591a\u7a2e\u5c6c\u65bc\u65b0\u9ce5\u5c0f\u7db1 \uff08Neoaves\uff09\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\uff0c\u73fe\u751f95\uff05\u7684\u9ce5\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u65b0\u9ce5\u5c0f\u7db1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u9ce5\u985e\u9084\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u9cf4\u5531\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9cf4\u5531\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u9ce5\u985e\u4e2d\u7368\u7acb\u6f14\u5316\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9e1a\u9d61\u3001\u8702\u9ce5\u548c\u9cf4\u79bd\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9cf4\u5531\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9cf4\u79bd\u3001\u9e1a\u9d61\u548c\u8702\u9ce5\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u8207\u9cf4\u5531\u5b78\u7fd2\u76f8\u95dc\u768455\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8ddf\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5340\u57df\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u9cf4\u5531\u5b78\u7fd2\u6709\u7570\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u5176\u4ed6\u9ce5\u985e\uff0c\u6709\u9cf4\u5531\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u901f\u7387\u4e5f\u8f03\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u7687\u5e1d\u4f01\u9d5d\uff08emperor
\u7687\u5e1d\u4f01\u9d5d\uff08emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)\uff09
Photo credit: Ian Duffy from UK, CC BY 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u7259\u9f52\u662f\u5728\u7d041.16\u5104\u5e74\u524d\u5931\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9ce5\u985e\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u516d\u500b\u548c\u7259\u9f52\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u300c\u95dc\u9589\u300d\u4e86\uff1b\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u96c4\u9ce5\u5728\u6c42\u5076\u6642\u6703\u4f54\u4e0a\u98a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8207\u7fbd\u6bdb\u984f\u8272\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u5f97\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u56e0\u8981\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u901948\u7a2e\u9ce5\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5c07\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ce5\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u5f85\u767c\u6398\u7684\u5bf6\u85cf\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a20\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb680\u591a\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684200\u591a\u540d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8fd1\u5345\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u516b\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u53ca\u4e00\u7bc7\u8a55\u8ad6\u8ad6\u6587\u4ee5\u5c08\u520a\u5f62\u5f0f\u520a\u767b\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff08Science\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff1a<\/strong>
\nG. Zhang, et al. Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1251385
\nE. D. Jarvis, et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1253451
\nQ. Zhou, et al. Complex evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes across bird taxa. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1246338
\nA. R. Pfenning, et al. Convergent transcriptional specializations in the brains of humans and song-learning birds. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1256846
\nO. Whitney, et al. Core and region-enriched networks of behaviorally regulated genes and the singing genome. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1256780
\nR. E. Green, et al. Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1254449
\nR. W. Meredith, et al. Evidence for a single loss of mineralized teeth in the common avian ancestor. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1254390
\nS. Mirarab, et al. Statistical binning enables an accurate coalescent-based estimation of the avian tree. Science, 12 December 2014; DOI: 10.1126\/science.1250463
\nC. Li, et al. Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment. GigaScience 2014, 3:27\u00a0 doi:10.1186\/2047-217X-3-27<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1.Colin Barras. Humans and birds share the same singing genes. New Scientist.<\/a> 11 December 2014
\n2.Sarah Crespi. Slideshow: Untangling the bird family tree.<\/a>\u00a0 Science News. 11 December 2014.
\n3.Karl Leif Bates. Genes tell story of birdsong and human speech<\/a>. ScienceDaily. December 11, 2014.
\n4.Ewen Callaway. Flock of geneticists redraws bird family tree.<\/a> Nature | News. 11 December 2014
\n5.Ian Sample. Sprouting feathers and lost teeth: scientists map the evolution of birds<\/a>. The Guardian. 11 December 2014.
\n6.Jane J. Lee. New Family Tree Illuminates 'Big Bang' in Bird Evolution After Dinosaur Extinction. <\/a>National Geographic. December 11, 2014.
\n7.Geoffrey Mohan. A flock of genomes tells the tale of bird evolution<\/a>. Los Angeles Times. December 11, 2014.
\n8.Marissa Fessenden. Massive Genetic Effort Confirms Bird Songs Related to Human Speech.<\/a> Scientific American.\u00a0 December 15, 2014.<\/p>\n

--<\/strong><\/span>
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 <\/p>\n

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